Dekübit Ülseri ve Yara Yeri Enfeksiyonu
Özet
Dekübit ülserleri, uzun süreli basınç veya sürtünme nedeniyle ciltte ve altındaki dokularda oluşan yaralanmalardır. Özellikle hareketsiz veya yatalak bireylerde yaygındır ve 65 yaş üstü popülasyonda sık görülür. Enfeksiyon, bu yaraların yaygın bir komplikasyonudur ve ciddi durumlarda sepsise yol açabilir. Basınç ülserleri, ciddiyetlerine göre dört evreye ayrılır ve hafif kızarıklıktan derin doku hasarına kadar değişir. Önlenmeleri için sık pozisyon değişikliği, iyi cilt bakımı ve özel yastıklar kullanmak önemlidir. Tedavi, yaranın temizlenmesi, uygun pansuman ve gerektiğinde antibiyotik kullanımını içerir.
Decubitus ulcers, also known as pressure ulcers, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissues caused by prolonged pressure or friction. They are common in immobile or bedridden individuals and frequently occur in those over 65. Infection is a common complication of these ulcers and can lead to sepsis in severe cases. Pressure ulcers are classified into four stages, ranging from mild redness to deep tissue damage. Prevention involves frequent position changes, good skin care, and the use of special cushions. Treatment includes cleaning the wound, proper dressing, and the use of antibiotics if necessary.
Referanslar
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline 2019. EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA.
Evidence update on prevention of surgical site infection David Leaper; Karen Ousey, Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 28(2):p 158-163, April 2015.
Wound Healing Society 2015 update on guidelines for pressure ulcers Lisa Gould 1, Mike Stuntz 2, Michelle Giovannelli 2, at all. PMID: 26683529 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12396
Prevention and management of pressure ulcers in primary and secondary care: summary of NICE guidance BMJ 2014; 348 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2592
Pressure Ulcers: Prevention and Management. Jonathan M. Evans, M.D.Karen L. Andrews, M.D. at all. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4065/70.8.789
Revised National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Injury Staging System: Revised Pressure Injury Staging System. Laura E Edsberg 1, Joyce M Black, at all. PMID: 27749790 DOI: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000281
In Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Wound infection. (2022)
The Effect of Clinically Relevant Pressure Duration on Sacral Skin Blood Flow and Temperature in Patients After Acute Spinal Cord Injury Wipa Sae-Sia RN, PhD a, Deidre D. Wipke-Tevis RN, PhD b, Donna A. Williams PhD c doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.037
Skin care and incontinence. British Journal of Nursing, 16(7), 402-407. Cox, J. (2007)
Nutrition and wound healing. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998 Sep-Oct;22(5):357-65. doi: 10.1177/0148607198022005357. PMID: 9744278.
Nutrition and wound healing. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010 Aug;25(4): 61-68. doi: 10.1177/0884533610379853. PMID: 20696869.
Incidence and predictors of falls and pressure ulcers in elderly persons receiving home care. Nurs Res. 1998 Jan-Feb;47(1): 34-41. doi: 10.1097/00006199-199801000-00006. PMID: 9474029.
Wound Care: Cleaning and Treating. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019)
How to Clean a Wound. American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.)
How to care for cuts and grazes. National Health Service (NHS). (2021)
Dressings. National Health Service (NHS). (2021)
Wound Care. MedlinePlus. (2021)
Antibiotic Prescribing and Use in Doctor's Offices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021)
Antibiotic Resistance. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021)
Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help. American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). (2021)
Flap Surgery. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (n.d.)
Skin Grafting. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2016)
Surgical Debridement of Wounds: Indications, Techniques, and Complications. WoundSource. (2021)
Referanslar
National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel, European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel and Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance. Prevention and Treatment of Pressure Ulcers/Injuries: Clinical Practice Guideline 2019. EPUAP/NPIAP/PPPIA.
Evidence update on prevention of surgical site infection David Leaper; Karen Ousey, Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases 28(2):p 158-163, April 2015.
Wound Healing Society 2015 update on guidelines for pressure ulcers Lisa Gould 1, Mike Stuntz 2, Michelle Giovannelli 2, at all. PMID: 26683529 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12396
Prevention and management of pressure ulcers in primary and secondary care: summary of NICE guidance BMJ 2014; 348 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2592
Pressure Ulcers: Prevention and Management. Jonathan M. Evans, M.D.Karen L. Andrews, M.D. at all. DOI:https://doi.org/10.4065/70.8.789
Revised National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel Pressure Injury Staging System: Revised Pressure Injury Staging System. Laura E Edsberg 1, Joyce M Black, at all. PMID: 27749790 DOI: 10.1097/WON.0000000000000281
In Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. Wound infection. (2022)
The Effect of Clinically Relevant Pressure Duration on Sacral Skin Blood Flow and Temperature in Patients After Acute Spinal Cord Injury Wipa Sae-Sia RN, PhD a, Deidre D. Wipke-Tevis RN, PhD b, Donna A. Williams PhD c doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2007.07.037
Skin care and incontinence. British Journal of Nursing, 16(7), 402-407. Cox, J. (2007)
Nutrition and wound healing. J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1998 Sep-Oct;22(5):357-65. doi: 10.1177/0148607198022005357. PMID: 9744278.
Nutrition and wound healing. Nutr Clin Pract. 2010 Aug;25(4): 61-68. doi: 10.1177/0884533610379853. PMID: 20696869.
Incidence and predictors of falls and pressure ulcers in elderly persons receiving home care. Nurs Res. 1998 Jan-Feb;47(1): 34-41. doi: 10.1097/00006199-199801000-00006. PMID: 9474029.
Wound Care: Cleaning and Treating. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019)
How to Clean a Wound. American Academy of Dermatology Association. (n.d.)
How to care for cuts and grazes. National Health Service (NHS). (2021)
Dressings. National Health Service (NHS). (2021)
Wound Care. MedlinePlus. (2021)
Antibiotic Prescribing and Use in Doctor's Offices. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2021)
Antibiotic Resistance. World Health Organization (WHO). (2021)
Antibiotics: When They Can and Can't Help. American Academy of Family Physicians (AAFP). (2021)
Flap Surgery. American Society of Plastic Surgeons. (n.d.)
Skin Grafting. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. (2016)
Surgical Debridement of Wounds: Indications, Techniques, and Complications. WoundSource. (2021)
