Yoğun Bakım Hastasında Sıvı Tedavisi
Özet
Referanslar
Cosnett JE. The origins of intravenous fluid therapy. Lancet (London, England). 1989;1(8641):768-71.
McCrory RFR, Gormley GJ, Maxwell AP, Dornan T. Learning to prescribe intravenous fluids: A scoping review. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2017.
Harris B, Schopflin C, Khaghani C, Edwards M. Perioperative intravenous fluid prescribing: a multi-centre audit. Perioperative medicine (London, England). 2015;4:15.
Holmes FL. Claude Bernard, the milieu intérieur, and regulatory physiology. History and philosophy of the life sciences. 1986;8(1):3-25.
Edelman IS, Leibman J. Anatomy of body water and electrolytes. The American journal of medicine. 1959;27:256-77.
Nguyen MK, Kurtz I. Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md : 1985). 2006;100(4):1293-300.
Lobo D, Lewington A, Allison S. BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY 2nd Edition2023.
Fleck A, Raines G, Hawker F, Trotter J, Wallace PI, Ledingham IM, et al. Increased vascular permeability: a major cause of hypoalbuminaemia in disease and injury. Lancet (London, England). 1985;1(8432):781-4.
Starling EH. On the Absorption of Fluids from the Connective Tissue Spaces. The Journal of physiology. 1896;19(4):312-26.
Allison S. Fluid, electrolytes and nutrition. Clinical medicine (London, England). 2004;4(6):573-8.
Lentner C, editor. Geigy scientific tables: Volume 1: Units of measurement, body fluids, composition of the body, nutrition. 8th ed. West Caldwell, NJ: CIBA-Geigy Corporation; 1981.
Burton R, Theodore P. Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders: McGraw-Hill Education; 2001. 992 p.
Lobo DN, Stanga Z, Aloysius MM, Wicks C, Nunes QM, Ingram KL, et al. Effect of volume loading with 1 liter intravenous infusions of 0.9% saline, 4% succinylated gelatine (Gelofusine) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven) on blood volume and endocrine responses: a randomized, three-way crossover study in healthy volunteers. Critical care medicine. 2010;38(2):464-70.
Kraft MD, Btaiche IF, Sacks GS, Kudsk KA. Treatment of electrolyte disorders in adult patients in the intensive care unit. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2005;62(16):1663-82.
Reynolds RM, Padfield PL, Seckl JR. Disorders of sodium balance. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2006;332(7543):702-5.
Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. The New England journal of medicine. 2000;342(20):1493-9.
Sterns RH, Cox M, Feig PU, Singer I. Internal potassium balance and the control of the plasma potassium concentration. Medicine. 1981;60(5):339-54.
Phelan DM, Worthley LI. Hypokalaemic coma. Intensive care medicine. 1985;11(5):257-8.
Rossana B, Mariangela T, Edoardo L, Federica P, Francesca M, Silvia R. Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review. Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review. 2019;5:79.
Weisinger JR, Bellorín-Font E. Magnesium and phosphorus. Lancet (London, England). 1998;352(9125):391-6.
Davey MJ, Teubner D. A randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate, in addition to usual care, for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Annals of emergency medicine. 2005;45(4):347-53.
Chang WT, Radin B, McCurdy MT. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate abnormalities in the emergency department. Emergency medicine clinics of North America. 2014;32(2):349-66.
Berend K, van Hulsteijn LH, Gans RO. Chloride: the queen of electrolytes? European journal of internal medicine. 2012;23(3):203-11.
Pham PM, Pham PA, Pham SV, Pham PT, Pham PT, Pham PC. Correction of hyponatremia and osmotic demyelinating syndrome: have we neglected to think intracellularly? Clinical and experimental nephrology. 2015;19(3):489-95.
Huang CL, Kuo E. Mechanism of hypokalemia in magnesium deficiency. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2007;18(10):2649-52.
Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2007;2(2):366-73.
Na D, Tao G, Shu-Ying L, Qin-Yi W, Xiao-Li Q, Yong-Fang L, et al. Association between hypomagnesemia and severity of primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective study. BMC endocrine disorders. 2021;21(1):170.
Wadsworth R, Siddiqui S. Phosphate homeostasis in critical care. BJA Education. 2016;16(9):305-9.
Martin KJ, González EA, Slatopolsky E. Clinical consequences and management of hypomagnesemia. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2009;20(11):2291-5.
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Potassium Homeostasis: Core Curriculum 2019. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2019;74(5):682-95.
Kapoor M, Chan GZ. Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Critical care clinics. 2001;17(3):503-29.
Amanzadeh J, Reilly RF, Jr. Hypophosphatemia: an evidence-based approach to its clinical consequences and management. Nature clinical practice Nephrology. 2006;2(3):136-48.
Pham PC, Konanur Ventakaram R, Pham J, Sidhu H, Bader N, Pham PM, et al. Severe Hyperphosphatemia in a Patient with Mild Acute Kidney Injury. Case reports in medicine. 2021;2021:9962624.
Cuthbertson DP. The disturbance of metabolism produced by bony and non-bony injury, with notes on certain abnormal conditions of bone. The Biochemical journal. 1930;24(4):1244-63.
Tindall SF, Clark RG. The influence of high and low sodium intakes on post-operative antidiuresis. The British journal of surgery. 1981;68(9):639-44.
Wilkinson AW, Billing BH, et al. Excretion of chloride and sodium after surgical operations. Lancet (London, England). 1949;1(6555):640-4.
Wilkinson AW, Billing BH, Nagy G, Stewart CP. Excretion of potassium after partial gastrectomy. Lancet (London, England). 1950;2(6621):135-7.
Lobo DN. Fluid, electrolytes and nutrition: physiological and clinical aspects. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2004;63(3):453-66.
Myburgh JA, Mythen MG. Resuscitation fluids. The New England journal of medicine. 2013;369(13):1243-51.
Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Intensive care medicine. 2014;40(3):320-31.
Sterns RH. Treatment of Severe Hyponatremia. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2018;13(4):641-9.
Hoorn EJ, Tuut MK, Hoorntje SJ, van Saase JL, Zietse R, Geers AB. Dutch guideline for the management of electrolyte disorders--2012 revision. The Netherlands journal of medicine. 2013;71(3):153-65.
Darmon M, Pichon M, Schwebel C, Ruckly S, Adrie C, Haouache H, et al. Influence of early dysnatremia correction on survival of critically ill patients. Shock (Augusta, Ga). 2014;41(5):394-9.
Colombo MG, Kirchberger I, Amann U, Dinser L, Meisinger C. Association of serum potassium concentration with mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(6):576-95.
Osadchii OE. Mechanisms of hypokalemia-induced ventricular arrhythmogenicity. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2010;24(5):547-59.
. !!! INVALID CITATION !!! {}.
Krogager ML, Søgaard P, Torp-Pedersen C, Bøggild H, Lee CJ-Y, Bonde A, et al. Impact of plasma potassium normalization on short-term mortality in patients with hypertension and hypokalemia or low normal potassium. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2020;20(1):386.
Geerse DA, Bindels AJ, Kuiper MA, Roos AN, Spronk PE, Schultz MJ. Treatment of hypophosphatemia in the intensive care unit: a review. Critical care (London, England). 2010;14(4):R147.
Velissaris D, Karamouzos V, Pierrakos C, Aretha D, Karanikolas M. Hypomagnesemia in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients. Journal of clinical medicine research. 2015;7(12):911-8.
Noormandi A, Khalili H, Mohammadi M, Abdollahi A. Effect of magnesium supplementation on lactate clearance in critically ill patients with severe sepsis: a randomized clinical trial. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2020;76(2):175-84.
Heidary Z, Khalili H, Mohammadi M, Beigmohammadi MT, Abdollahi A. Effect of Magnesium Loading Dose on Insulin Resistance in Patients With Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of intensive care medicine. 2020;35(7):687-93.
Alfonzo A, Harrison A, Baines R, Mann S, Chu A, MacRury M. Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines‐Treatment of Acute Hyperkalaemia in Adults. 2020.
Leaf DE, Christov M. Dysregulated Mineral Metabolism in AKI. Seminars in nephrology. 2019;39(1):41-56.
Tan HK, Bellomo R, M'Pis DA, Ronco C. Phosphatemic control during acute renal failure: intermittent hemodialysis versus continuous hemodiafiltration. The International journal of artificial organs. 2001;24(4):186-91.
Swaminathan R. Magnesium metabolism and its disorders. The Clinical biochemist Reviews. 2003;24(2):47-66.
Forsythe RM, Wessel CB, Billiar TR, Angus DC, Rosengart MR. Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2008(4):Cd006163.
Malbrain ML, Van Regenmortel N, Owczuk R. It is time to consider the four D's of fluid management. Anaesthesiology intensive therapy. 2015;47 Spec No:s1-5.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive care medicine. 2017;43(3):304-77.
Van Regenmortel N, Verbrugghe W, Van den Wyngaert T, Jorens PG. Impact of chloride and strong ion difference on ICU and hospital mortality in a mixed intensive care population. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):91.
Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, Ranieri VM, Reinhart K, Gerlach H, et al. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Critical care medicine. 2006;34(2):344-53.
Jozwiak M, Teboul JL, Anguel N, Persichini R, Silva S, Chemla D, et al. Beneficial hemodynamic effects of prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2013;188(12):1428-33.
Malbrain M, Van Regenmortel N, Saugel B, De Tavernier B, Van Gaal PJ, Joannes-Boyau O, et al. Principles of fluid management and stewardship in septic shock: it is time to consider the four D's and the four phases of fluid therapy. Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):66.
Hahn RG. Volume kinetics for infusion fluids. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(2):470-81.
HAHN RG, BAHLMANN H, NILSSON L. Dehydration and fluid volume kinetics before major open abdominal surgery. 2014;58(10):1258-66.
Monnet X, Marik PE, Teboul JL. Prediction of fluid responsiveness: an update. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):111.
Benes J, Kirov M, Kuzkov V, Lainscak M, Molnar Z, Voga G, et al. Fluid Therapy: Double-Edged Sword during Critical Care? BioMed research international. 2015;2015:729075.
Malbrain ML, Marik PE, Witters I, Cordemans C, Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, et al. Fluid overload, de-resuscitation, and outcomes in critically ill or injured patients: a systematic review with suggestions for clinical practice. Anaesthesiology intensive therapy. 2014;46(5):361-80.
Silversides JA, Major E, Ferguson AJ, Mann EE, McAuley DF, Marshall JC, et al. Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive care medicine. 2017;43(2):155-70.
Hoste EA, Maitland K, Brudney CS, Mehta R, Vincent JL, Yates D, et al. Four phases of intravenous fluid therapy: a conceptual model. British journal of anaesthesia. 2014;113(5):740-7.
Malbrain M, Langer T, Annane D, Gattinoni L, Elbers P, Hahn RG, et al. Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA). Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):64.
Cecconi M, Hofer C, Teboul JL, Pettila V, Wilkman E, Molnar Z, et al. Fluid challenges in intensive care: the FENICE study: A global inception cohort study. Intensive care medicine. 2015;41(9):1529-37.
Vincent JL. "Let's give some fluid and see what happens" versus the "mini-fluid challenge". Anesthesiology. 2011;115(3):455-6.
Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Åneman A, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis. The New England journal of medicine. 2012;367(2):124-34.
Uz Z, Ince C, Guerci P, Ince Y, P. Araujo R, Ergin B, et al. Recruitment of sublingual microcirculation using handheld incident dark field imaging as a routine measurement tool during the postoperative de-escalation phase—a pilot study in post ICU cardiac surgery patients. Perioperative Medicine. 2018;7(1):18.
Referanslar
Cosnett JE. The origins of intravenous fluid therapy. Lancet (London, England). 1989;1(8641):768-71.
McCrory RFR, Gormley GJ, Maxwell AP, Dornan T. Learning to prescribe intravenous fluids: A scoping review. Perspectives on Medical Education. 2017.
Harris B, Schopflin C, Khaghani C, Edwards M. Perioperative intravenous fluid prescribing: a multi-centre audit. Perioperative medicine (London, England). 2015;4:15.
Holmes FL. Claude Bernard, the milieu intérieur, and regulatory physiology. History and philosophy of the life sciences. 1986;8(1):3-25.
Edelman IS, Leibman J. Anatomy of body water and electrolytes. The American journal of medicine. 1959;27:256-77.
Nguyen MK, Kurtz I. Quantitative interrelationship between Gibbs-Donnan equilibrium, osmolality of body fluid compartments, and plasma water sodium concentration. Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md : 1985). 2006;100(4):1293-300.
Lobo D, Lewington A, Allison S. BASIC CONCEPTS OF FLUID AND ELECTROLYTE THERAPY 2nd Edition2023.
Fleck A, Raines G, Hawker F, Trotter J, Wallace PI, Ledingham IM, et al. Increased vascular permeability: a major cause of hypoalbuminaemia in disease and injury. Lancet (London, England). 1985;1(8432):781-4.
Starling EH. On the Absorption of Fluids from the Connective Tissue Spaces. The Journal of physiology. 1896;19(4):312-26.
Allison S. Fluid, electrolytes and nutrition. Clinical medicine (London, England). 2004;4(6):573-8.
Lentner C, editor. Geigy scientific tables: Volume 1: Units of measurement, body fluids, composition of the body, nutrition. 8th ed. West Caldwell, NJ: CIBA-Geigy Corporation; 1981.
Burton R, Theodore P. Clinical Physiology of Acid-Base and Electrolyte Disorders: McGraw-Hill Education; 2001. 992 p.
Lobo DN, Stanga Z, Aloysius MM, Wicks C, Nunes QM, Ingram KL, et al. Effect of volume loading with 1 liter intravenous infusions of 0.9% saline, 4% succinylated gelatine (Gelofusine) and 6% hydroxyethyl starch (Voluven) on blood volume and endocrine responses: a randomized, three-way crossover study in healthy volunteers. Critical care medicine. 2010;38(2):464-70.
Kraft MD, Btaiche IF, Sacks GS, Kudsk KA. Treatment of electrolyte disorders in adult patients in the intensive care unit. American journal of health-system pharmacy : AJHP : official journal of the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. 2005;62(16):1663-82.
Reynolds RM, Padfield PL, Seckl JR. Disorders of sodium balance. BMJ (Clinical research ed). 2006;332(7543):702-5.
Adrogué HJ, Madias NE. Hypernatremia. The New England journal of medicine. 2000;342(20):1493-9.
Sterns RH, Cox M, Feig PU, Singer I. Internal potassium balance and the control of the plasma potassium concentration. Medicine. 1981;60(5):339-54.
Phelan DM, Worthley LI. Hypokalaemic coma. Intensive care medicine. 1985;11(5):257-8.
Rossana B, Mariangela T, Edoardo L, Federica P, Francesca M, Silvia R. Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review. Electrolyte disorders in cancer patients: a systematic review. 2019;5:79.
Weisinger JR, Bellorín-Font E. Magnesium and phosphorus. Lancet (London, England). 1998;352(9125):391-6.
Davey MJ, Teubner D. A randomized controlled trial of magnesium sulfate, in addition to usual care, for rate control in atrial fibrillation. Annals of emergency medicine. 2005;45(4):347-53.
Chang WT, Radin B, McCurdy MT. Calcium, magnesium, and phosphate abnormalities in the emergency department. Emergency medicine clinics of North America. 2014;32(2):349-66.
Berend K, van Hulsteijn LH, Gans RO. Chloride: the queen of electrolytes? European journal of internal medicine. 2012;23(3):203-11.
Pham PM, Pham PA, Pham SV, Pham PT, Pham PT, Pham PC. Correction of hyponatremia and osmotic demyelinating syndrome: have we neglected to think intracellularly? Clinical and experimental nephrology. 2015;19(3):489-95.
Huang CL, Kuo E. Mechanism of hypokalemia in magnesium deficiency. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2007;18(10):2649-52.
Pham PC, Pham PM, Pham SV, Miller JM, Pham PT. Hypomagnesemia in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2007;2(2):366-73.
Na D, Tao G, Shu-Ying L, Qin-Yi W, Xiao-Li Q, Yong-Fang L, et al. Association between hypomagnesemia and severity of primary hyperparathyroidism: a retrospective study. BMC endocrine disorders. 2021;21(1):170.
Wadsworth R, Siddiqui S. Phosphate homeostasis in critical care. BJA Education. 2016;16(9):305-9.
Martin KJ, González EA, Slatopolsky E. Clinical consequences and management of hypomagnesemia. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN. 2009;20(11):2291-5.
Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Physiology and Pathophysiology of Potassium Homeostasis: Core Curriculum 2019. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. 2019;74(5):682-95.
Kapoor M, Chan GZ. Fluid and electrolyte abnormalities. Critical care clinics. 2001;17(3):503-29.
Amanzadeh J, Reilly RF, Jr. Hypophosphatemia: an evidence-based approach to its clinical consequences and management. Nature clinical practice Nephrology. 2006;2(3):136-48.
Pham PC, Konanur Ventakaram R, Pham J, Sidhu H, Bader N, Pham PM, et al. Severe Hyperphosphatemia in a Patient with Mild Acute Kidney Injury. Case reports in medicine. 2021;2021:9962624.
Cuthbertson DP. The disturbance of metabolism produced by bony and non-bony injury, with notes on certain abnormal conditions of bone. The Biochemical journal. 1930;24(4):1244-63.
Tindall SF, Clark RG. The influence of high and low sodium intakes on post-operative antidiuresis. The British journal of surgery. 1981;68(9):639-44.
Wilkinson AW, Billing BH, et al. Excretion of chloride and sodium after surgical operations. Lancet (London, England). 1949;1(6555):640-4.
Wilkinson AW, Billing BH, Nagy G, Stewart CP. Excretion of potassium after partial gastrectomy. Lancet (London, England). 1950;2(6621):135-7.
Lobo DN. Fluid, electrolytes and nutrition: physiological and clinical aspects. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2004;63(3):453-66.
Myburgh JA, Mythen MG. Resuscitation fluids. The New England journal of medicine. 2013;369(13):1243-51.
Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, Annane D, Ball S, Bichet D, et al. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Intensive care medicine. 2014;40(3):320-31.
Sterns RH. Treatment of Severe Hyponatremia. Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN. 2018;13(4):641-9.
Hoorn EJ, Tuut MK, Hoorntje SJ, van Saase JL, Zietse R, Geers AB. Dutch guideline for the management of electrolyte disorders--2012 revision. The Netherlands journal of medicine. 2013;71(3):153-65.
Darmon M, Pichon M, Schwebel C, Ruckly S, Adrie C, Haouache H, et al. Influence of early dysnatremia correction on survival of critically ill patients. Shock (Augusta, Ga). 2014;41(5):394-9.
Colombo MG, Kirchberger I, Amann U, Dinser L, Meisinger C. Association of serum potassium concentration with mortality and ventricular arrhythmias in patients with acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. European journal of preventive cardiology. 2018;25(6):576-95.
Osadchii OE. Mechanisms of hypokalemia-induced ventricular arrhythmogenicity. Fundamental & clinical pharmacology. 2010;24(5):547-59.
. !!! INVALID CITATION !!! {}.
Krogager ML, Søgaard P, Torp-Pedersen C, Bøggild H, Lee CJ-Y, Bonde A, et al. Impact of plasma potassium normalization on short-term mortality in patients with hypertension and hypokalemia or low normal potassium. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2020;20(1):386.
Geerse DA, Bindels AJ, Kuiper MA, Roos AN, Spronk PE, Schultz MJ. Treatment of hypophosphatemia in the intensive care unit: a review. Critical care (London, England). 2010;14(4):R147.
Velissaris D, Karamouzos V, Pierrakos C, Aretha D, Karanikolas M. Hypomagnesemia in Critically Ill Sepsis Patients. Journal of clinical medicine research. 2015;7(12):911-8.
Noormandi A, Khalili H, Mohammadi M, Abdollahi A. Effect of magnesium supplementation on lactate clearance in critically ill patients with severe sepsis: a randomized clinical trial. European journal of clinical pharmacology. 2020;76(2):175-84.
Heidary Z, Khalili H, Mohammadi M, Beigmohammadi MT, Abdollahi A. Effect of Magnesium Loading Dose on Insulin Resistance in Patients With Stress-Induced Hyperglycemia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of intensive care medicine. 2020;35(7):687-93.
Alfonzo A, Harrison A, Baines R, Mann S, Chu A, MacRury M. Renal Association Clinical Practice Guidelines‐Treatment of Acute Hyperkalaemia in Adults. 2020.
Leaf DE, Christov M. Dysregulated Mineral Metabolism in AKI. Seminars in nephrology. 2019;39(1):41-56.
Tan HK, Bellomo R, M'Pis DA, Ronco C. Phosphatemic control during acute renal failure: intermittent hemodialysis versus continuous hemodiafiltration. The International journal of artificial organs. 2001;24(4):186-91.
Swaminathan R. Magnesium metabolism and its disorders. The Clinical biochemist Reviews. 2003;24(2):47-66.
Forsythe RM, Wessel CB, Billiar TR, Angus DC, Rosengart MR. Parenteral calcium for intensive care unit patients. The Cochrane database of systematic reviews. 2008(4):Cd006163.
Malbrain ML, Van Regenmortel N, Owczuk R. It is time to consider the four D's of fluid management. Anaesthesiology intensive therapy. 2015;47 Spec No:s1-5.
Rhodes A, Evans LE, Alhazzani W, Levy MM, Antonelli M, Ferrer R, et al. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock: 2016. Intensive care medicine. 2017;43(3):304-77.
Van Regenmortel N, Verbrugghe W, Van den Wyngaert T, Jorens PG. Impact of chloride and strong ion difference on ICU and hospital mortality in a mixed intensive care population. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):91.
Vincent JL, Sakr Y, Sprung CL, Ranieri VM, Reinhart K, Gerlach H, et al. Sepsis in European intensive care units: results of the SOAP study. Critical care medicine. 2006;34(2):344-53.
Jozwiak M, Teboul JL, Anguel N, Persichini R, Silva S, Chemla D, et al. Beneficial hemodynamic effects of prone positioning in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. 2013;188(12):1428-33.
Malbrain M, Van Regenmortel N, Saugel B, De Tavernier B, Van Gaal PJ, Joannes-Boyau O, et al. Principles of fluid management and stewardship in septic shock: it is time to consider the four D's and the four phases of fluid therapy. Ann Intensive Care. 2018;8(1):66.
Hahn RG. Volume kinetics for infusion fluids. Anesthesiology. 2010;113(2):470-81.
HAHN RG, BAHLMANN H, NILSSON L. Dehydration and fluid volume kinetics before major open abdominal surgery. 2014;58(10):1258-66.
Monnet X, Marik PE, Teboul JL. Prediction of fluid responsiveness: an update. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(1):111.
Benes J, Kirov M, Kuzkov V, Lainscak M, Molnar Z, Voga G, et al. Fluid Therapy: Double-Edged Sword during Critical Care? BioMed research international. 2015;2015:729075.
Malbrain ML, Marik PE, Witters I, Cordemans C, Kirkpatrick AW, Roberts DJ, et al. Fluid overload, de-resuscitation, and outcomes in critically ill or injured patients: a systematic review with suggestions for clinical practice. Anaesthesiology intensive therapy. 2014;46(5):361-80.
Silversides JA, Major E, Ferguson AJ, Mann EE, McAuley DF, Marshall JC, et al. Conservative fluid management or deresuscitation for patients with sepsis or acute respiratory distress syndrome following the resuscitation phase of critical illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Intensive care medicine. 2017;43(2):155-70.
Hoste EA, Maitland K, Brudney CS, Mehta R, Vincent JL, Yates D, et al. Four phases of intravenous fluid therapy: a conceptual model. British journal of anaesthesia. 2014;113(5):740-7.
Malbrain M, Langer T, Annane D, Gattinoni L, Elbers P, Hahn RG, et al. Intravenous fluid therapy in the perioperative and critical care setting: Executive summary of the International Fluid Academy (IFA). Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):64.
Cecconi M, Hofer C, Teboul JL, Pettila V, Wilkman E, Molnar Z, et al. Fluid challenges in intensive care: the FENICE study: A global inception cohort study. Intensive care medicine. 2015;41(9):1529-37.
Vincent JL. "Let's give some fluid and see what happens" versus the "mini-fluid challenge". Anesthesiology. 2011;115(3):455-6.
Perner A, Haase N, Guttormsen AB, Tenhunen J, Klemenzson G, Åneman A, et al. Hydroxyethyl starch 130/0.42 versus Ringer's acetate in severe sepsis. The New England journal of medicine. 2012;367(2):124-34.
Uz Z, Ince C, Guerci P, Ince Y, P. Araujo R, Ergin B, et al. Recruitment of sublingual microcirculation using handheld incident dark field imaging as a routine measurement tool during the postoperative de-escalation phase—a pilot study in post ICU cardiac surgery patients. Perioperative Medicine. 2018;7(1):18.
