Kalp Yetersizliği
Özet
Dünya genelinde milyonlarca insanı etkileyen kalp yetersizliği (KY) aynı zamanda yüksek mortalitesi nedeniyle önemli bir sağlık problemi oluşturmaktadır. Kalp yetersizliğinde son 30 yıldaki medikal ve kardiyak cihaz tedavilerinin kullanıma girmesinin ardından mortalitede önemli azalmalar sağlanmıştır. Bu azalmaya rağmen KY birçok maligniteden daha ölümcül seyretmektedir. Mortalitedeki azalma KY hasta popülasyonunun giderek daha yaşlanmasını, eşlik eden komorbiditelerin artmasını, buna paralel hem yaşam kalitesindeki azalmayı hem de hastaneye yatış sıklığında artışı beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu bölümde yoğun bakım yatışı sırasında KY hastasının takibinden bahsedilecektir.
Heart failure (HF), which affects millions of people around the world, also constitutes an important health problem due to its high mortality. Significant reductions in mortality have been achieved in heart failure following the introduction of medical and cardiac device treatments in the last 30 years. Despite this decrease, HF remains more fatal than many malignancies. The decrease in mortality brings about an aging of the HF patient population, an increase in accompanying comorbidities, and a parallel decrease in quality of life and an increase in the frequency of hospitalization. In this section, follow-up of HF patients during intensive care admission will be discussed.
Referanslar
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-e1032. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
Jackson SL, Tong X, King RJ, et al. National Burden of Heart Failure Events in the United States, 2006 to 2014. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(12) :e004873. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004873.
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159): 1789-1858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res. 2013;113(6): 646-659. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300268
Gerber Y, Weston SA, Redfield MM, et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(6): 996-1004. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924
Barasa A, Schaufelberger M, Lappas G, Swedberg K, Dellborg M, Rosengren A. Heart failure in young adults: 20-year trends in hospitalization, aetiology, and case fatality in Sweden. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(1): 25-32. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht278
Miro O, Garcia Sarasola A, Fuenzalida C, et al. Departments involved during the first episode of acute heart failure and subsequent emergency department revisits and rehospitalisations: an outlook through the NOVICA cohort. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21(10): 1231-1244. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1567.
Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, et al. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J. 2006 ;27(22): 2725-2736. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl193
Crespo-Leiro MG, Anker SD, Maggioni AP et al. Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(6): 613-625. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.566
Maisel A, Mueller C, Nowak R, et al. Mid-region pro-hormone markers for diagnosis and prognosis in acute dyspnea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(19): 2062-2076. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.025
Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(3): 330-337. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi631
Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18(12): 1301-1310. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jex244
Logeart D, Isnard R, Resche-Rigon M, et al. Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in a real-life setting: the OFICA study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(4): 465-476. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs189
Follath F, Yilmaz MB, Delgado JF, et al. Clinical presentation, management and outcomes in the Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment (ALARM-HF). Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(4): 619-626. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-2113-0
Siirilä-Waris K, Lassus J, Melin J, et al. Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(24): 3011-3017. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl407
Chioncel O, Ambrosy AP, Filipescu D, et al. Patterns of intensive care unit admissions in patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the RO-AHFS registry. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2015;16(5):331-340. doi:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000030
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2021 Oct 14;:]. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36): 3599-3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
Möckel M, de Boer RA, Slagman AC, et al. Improve Management of acute heart failure with ProcAlCiTonin in EUrope: results of the randomized clinical trial IMPACT EU Biomarkers in Cardiology (BIC) 18. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(2): 267-275. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1667
Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Harjola VP, et al. Clinical phenotypes and outcome of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(10): 1242-1254. doi:10.1002/ejhf.890
Mullens W, Damman K, Harjola VP, et al. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(2): 137-155. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1369
Thiele H, Ohman EM, de Waha-Thiele S, Zeymer U, Desch S. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: an update 2019. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(32): 2671-2683. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz363
Mebazaa A, Combes A, van Diepen S, et al. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6): 760-773. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5214-9
Harjola VP, Mullens W, Banaszewski M, et al. Organ dysfunction, injury and failure in acute heart failure: from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management. A review on behalf of the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(7): 821-836. doi:10.1002/ejhf.872
Zymliński R, Biegus J, Sokolski M, et al. Increased blood lactate is prevalent and identifies poor prognosis in patients with acute heart failure without overt peripheral hypoperfusion. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(6):1011-1018. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1156
Mullens W, Verbrugge FH, Nijst P, et al. Rationale and design of the ADVOR (Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(11):1591-1600. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1307
Cox ZL, Hung R, Lenihan DJ, Testani JM. Diuretic Strategies for Loop Diuretic Resistance in Acute Heart Failure: The 3T Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(3): 157-168. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2019.09.012
Mirzai S, Kanaan CN, Berglund F, Mountis M, Wassif H. How do we maximize diuresis in acute decompensated heart failure?. Cleve Clin J Med. 2022;89(10): 561-565. Published 2022 Oct 3. doi:10.3949/ccjm.89a.22016.
Rahman R, Paz P, Elmassry M, et al. Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure. Cardiol Rev. 2021;29(2):73-81. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000310
Ul Amin N, Sabir F, Amin T, et al. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Acute Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(12):2356. Published 2022 Nov 23. doi:10.3390/healthcare10122356
Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Filippatos GS, et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(3): 304-311. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfn045
Metra M, Nodari S, D'Aloia A, et al. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(7):1248-1258. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02134-4
De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(9):779-789. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0907118
Levy B, Clere-Jehl R, Legras A, et al. Epinephrine Versus Norepinephrine for Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(2):173-182. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.051
Referanslar
Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2022;145(18):e895-e1032. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001063
Jackson SL, Tong X, King RJ, et al. National Burden of Heart Failure Events in the United States, 2006 to 2014. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(12) :e004873. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.004873.
GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018;392(10159): 1789-1858. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32279-7
Roger VL. Epidemiology of heart failure. Circ Res. 2013;113(6): 646-659. doi:10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300268
Gerber Y, Weston SA, Redfield MM, et al. A contemporary appraisal of the heart failure epidemic in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(6): 996-1004. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2015.0924
Barasa A, Schaufelberger M, Lappas G, Swedberg K, Dellborg M, Rosengren A. Heart failure in young adults: 20-year trends in hospitalization, aetiology, and case fatality in Sweden. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(1): 25-32. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht278
Miro O, Garcia Sarasola A, Fuenzalida C, et al. Departments involved during the first episode of acute heart failure and subsequent emergency department revisits and rehospitalisations: an outlook through the NOVICA cohort. Eur J Heart Fail 2019;21(10): 1231-1244. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1567.
Nieminen MS, Brutsaert D, Dickstein K, et al. EuroHeart Failure Survey II (EHFS II): a survey on hospitalized acute heart failure patients: description of population. Eur Heart J. 2006 ;27(22): 2725-2736. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehl193
Crespo-Leiro MG, Anker SD, Maggioni AP et al. Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European Society of Cardiology Heart Failure Long-Term Registry (ESC-HF-LT): 1-year follow-up outcomes and differences across regions. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18(6): 613-625. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.566
Maisel A, Mueller C, Nowak R, et al. Mid-region pro-hormone markers for diagnosis and prognosis in acute dyspnea: results from the BACH (Biomarkers in Acute Heart Failure) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(19): 2062-2076. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.02.025
Januzzi JL, van Kimmenade R, Lainchbury J, et al. NT-proBNP testing for diagnosis and short-term prognosis in acute destabilized heart failure: an international pooled analysis of 1256 patients: the International Collaborative of NT-proBNP Study. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(3): 330-337. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi631
Galderisi M, Cosyns B, Edvardsen T, et al. Standardization of adult transthoracic echocardiography reporting in agreement with recent chamber quantification, diastolic function, and heart valve disease recommendations: an expert consensus document of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2017;18(12): 1301-1310. doi:10.1093/ehjci/jex244
Logeart D, Isnard R, Resche-Rigon M, et al. Current aspects of the spectrum of acute heart failure syndromes in a real-life setting: the OFICA study. Eur J Heart Fail. 2013;15(4): 465-476. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfs189
Follath F, Yilmaz MB, Delgado JF, et al. Clinical presentation, management and outcomes in the Acute Heart Failure Global Survey of Standard Treatment (ALARM-HF). Intensive Care Med. 2011;37(4): 619-626. doi:10.1007/s00134-010-2113-0
Siirilä-Waris K, Lassus J, Melin J, et al. Characteristics, outcomes, and predictors of 1-year mortality in patients hospitalized for acute heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(24): 3011-3017. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehl407
Chioncel O, Ambrosy AP, Filipescu D, et al. Patterns of intensive care unit admissions in patients hospitalized for heart failure: insights from the RO-AHFS registry. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2015;16(5):331-340. doi:10.2459/JCM.0000000000000030
McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure [published correction appears in Eur Heart J. 2021 Oct 14;:]. Eur Heart J. 2021;42(36): 3599-3726. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368
Möckel M, de Boer RA, Slagman AC, et al. Improve Management of acute heart failure with ProcAlCiTonin in EUrope: results of the randomized clinical trial IMPACT EU Biomarkers in Cardiology (BIC) 18. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22(2): 267-275. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1667
Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Harjola VP, et al. Clinical phenotypes and outcome of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(10): 1242-1254. doi:10.1002/ejhf.890
Mullens W, Damman K, Harjola VP, et al. The use of diuretics in heart failure with congestion - a position statement from the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(2): 137-155. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1369
Thiele H, Ohman EM, de Waha-Thiele S, Zeymer U, Desch S. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction: an update 2019. Eur Heart J. 2019;40(32): 2671-2683. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz363
Mebazaa A, Combes A, van Diepen S, et al. Management of cardiogenic shock complicating myocardial infarction. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(6): 760-773. doi:10.1007/s00134-018-5214-9
Harjola VP, Mullens W, Banaszewski M, et al. Organ dysfunction, injury and failure in acute heart failure: from pathophysiology to diagnosis and management. A review on behalf of the Acute Heart Failure Committee of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(7): 821-836. doi:10.1002/ejhf.872
Zymliński R, Biegus J, Sokolski M, et al. Increased blood lactate is prevalent and identifies poor prognosis in patients with acute heart failure without overt peripheral hypoperfusion. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(6):1011-1018. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1156
Mullens W, Verbrugge FH, Nijst P, et al. Rationale and design of the ADVOR (Acetazolamide in Decompensated Heart Failure with Volume Overload) trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(11):1591-1600. doi:10.1002/ejhf.1307
Cox ZL, Hung R, Lenihan DJ, Testani JM. Diuretic Strategies for Loop Diuretic Resistance in Acute Heart Failure: The 3T Trial. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(3): 157-168. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2019.09.012
Mirzai S, Kanaan CN, Berglund F, Mountis M, Wassif H. How do we maximize diuresis in acute decompensated heart failure?. Cleve Clin J Med. 2022;89(10): 561-565. Published 2022 Oct 3. doi:10.3949/ccjm.89a.22016.
Rahman R, Paz P, Elmassry M, et al. Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure. Cardiol Rev. 2021;29(2):73-81. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000310
Ul Amin N, Sabir F, Amin T, et al. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Acute Heart Failure: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Healthcare (Basel). 2022;10(12):2356. Published 2022 Nov 23. doi:10.3390/healthcare10122356
Mebazaa A, Nieminen MS, Filippatos GS, et al. Levosimendan vs. dobutamine: outcomes for acute heart failure patients on beta-blockers in SURVIVE. Eur J Heart Fail. 2009;11(3): 304-311. doi:10.1093/eurjhf/hfn045
Metra M, Nodari S, D'Aloia A, et al. Beta-blocker therapy influences the hemodynamic response to inotropic agents in patients with heart failure: a randomized comparison of dobutamine and enoximone before and after chronic treatment with metoprolol or carvedilol. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40(7):1248-1258. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(02)02134-4
De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(9):779-789. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0907118
Levy B, Clere-Jehl R, Legras A, et al. Epinephrine Versus Norepinephrine for Cardiogenic Shock After Acute Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72(2):173-182. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.04.051
