Akut Solunum Sıkıntısı Sendromu
Özet
ARDS; YBÜ’lerinde sık görülen, yüksek mortalitesi ve morbiditesi olan bir sendromdur. Akciğer hasarına maladaptif bir cevap olarak tanımlanabilen ARDS lokal ya da sistemik inflamasyon aracılığı ile pek çok enfeksiyöz ve non-enfeksiyöz nedene bağlı olarak tetiklenebilir. Sepsis, pnömoni, gastrik içeriğin aspirasyonu ve travma en yaygın sebepler olarak sıralanabilir. Yakın dönemde tanı için gerekli tetkiklerin azaltılması ve yatakbaşında hızlı tanı konulabilmesi için tanı kriterlerinde değişiklik yapılmıştır. Tedavide ventilasyon yönetimi, pron pozisyonu, kortikosteroid kullanımı, seçilmiş ağır vakalarda ECMO öne çıkmaktadır. ARDS sonrası düzelen hastalarda yeni başlayan ya da kötüleşen fiziksel, kognitif ve psikiyatrik problemlerin sıklıkla izlendiği unutulmamalıdır.
Referanslar
Bos LDJ, Ware LB. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1145-1156.
Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T et al. Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries. JAMA. 2016;315(8):788-800.
Türkoǧlu M, Aygencel G, Sencar ME. Epidemiological Features of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Factors Determining Mortality in These Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit in Turkey. Journal of Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine. 2012;3:19-22.
Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P et al. Comparison of the Berlin definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome with autopsy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(7):761-767.
Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):18.
Ware LB, Matthay MA. Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(6):1376-1383.
Petit M, Jullien E, Vieillard-Baron A. Right Ventricular Function in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Impact on Outcome, Respiratory Strategy and Use of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Front Physiol. 2021;12:797252.
Mart MF, Ware LB. The long-lasting effects of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(6):577-586.
Beitler JR, Malhotra A, Thompson BT. Ventilator-induced Lung Injury. Clin Chest Med. 2016;37(4):633-646.
Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Tortorella C, De Tullio R, Dayer JM, Brienza A, et al. Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeA Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 1999;282(1):54-61.
Bratton DL, Henson PM. Neutrophil clearance: when the party is over, clean-up begins. Trends Immunol. 2011;32(8):350-357.
Hogan BL, Barkauskas CE, Chapman HA, Epstein JA, Jain R, Hsia CC, et al. Repair and regeneration of the respiratory system: complexity, plasticity, and mechanisms of lung stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell. 2014;15(2):123-138.
Kaku S, Nguyen CD, Htet NN, Tutera D, Barr J, Paintal HS, et al. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Summary on Management. J Intensive Care Med. 2020;35(8):723-737.
Kojicic M, Li G, Hanson AC, Lee KM, Thakur L, Vedre J, et al. Risk factors for the development of acute lung injury in patients with infectious pneumonia. Crit Care. 2012;16(2):R46.
Martin TR, Zemans RL, Ware LB et al. New Insights into Clinical and Mechanistic Heterogeneity of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2021. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2022;67(3):284-308.
Lee A, Festic E, Park PK, Raghavendran K, Dabbagh O, Adesanya A, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized following pulmonary aspiration. Chest. 2014;146(4):899-907.
Daher P, Teixeira PG, Coopwood TB et al. Mild to Moderate to Severe: What Drives the Severity of ARDS in Trauma Patients? Am Surg. 2018;84(6):808-812.
Calfee CS, Eisner MD, Ware LB, Thompson BT, Parsons PE, Wheeler AP, et al. Trauma-associated lung injury differs clinically and biologically from acute lung injury due to other clinical disorders. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(10):2243-2250.
Hu L, Wang B, Jiang Y et al. Risk Factors for Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury. Respir Care. 2021;66(6):1029-1038.
Tung JP, Chiaretti S, Dean MM et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Potential pathways of development, strategies for prevention and treatment, and future research directions. Blood Rev. 2022;53:100926.
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149(3 Pt 1):818-824.
Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526-2533.
Arabi Y, Arroliga AC, Bernard GR et al. A New Global Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. D16 ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF ARDS AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE. p. A6229-A6229.
Zimatore C, Pisani L, Lippolis V et al. Accuracy of the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score for the Diagnosis of ARDS. Front Physiol. 2021;12:672823.
Costamagna A, Pivetta E, Goffi A et al. Clinical performance of lung ultrasound in predicting ARDS morphology. Annals of Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):51.
Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308.
Weiss CH, McSparron JI, Chatterjee RS et al. Summary for Clinicians: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(8):1235-1238.
Dianti J, Tisminetzky M, Ferreyro BL et al. Association of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Lung Recruitment Selection Strategies with Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(11):1300-1310.
Serpa Neto A, Deliberato RO, Johnson AEW et al. Mechanical power of ventilation is associated with mortality in critically ill patients: an analysis of patients in two observational cohorts. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(11):1914-1922.
Costa ELV, Slutsky AS, Brochard LJ et al. Ventilatory Variables and Mechanical Power in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(3):303-311.
Gorman EA, O'Kane CM, McAuley DF. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1157-1170.
Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159-2168.
Moss M, Huang DT, Brower RG et al. Early Neuromuscular Blockade in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(21):1997-2008.
Combes A, Peek GJ, Hajage D et al. ECMO for severe ARDS: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(11):2048-2057.
Camporota L, Meadows C, Ledot S et al. Consensus on the referral and admission of patients with severe respiratory failure to the NHS ECMO service. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(2):e16-e17.
Group TWREAfC-TW. Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2020;324(13):1330-1341.
Villar J, Ferrando C, Martínez D et al. Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(3):267-276.
Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(16):1671-1684.
Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matté A et al. Functional disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(14):1293-1304.
Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. ARDS associated acute brain injury: from the lung to the brain. Eur J Med Res. 2022;27(1):150.
Hopkins RO, Weaver LK, Pope D Neuropsychological sequelae and impaired health status in survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(1):50-56.
Brown SM, Wilson EL, Presson AP et al. Understanding patient outcomes after acute respiratory distress syndrome: identifying subtypes of physical, cognitive and mental health outcomes. Thorax. 2017;72(12):1094-1103.
Kamdar BB, Huang M, Dinglas VD et al. Joblessness and Lost Earnings after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a 1-Year National Multicenter Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(8):1012-1020.
Kamdar BB, Sepulveda KA, Chong A et al. Return to work and lost earnings after acute respiratory distress syndrome: a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study of long-term survivors. Thorax. 2018;73(2):125-133.
Dinglas VD, Aronson Friedman L, Colantuoni E et al. Muscle Weakness and 5-Year Survival in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(3):446-453.
Referanslar
Bos LDJ, Ware LB. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: causes, pathophysiology, and phenotypes. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1145-1156.
Bellani G, Laffey JG, Pham T et al. Epidemiology, Patterns of Care, and Mortality for Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Intensive Care Units in 50 Countries. JAMA. 2016;315(8):788-800.
Türkoǧlu M, Aygencel G, Sencar ME. Epidemiological Features of Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Factors Determining Mortality in These Patients in a Medical Intensive Care Unit in Turkey. Journal of Medical and Surgical Intensive Care Medicine. 2012;3:19-22.
Thille AW, Esteban A, Fernández-Segoviano P et al. Comparison of the Berlin definition for acute respiratory distress syndrome with autopsy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013;187(7):761-767.
Matthay MA, Zemans RL, Zimmerman GA et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019;5(1):18.
Ware LB, Matthay MA. Alveolar fluid clearance is impaired in the majority of patients with acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001;163(6):1376-1383.
Petit M, Jullien E, Vieillard-Baron A. Right Ventricular Function in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Impact on Outcome, Respiratory Strategy and Use of Veno-Venous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Front Physiol. 2021;12:797252.
Mart MF, Ware LB. The long-lasting effects of the acute respiratory distress syndrome. Expert Rev Respir Med. 2020;14(6):577-586.
Beitler JR, Malhotra A, Thompson BT. Ventilator-induced Lung Injury. Clin Chest Med. 2016;37(4):633-646.
Ranieri VM, Suter PM, Tortorella C, De Tullio R, Dayer JM, Brienza A, et al. Effect of Mechanical Ventilation on Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Acute Respiratory Distress SyndromeA Randomized Controlled Trial. JAMA. 1999;282(1):54-61.
Bratton DL, Henson PM. Neutrophil clearance: when the party is over, clean-up begins. Trends Immunol. 2011;32(8):350-357.
Hogan BL, Barkauskas CE, Chapman HA, Epstein JA, Jain R, Hsia CC, et al. Repair and regeneration of the respiratory system: complexity, plasticity, and mechanisms of lung stem cell function. Cell Stem Cell. 2014;15(2):123-138.
Kaku S, Nguyen CD, Htet NN, Tutera D, Barr J, Paintal HS, et al. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Summary on Management. J Intensive Care Med. 2020;35(8):723-737.
Kojicic M, Li G, Hanson AC, Lee KM, Thakur L, Vedre J, et al. Risk factors for the development of acute lung injury in patients with infectious pneumonia. Crit Care. 2012;16(2):R46.
Martin TR, Zemans RL, Ware LB et al. New Insights into Clinical and Mechanistic Heterogeneity of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Summary of the Aspen Lung Conference 2021. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol. 2022;67(3):284-308.
Lee A, Festic E, Park PK, Raghavendran K, Dabbagh O, Adesanya A, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of patients hospitalized following pulmonary aspiration. Chest. 2014;146(4):899-907.
Daher P, Teixeira PG, Coopwood TB et al. Mild to Moderate to Severe: What Drives the Severity of ARDS in Trauma Patients? Am Surg. 2018;84(6):808-812.
Calfee CS, Eisner MD, Ware LB, Thompson BT, Parsons PE, Wheeler AP, et al. Trauma-associated lung injury differs clinically and biologically from acute lung injury due to other clinical disorders. Crit Care Med. 2007;35(10):2243-2250.
Hu L, Wang B, Jiang Y et al. Risk Factors for Transfusion-Related Acute Lung Injury. Respir Care. 2021;66(6):1029-1038.
Tung JP, Chiaretti S, Dean MM et al. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (TRALI): Potential pathways of development, strategies for prevention and treatment, and future research directions. Blood Rev. 2022;53:100926.
Bernard GR, Artigas A, Brigham KL et al. The American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Definitions, mechanisms, relevant outcomes, and clinical trial coordination. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1994;149(3 Pt 1):818-824.
Ranieri VM, Rubenfeld GD, Thompson BT et al. Acute respiratory distress syndrome: the Berlin Definition. JAMA. 2012;307(23):2526-2533.
Arabi Y, Arroliga AC, Bernard GR et al. A New Global Definition of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. D16 ADVANCING THE SCIENCE OF ARDS AND ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE. p. A6229-A6229.
Zimatore C, Pisani L, Lippolis V et al. Accuracy of the Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema Score for the Diagnosis of ARDS. Front Physiol. 2021;12:672823.
Costamagna A, Pivetta E, Goffi A et al. Clinical performance of lung ultrasound in predicting ARDS morphology. Annals of Intensive Care. 2021;11(1):51.
Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A et al. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301-1308.
Weiss CH, McSparron JI, Chatterjee RS et al. Summary for Clinicians: Mechanical Ventilation in Adult Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Clinical Practice Guideline. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(8):1235-1238.
Dianti J, Tisminetzky M, Ferreyro BL et al. Association of Positive End-Expiratory Pressure and Lung Recruitment Selection Strategies with Mortality in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2022;205(11):1300-1310.
Serpa Neto A, Deliberato RO, Johnson AEW et al. Mechanical power of ventilation is associated with mortality in critically ill patients: an analysis of patients in two observational cohorts. Intensive Care Med. 2018;44(11):1914-1922.
Costa ELV, Slutsky AS, Brochard LJ et al. Ventilatory Variables and Mechanical Power in Patients with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021;204(3):303-311.
Gorman EA, O'Kane CM, McAuley DF. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in adults: diagnosis, outcomes, long-term sequelae, and management. Lancet. 2022;400(10358):1157-1170.
Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159-2168.
Moss M, Huang DT, Brower RG et al. Early Neuromuscular Blockade in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2019;380(21):1997-2008.
Combes A, Peek GJ, Hajage D et al. ECMO for severe ARDS: systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(11):2048-2057.
Camporota L, Meadows C, Ledot S et al. Consensus on the referral and admission of patients with severe respiratory failure to the NHS ECMO service. Lancet Respir Med. 2021;9(2):e16-e17.
Group TWREAfC-TW. Association Between Administration of Systemic Corticosteroids and Mortality Among Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19: A Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2020;324(13):1330-1341.
Villar J, Ferrando C, Martínez D et al. Dexamethasone treatment for the acute respiratory distress syndrome: a multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(3):267-276.
Steinberg KP, Hudson LD, Goodman RB et al. Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(16):1671-1684.
Herridge MS, Tansey CM, Matté A et al. Functional disability 5 years after acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2011;364(14):1293-1304.
Ziaka M, Exadaktylos A. ARDS associated acute brain injury: from the lung to the brain. Eur J Med Res. 2022;27(1):150.
Hopkins RO, Weaver LK, Pope D Neuropsychological sequelae and impaired health status in survivors of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999;160(1):50-56.
Brown SM, Wilson EL, Presson AP et al. Understanding patient outcomes after acute respiratory distress syndrome: identifying subtypes of physical, cognitive and mental health outcomes. Thorax. 2017;72(12):1094-1103.
Kamdar BB, Huang M, Dinglas VD et al. Joblessness and Lost Earnings after Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a 1-Year National Multicenter Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(8):1012-1020.
Kamdar BB, Sepulveda KA, Chong A et al. Return to work and lost earnings after acute respiratory distress syndrome: a 5-year prospective, longitudinal study of long-term survivors. Thorax. 2018;73(2):125-133.
Dinglas VD, Aronson Friedman L, Colantuoni E et al. Muscle Weakness and 5-Year Survival in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Survivors. Crit Care Med. 2017;45(3):446-453.
