Kariyer Şiddeti (Career Violence)
Özet
Bu kitap bölümü, çalışanların kariyer yolculuklarında karşılaştıkları engelleri ve sosyal dinamikleri detaylı bir şekilde ele alarak, bu zorlukların hem bireysel hem de kurumsal düzeyde nasıl anlaşılması ve ele alınması gerektiğini tartışmaktadır. Özellikle yapışkan zemin, cam tavan, çifte açmaz, tiara sendromu, imposter sendromu, ay ışığı fenomeni, sızdıran boru ve kraliçe arı sendromu gibi kavramlar üzerinden hem kadınların hem de erkeklerin çalışanların iş hayatındaki cinsiyetçi engeller ve stereotipler detaylandırılarak incelenmiştir. Bu kavramlar, özellikle kadınların üst düzey pozisyonlara erişimlerini engelleyen yapısal ve davranışsal faktörleri ortaya koymakta ve kadınların kariyer gelişimlerindeki zorluklarına ve yaşadıkları kariyer şiddetine dikkat çekmektedir.
Bu bölüm, ayrıca hemşirelik mesleği bağlamında kadınların iş hayatındaki zorluklara farkındalığını artırmaktadır. Hemşirelik alanındaki cinsiyetçi uygulamalar ve engellerin, kadın hemşirelerin kariyer yollarını nasıl etkilediği üzerinde derinlemesine durulmuştur. Bu kapsamlı analiz hem bireysel hem de kurumsal düzeyde çalışanların kariyer engellerini anlamak ve ele almak için önemli bir kaynak sunmaktadır.
This book chapter elaborates on the obstacles and social dynamics that employees face in their career journeys and discusses how these challenges should be understood and addressed at both the individual and institutional levels. Sexist obstacles and stereotypes in the working life of employees have been examined in detail, especially through concepts such as sticky floor, glass ceiling, double bind, tiara syndrome, imposter syndrome, moonlight phenomenon, leaky pipe, and queen bee syndrome. These concepts reveal the structural and behavioral factors that prevent women from accessing senior positions and draw attention to the difficulties of both women and men in their career development and the career violence they experience.
This chapter also raises women's awareness of the challenges in business life in the context of the nursing profession. It focused in depth on how sexist practices and barriers in the field of nursing affect the career paths of female nurses. This comprehensive analysis provides an important resource for understanding and addressing employee career barriers at both the individual and organizational levels.
Referanslar
Parnell MK, Lease SH, Green ML. Perceived career barriers for gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Journal of Career Development; 2012;39(3): 248-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845310386
Raque‐Bogdan TL, Klingaman EA, Martin HM, et al. Career‐related parent support and career barriers: An investigation of contextual variables. The Career Development Quarterly; 2013;61(4): 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2013.00060.x
Twomey JC, Meadus R. Men nurses in Atlantic Canada: Career choice, barriers, and satisfaction. The Journal of Men’s Studies; 2016; 24(1): 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/106082651562441
Aymans SC, Kortsch T, Kauffeld S. Gender and career optimism—The effects of gender‐specific perceptions of lecturer support, career barriers and self‐efficacy on career optimism. Higher Education Quarterly; 2020;74(3): 273-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12238
Karcıoğlu F, Leblebici Y. Career barrıers ın women managers: An application on “glass ceiling syndrome”. Atatürk University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences; 2014;28(4).
Katkat-Özçelik M. Çalışma hayatında kadının yeri ve kariyer gelişim engelleri. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi; 2017;52(5): 49-70.
Başaran F, Köşgeroğlu N. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yansımaları. Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi; 2020;9(3): 293–299. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.734808
Debebe G. Navigating the double bind: Transformations to balance contextual responsiveness and authenticity in women’s leadership development. Cogent Business & Management; 2017;4: 1313543. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1313543
Chang HY, Chu TL, Liao YN, et al. How do career barriers and supports impact nurse professional commitment and professional turnover intention? Journal of nursing management; 2019;27(2): 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12674
Karatuzla M. Türkiye’de kariyer planlama ve geliştirmeye dayalı hemşirelik araştırmalarının incelenmesi. Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Eğitimi Dergisi; 2020;4(1): 8-13.
Ofosu, H. How to be Resilient in Your Career: Facing Up to Barriers at Work. Taylor & Francis; 2023.
London M. Career barriers: How people experience, overcome, and avoid failure. New York: Psychology Press; 2014.
Anafarta N, Sarvan F, Yapıcı N. Konaklama işletmelerinde kadın yöneticilerin cam tavan algısı: Antalya ilinde bir araştırma. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi; 2008;15: 111-37.
Kahraman F, Kahraman G. Hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin algılanan kariyer engellerinin belirlenmesi. Türk Fen ve Sağlık Dergisi; 2020;1(1): 1-13.
Sasa RI. Male nurse: A concept analysis. In Nursing forum; 2019;54(4): 593-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12374
Gönç T. Türkiye’de Erkek Hemşire Olmak: Avantajlar ve Dezavantajlar*. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi; 2017;72 (1): 35-76.
Karlsen H. Gender and ethnic differences in occupational positions and earnings among nurses and engineers in Norway: identical educational choices, unequal outcomes. Work, Employment & Society; 2012;26(2): 278–295.
Zhu P, Wu Q, Liu X, et al. Gender bias and the lack of equity in pandemic nursing in China: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 2021;18(19): 10273. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910273
Türkmen B, Eskin-Bacaksiz F. Does the glass elevator still work: A descriptive and cross‐sectional study in the context of gender in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Management (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.); 2022;29(5): 1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13266
Brandford A, Brandford-Stevenson A. Going Up! Exploring the Phenomenon of the Glass Escalator in Nursing. Nursing Administration Quarterly; 2021;45(4): 295–301.
Dill JS, Price-Glynn K, Rakovski C. Does The “Glass Escalator” Compensate For The Devaluatıon Of Care Work Occupatıons? The Careers of Men in Low- and Middle-Skill Health Care Jobs. Gender and Society; 2016;30(2): 334–360.
Mondal JD. Inequalities at Workplace: The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon the Present Scenario and Factors Intrinsic to It. National Journal of Management and Technology; 2016;6: 36-43.
Woolnough H, Fielden S, Crozier S, et al. A longitudinal investigation of the glass-ceiling in nursing. Journal of Managerial Psychology; 2019;34(2): 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-02-2018-0093
Sobczak A. The Queen Bee Syndrome. The paradox of women discrimination on the labour market, Journal of Gender and Power; 2018;9(1): 51-61. https://doi.org/10.14746/jgp.2018.9.005
Cohen JR, Dalton DW, Holder-Webb LL, et al. “An Analysis of Glass Ceiling Perceptions in the Accounting Profession.” Journal of Business Ethics; 2020;164(1): 17–38. doi:10.1007/s10551-018-4054-4.
İmadoğlu T, Kurşuncu RS, Çavuş MF. The Effect of Glass Ceiling Syndrome on Women’s Career Barriers in Management and Job Motivation. Holistica; 2020;11(2): 85–99. https://doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0021
Weidenfeller NK. Breaking through the glass wall: the experience of being a woman enterprise leader. Human Resource Development International; 2012;15: 365- 374.
Moschkovich M. Beyond the Academic Glass Ceiling: Notes on the Situation of Women Professors in Brazil. Springer International Publishing; 2017;17: 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42436-1_15
Jennifer VEB, Paul ESC, Gabrielle MF, et al. From the sticky floor to the glass ceiling and everything in between: protocol for a systematic review of barriers and facilitators to clinical academic careers and interventions to address these, with a focus on gender inequality. Systematic Reviews; 2020;9(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-1286-z
Akyıldız S. Cam Tavan Sendromu ve Cam Tavan Konulu Yayınların Web Of Science Veri Tabanına Dayalı Bibliyometrik Analizi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Yönetim ve Organizasyon Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli-Türkiye; 2021.
Ribeiras R. Women in cardiology: Between the “glass ceiling” and the “sticky floor.” Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia; 2021;40(7): 505–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2021.05.001
Avinno F. Analysing the glass ceiling and sticky floor effects in Bangladesh: evidence, extent and elements. SN Business & Economics; 2021;1(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-021-00123-z
Kıroğlu-Bayat İ, Baykal-Parıldar B. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığının Yarattığı Engeller: Çalışma Yaşamında Varolmaya Çalışan Kadın. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi; 2021;23(3): 745-762.
Hoffman A, Musch J. Prejudice against Women Leaders: Insights from an Indirect Questioning Approach. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research; 2019;80(11–12): 681–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0969-6
Agrawal T. Are There Glass-Ceiling and Sticky-Floor Effects in India? An Empirical Examination. Oxford Development Studies; 2013;41(3): 322–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2013.804499
Rizvi-Jafree S, Zakar R, Zakar MZ. Gender segregation as a benefit a qualitative study from Pakistan. Journal of Nursing Management; 2014;23(8): 983–993. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12244
Popper-Giveon A, Keshet Y, Liberman I. Increasing gender and ethnic diversity in the health care workforce: The case of Arab male nurses in Israel. Nursıng Outlook; 2015;63(6): 680–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2015.08.001
Smith BW, Rojo, J, Everett B, et al. Professional success of men in the nursing workforce: An integrative review. Journal Of Nursıng Management; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13445
Sabharwal M. From Glass Ceiling to Glass Cliff: Women in Senior Executive Service. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART; 2015;25(2): 399–426. https://doi.org/10.2307/24484973
Yıldız S. Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Şirketlere Yansımasında Ortaya Çıkan Ayrımcılık Kavramlarının Ardılları Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi; 2017;18(1): 121-138.
Yıldız S, Sakal Ö, Alhas F, et al. Cam Uçurum Algısı: Kafkas Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Arasında Bir Araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi; 2019;6(2).
Yılmaz, S.E. Eğitim Kurumlarındaki Kadınların İdari Pozisyonlarda Başarısızlık Algısını Yaratan Engeller Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi; 2020;29(3): 310-333.
Yaghi A. Glass Cliff or Glass Prison: Think Evil-Think Men in Organizational Leadership. International Journal of Public Administration; 2018;41(12): 998–1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1317800
Krishnan N, Hattersley J, Higgins R, et al. Glass slippers and glass cliffs: Fitting in and falling off. Transplantation; 2019;103(7): 1486–1493. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000002603
Alhas F. Geçmişten Günümüze Kadar Kadın Yöneticilere Konulan Kariyer Engelleri. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi; 2021;8(2): 62-77.
Nayee B. Where Breaking Glass Ceilings Leads to Glass Walls: Gender-Disparate Managerial Decision-Making Power and Authority. Fordham Law Review; 2018;87(1): 371-404.
Ayoğlu H, Baraz BA. Kadın Çalışanların Kariyer Engelleri: Eskişehir’de Bir Araştırma*. Selçuk Ün. Sos. Bil. Ens. Dergisi; 2020;44: 13-27.
Nasser S. Boxed Women in Public Administration- Between Glass Ceilings and Glass Walls: A Study of Women's Participation in Public Administration in the Arab States. Journal of international women's studies; 2018;19(3): 152-171.
Samuelson HL, Levine BR, Barth SE, et al. Exploring women’s leadership labyrinth: Effects of hiring and developmental opportunities on gender stratification. The Leadership Quarterly; 2019;30(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101314
Reis TC, Grady ML. Women as University Presidents: Navigating the Administrative Labyrinth; 2018.
Williams CL. The Glass Escalator, Revısıted: Gender Inequality in Neoliberal Times, SWS Feminist Lecturer. Gender and Society; 2013;27(5): 609–629.
Deschacht N, De Pauw AS, Baert S. Do gender differences in career aspirations contribute to sticky floors? International Journal of Manpower; 2017;38(4): 580–593. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2015-0171
Greenberg CC. Association for Academic Surgery presidential address: sticky floors and glass ceilings. Journal of Surgical Research; 2017;219: ix–xviii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.006
Madaan V, Pradhan P. Impact of Double Bind & Promotional Paradox on Work Performance of Women. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations; 2017; 53(1): 129–140.
Fernandez WD, Burnett MF, Gomez CB. Women in the boardroom and corporate social performance: negotiating the double bind. Management Decision; 2018;57(9): 2201–2222. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0738
Varghese L, Lindeman MIH, Finkelstein L. Dodging the double bind: the role of warmth and competence on the relationship between interview communication styles and perceptions of women’s hirability. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology; 2018;27(4): 418–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1463989
Vachon CJ. Tiaras, Queen Bees, Impostors and the Board Room: Lean In & Women in Corporate Governance. Journal of Business & Technology Law; 2014;9(2): 279–292.
Hurst G. What’s really holding women back at work? It’s “tiara syndrome.” Times, The (United Kingdom); 2013;22.
Bhama AR, Ritz EM, Anand RJ, et al. Imposter Syndrome in Surgical Trainees: Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale Assessment in General Surgery Residents. Journal of the American College of Surgeons; 2021;233(5): 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.07.681
Freeman J, Peisah C. Imposter syndrome in doctors beyond training: a narrative review. Australasıan Psychıatry; 2021. 10398562211036120. https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562211036121
Shill-Russell C, Russell RC, Daines B, et al. Imposter Syndrome Relation to Gender Across Osteopathic Medical Schools. Medical Science Educator; 2022;1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01489-3
Gresham-Dolby C. Imposter syndrome: An opportunity to positively influence mentees. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning; 2022;14(2): 130–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2021.11.019
Ramsey JL, Spencer AL. Interns and imposter syndrome: proactively addressing resilience. Medical Education; 2019;53(5): 504–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13852
Clance PR, Imes SA. The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychother Theory Res Pract; 1978;15:241e247.
Aubeeluck A, Stacey G, Stupple EJN. Do graduate entry nursing student’s experience ‘Imposter Phenomenon’?: An issue for debate. Nurse Education in Practice; 2016;19: 104–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.06.003
Aktaş K. Genel Anlamda Kariyer ve Kariyer Sorunları. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri Dergisi; 2015;1: 26-36.
Bouwhuis S, De Wind A, De Kruif A, et al. Experiences with multiple job holding: a qualitative study among Dutch older workers. BMC Public Health; 2018;18(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5841-7
Amde WK, Sanders D, Lehmann U, et al. Exploring multiple job holding practices of academics in public health training institutions from three sub-Saharan Africa countries: drivers, impact, and regulation. Global Health Action; 2018;11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1491119
Vedastus LT, Nkwama, S. Moonlighting among teachers in urban Tanzania: A survey of public primary schools in Ilala District. Cogent Education; 2017;4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1334434
Alhas F. Ataerkil Kültürün ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin Bir Sonucu: Cam Uçurum. Türkiye Mesleki ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi; 2020;2(4): 83-95. 10.46236/jovosst.812343
Yuan B, Lan J, Li J. Understanding the health outcomes of the work pattern transformation in the age of gig economy: an investigation of the association between multiple-job holding and health status in the United States and China. International Archives Of Occupational And Environmental Health; 2022;95(3): 737–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01799-4
Russo G, Fronteira I, Jesus TS, et al. Understanding nurses' dual practice: a scoping review of what we know and what we still need to ask on nurses holding multiple jobs. Human resources for health; 2018;16(1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0276-x
Almukhambetova A, Torrano DH, Nam A. Fixing the Leaky Pipeline for Talented Women in STEM. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education; 2021;1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-021-10239-1
Kusurkar RA. The leaky pipeline of publications and knowledge generation in medical education. Perspectives on Medical Education; 2022;1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-022-00700-4
Sin-Ning C Liu, Stephanie EV Brown, Isaac E Sabat. Patching the “Leaky Pipeline”: Interventions for Women of Color Faculty in STEM Academia. Archives of Scientific Psychology; 2019;7(1): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000062
Buckles K. Fixing the Leaky Pipeline : Strategies for Making Economics Work for Women at Every Stage. The Journal of Economic Perspectives; 2019;33(1): 43–60.
Stadler DJ, Halah I, Cofrancesco JJr, et al. Fixing the leaky pipeline: Tips to promote gender equity in Academic Medicine. The Asia Pacific Scholar; 2021;6(4): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.29060/TAPS.2021-6-4/GP2451
Webster TL, Honeycutt KJ, Becker BJ, et al. Fix Your Leaky Pipeline: Support Women in Pursuit of Advanced Degrees. Medical Science Educator; 2021;31(2): 795–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01184-9
Lee YI. The leaky pipeline and sacrificial lambs: Gender, candidate nomination, and district assignment in South Korea’s national legislative elections. Electoral Studies; 2019;59: 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.02.004
Bennett MP, Lovan S, Smith M, et al. Nursing’s leaky pipeline: Barriers to a diverse nursing workforce. Journal of Professional Nursing; 2021;37(2): 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.05.002
Tavris C, Staines G, Jayaratne TE. The queen bee syndrome. Psychol. Today; 1973,7: 63–66.
Cibibin C, Leo I. The “Queen Bee Syndrome” in Sports Federations: An Exploratory Investigation of Gender Stereotypes in Italian Female Coaches. Sustainability; 2022;14: 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031596
Erken C. Kadınların İşgücü Piyasasında Karşılaştıkları Engeller ve İŞKUR İçin Öneriler. Yayımlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı Türkiye İş Kurumu Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara- Türkiye; 2020.
Şengul H, Çinar F, Bulut A. The perception of queen bee phenomenon in nurses; Qualitative study in health sector. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice; 2019;22(7): 906–912. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_308_18
Taşdelen-Baş M. Kraliçe Arı Sendromu ve Hemşirelik Mesleği. Turkish Studies- Social; 2020;15(1): 807-815. https://dx.doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.39398
Yaşbay-Kobal H. Kraliçe Arı Fenomeni Bağlamında Özel Sektörde Çalışan Kadınlara Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. Kadem Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi; 2021;7(1): 53-78.
Baykal E, Soyalp E, Yeşil R. Queen bee syndrome: A modern dilemma of working women and its effects on turnover intentions. Springer; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50131-0_9
Johnson Z, Mathur-Helm B. Experiences with Queen Bees: A South African study exploring the reluctance of women executives to promote other women in the workplace. South African Journal of Business Management; 2011;42(4): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v42i4.504
Wuertele R. The Influence Of The Queen Bee Syndrome On The Attitudes, Behaviors, And Emerging Leadership Styles Of The Millennials. Mater Thesis. University of Applied Sciences Master Program, Marketing and Sales Linnaeus University Kalmar Master Program Leadership And Management in International; 2017.
Çiçek-Korkmaz A, Altuntaş S. Queen Bee Syndrome in Academia: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Women Academic Nurses’ Perceptions and Influential Factors. Journal of Management and Economics Research; 2023;21(4): 115-132. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1359356
Fettahlıoğlu ÖO, Alkış-Dedeoğlu A. Yengeç Sepeti Sendromu ve Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Journal of International Social Research; 2021; 14(77).
Uzum B, Ozdemir Y, Kose S, et al. Crab in barrel syndrome: Looking through the lens of type A and type B personality theory and social comparison process. Frontiers in Psychology; 2022;13: 792137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792137
Üzüm B, Özkan O. Understanding Supervisor’s Crab Syndrome in the Private Security Sector: A Mediation Model. Istanbul Business Research; 2023; 52(2): 361-380. 10.26650/ibr.2023.52.1102975
Caples C. Does the “crabs in bucket syndrome” still exist 2016. (27/11/23 tarihinde https://medium.com/@CEOCaples/does-the-crabs-in-a-bucket-syndrome-still-exist-written-by-derrick-ceo-caples-4b823b2297ff adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Aydın GZ, Oğuzhan G. The “crabs in a bucket” mentality in healthcare personnel: a phenomenological study. Hitit University Journal of Social Sciences Institute; 2019;12(2): 618-630. https://doi.org 10.17218/hititsosbil.628375
Kanter RM. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books; 1977.
Cho Y, Kim S, You J, et al. How South Korean women leaders respond to their token status: assimilation and resistance. Human Resource Development International; 2021;24(4): 377–400.
Kurt-Yilmaz B, Surgevil-Dalkilic O. Cinsiyete dayalı tokenizm: Kadın egemen ve erkek egemen meslekler üzerinde nitel bir araştırma. Istanbul Management Journal; 2020;88: 85-125. http://doi.org/10.26650/imj.2020.88.0004
İşci N. Nedensel yükleme kuramı doğrultusunda verilen eğitimin hemşirelerin kariyer engelleri ve nedensel yüklemeleri üzerine etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı. Doktora Tezi: İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya-Türkiye; 2020.
Alaçam B, Altuntaş S. Kadın akademisyenlerin kariyer engelleri ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi; 2015;2(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5222/SHYD.2015.001
Ulaş Ö, Kızıldağ S. Kariyer engelleri ölçeği’nin (KEÖ) geliştirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi; 2019; 34(1): 182-196. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2018037395
Sürücü M. Mesleki seçim hedeflerinin kariyer engelleri ve sosyal bilişsel değişkenler tarafından yordanmasına ilişkin bir model sınaması. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara-Türkiye; 2011.
McWhirter E H. Perceived barriers to education and career: Ethnic and gender differences. Journal of Vocational Behavior; 1997;50(1): 124-140.
Kalafat T. Algılanan Kariyer Engelleri (AKE) Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama Çalışması. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi; 2019; 2(2): 103-124.
Şimşek Ş, İğdeli S, Çelikkaleli Ö. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kaynaklı Kariyer Engelleri Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi; 2021; 5(8): 56-68.
Referanslar
Parnell MK, Lease SH, Green ML. Perceived career barriers for gay, lesbian, and bisexual individuals. Journal of Career Development; 2012;39(3): 248-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845310386
Raque‐Bogdan TL, Klingaman EA, Martin HM, et al. Career‐related parent support and career barriers: An investigation of contextual variables. The Career Development Quarterly; 2013;61(4): 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2013.00060.x
Twomey JC, Meadus R. Men nurses in Atlantic Canada: Career choice, barriers, and satisfaction. The Journal of Men’s Studies; 2016; 24(1): 78-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/106082651562441
Aymans SC, Kortsch T, Kauffeld S. Gender and career optimism—The effects of gender‐specific perceptions of lecturer support, career barriers and self‐efficacy on career optimism. Higher Education Quarterly; 2020;74(3): 273-289. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12238
Karcıoğlu F, Leblebici Y. Career barrıers ın women managers: An application on “glass ceiling syndrome”. Atatürk University Journal of Economic and Administrative Sciences; 2014;28(4).
Katkat-Özçelik M. Çalışma hayatında kadının yeri ve kariyer gelişim engelleri. Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi; 2017;52(5): 49-70.
Başaran F, Köşgeroğlu N. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yansımaları. Gümüshane Üniversitesi Saglik Bilimleri Dergisi; 2020;9(3): 293–299. https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.734808
Debebe G. Navigating the double bind: Transformations to balance contextual responsiveness and authenticity in women’s leadership development. Cogent Business & Management; 2017;4: 1313543. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2017.1313543
Chang HY, Chu TL, Liao YN, et al. How do career barriers and supports impact nurse professional commitment and professional turnover intention? Journal of nursing management; 2019;27(2): 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12674
Karatuzla M. Türkiye’de kariyer planlama ve geliştirmeye dayalı hemşirelik araştırmalarının incelenmesi. Sağlık Hizmetleri ve Eğitimi Dergisi; 2020;4(1): 8-13.
Ofosu, H. How to be Resilient in Your Career: Facing Up to Barriers at Work. Taylor & Francis; 2023.
London M. Career barriers: How people experience, overcome, and avoid failure. New York: Psychology Press; 2014.
Anafarta N, Sarvan F, Yapıcı N. Konaklama işletmelerinde kadın yöneticilerin cam tavan algısı: Antalya ilinde bir araştırma. Akdeniz İ.İ.B.F. Dergisi; 2008;15: 111-37.
Kahraman F, Kahraman G. Hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin algılanan kariyer engellerinin belirlenmesi. Türk Fen ve Sağlık Dergisi; 2020;1(1): 1-13.
Sasa RI. Male nurse: A concept analysis. In Nursing forum; 2019;54(4): 593-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/nuf.12374
Gönç T. Türkiye’de Erkek Hemşire Olmak: Avantajlar ve Dezavantajlar*. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi; 2017;72 (1): 35-76.
Karlsen H. Gender and ethnic differences in occupational positions and earnings among nurses and engineers in Norway: identical educational choices, unequal outcomes. Work, Employment & Society; 2012;26(2): 278–295.
Zhu P, Wu Q, Liu X, et al. Gender bias and the lack of equity in pandemic nursing in China: A qualitative study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health; 2021;18(19): 10273. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910273
Türkmen B, Eskin-Bacaksiz F. Does the glass elevator still work: A descriptive and cross‐sectional study in the context of gender in Turkey. Journal of Nursing Management (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.); 2022;29(5): 1275–1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13266
Brandford A, Brandford-Stevenson A. Going Up! Exploring the Phenomenon of the Glass Escalator in Nursing. Nursing Administration Quarterly; 2021;45(4): 295–301.
Dill JS, Price-Glynn K, Rakovski C. Does The “Glass Escalator” Compensate For The Devaluatıon Of Care Work Occupatıons? The Careers of Men in Low- and Middle-Skill Health Care Jobs. Gender and Society; 2016;30(2): 334–360.
Mondal JD. Inequalities at Workplace: The Glass Ceiling Phenomenon the Present Scenario and Factors Intrinsic to It. National Journal of Management and Technology; 2016;6: 36-43.
Woolnough H, Fielden S, Crozier S, et al. A longitudinal investigation of the glass-ceiling in nursing. Journal of Managerial Psychology; 2019;34(2): 96–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-02-2018-0093
Sobczak A. The Queen Bee Syndrome. The paradox of women discrimination on the labour market, Journal of Gender and Power; 2018;9(1): 51-61. https://doi.org/10.14746/jgp.2018.9.005
Cohen JR, Dalton DW, Holder-Webb LL, et al. “An Analysis of Glass Ceiling Perceptions in the Accounting Profession.” Journal of Business Ethics; 2020;164(1): 17–38. doi:10.1007/s10551-018-4054-4.
İmadoğlu T, Kurşuncu RS, Çavuş MF. The Effect of Glass Ceiling Syndrome on Women’s Career Barriers in Management and Job Motivation. Holistica; 2020;11(2): 85–99. https://doi.org/10.2478/hjbpa-2020-0021
Weidenfeller NK. Breaking through the glass wall: the experience of being a woman enterprise leader. Human Resource Development International; 2012;15: 365- 374.
Moschkovich M. Beyond the Academic Glass Ceiling: Notes on the Situation of Women Professors in Brazil. Springer International Publishing; 2017;17: 291-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42436-1_15
Jennifer VEB, Paul ESC, Gabrielle MF, et al. From the sticky floor to the glass ceiling and everything in between: protocol for a systematic review of barriers and facilitators to clinical academic careers and interventions to address these, with a focus on gender inequality. Systematic Reviews; 2020;9(1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13643-020-1286-z
Akyıldız S. Cam Tavan Sendromu ve Cam Tavan Konulu Yayınların Web Of Science Veri Tabanına Dayalı Bibliyometrik Analizi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü İşletme Anabilim Dalı Yönetim ve Organizasyon Bilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Kocaeli-Türkiye; 2021.
Ribeiras R. Women in cardiology: Between the “glass ceiling” and the “sticky floor.” Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia; 2021;40(7): 505–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.repc.2021.05.001
Avinno F. Analysing the glass ceiling and sticky floor effects in Bangladesh: evidence, extent and elements. SN Business & Economics; 2021;1(9). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43546-021-00123-z
Kıroğlu-Bayat İ, Baykal-Parıldar B. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Ayrımcılığının Yarattığı Engeller: Çalışma Yaşamında Varolmaya Çalışan Kadın. Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi; 2021;23(3): 745-762.
Hoffman A, Musch J. Prejudice against Women Leaders: Insights from an Indirect Questioning Approach. Sex Roles: A Journal of Research; 2019;80(11–12): 681–692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0969-6
Agrawal T. Are There Glass-Ceiling and Sticky-Floor Effects in India? An Empirical Examination. Oxford Development Studies; 2013;41(3): 322–342. https://doi.org/10.1080/13600818.2013.804499
Rizvi-Jafree S, Zakar R, Zakar MZ. Gender segregation as a benefit a qualitative study from Pakistan. Journal of Nursing Management; 2014;23(8): 983–993. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.12244
Popper-Giveon A, Keshet Y, Liberman I. Increasing gender and ethnic diversity in the health care workforce: The case of Arab male nurses in Israel. Nursıng Outlook; 2015;63(6): 680–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.outlook.2015.08.001
Smith BW, Rojo, J, Everett B, et al. Professional success of men in the nursing workforce: An integrative review. Journal Of Nursıng Management; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13445
Sabharwal M. From Glass Ceiling to Glass Cliff: Women in Senior Executive Service. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory: J-PART; 2015;25(2): 399–426. https://doi.org/10.2307/24484973
Yıldız S. Toplumsal Cinsiyetin Şirketlere Yansımasında Ortaya Çıkan Ayrımcılık Kavramlarının Ardılları Üzerine Bir Model Önerisi. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi; 2017;18(1): 121-138.
Yıldız S, Sakal Ö, Alhas F, et al. Cam Uçurum Algısı: Kafkas Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Arasında Bir Araştırma. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi; 2019;6(2).
Yılmaz, S.E. Eğitim Kurumlarındaki Kadınların İdari Pozisyonlarda Başarısızlık Algısını Yaratan Engeller Üzerine Nitel Bir Araştırma. Ç.Ü. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi; 2020;29(3): 310-333.
Yaghi A. Glass Cliff or Glass Prison: Think Evil-Think Men in Organizational Leadership. International Journal of Public Administration; 2018;41(12): 998–1008. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2017.1317800
Krishnan N, Hattersley J, Higgins R, et al. Glass slippers and glass cliffs: Fitting in and falling off. Transplantation; 2019;103(7): 1486–1493. https://doi.org/10.1097/TP.0000000000002603
Alhas F. Geçmişten Günümüze Kadar Kadın Yöneticilere Konulan Kariyer Engelleri. Aydın Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi; 2021;8(2): 62-77.
Nayee B. Where Breaking Glass Ceilings Leads to Glass Walls: Gender-Disparate Managerial Decision-Making Power and Authority. Fordham Law Review; 2018;87(1): 371-404.
Ayoğlu H, Baraz BA. Kadın Çalışanların Kariyer Engelleri: Eskişehir’de Bir Araştırma*. Selçuk Ün. Sos. Bil. Ens. Dergisi; 2020;44: 13-27.
Nasser S. Boxed Women in Public Administration- Between Glass Ceilings and Glass Walls: A Study of Women's Participation in Public Administration in the Arab States. Journal of international women's studies; 2018;19(3): 152-171.
Samuelson HL, Levine BR, Barth SE, et al. Exploring women’s leadership labyrinth: Effects of hiring and developmental opportunities on gender stratification. The Leadership Quarterly; 2019;30(6). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2019.101314
Reis TC, Grady ML. Women as University Presidents: Navigating the Administrative Labyrinth; 2018.
Williams CL. The Glass Escalator, Revısıted: Gender Inequality in Neoliberal Times, SWS Feminist Lecturer. Gender and Society; 2013;27(5): 609–629.
Deschacht N, De Pauw AS, Baert S. Do gender differences in career aspirations contribute to sticky floors? International Journal of Manpower; 2017;38(4): 580–593. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-10-2015-0171
Greenberg CC. Association for Academic Surgery presidential address: sticky floors and glass ceilings. Journal of Surgical Research; 2017;219: ix–xviii. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2017.09.006
Madaan V, Pradhan P. Impact of Double Bind & Promotional Paradox on Work Performance of Women. Indian Journal of Industrial Relations; 2017; 53(1): 129–140.
Fernandez WD, Burnett MF, Gomez CB. Women in the boardroom and corporate social performance: negotiating the double bind. Management Decision; 2018;57(9): 2201–2222. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-08-2017-0738
Varghese L, Lindeman MIH, Finkelstein L. Dodging the double bind: the role of warmth and competence on the relationship between interview communication styles and perceptions of women’s hirability. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology; 2018;27(4): 418–429. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1463989
Vachon CJ. Tiaras, Queen Bees, Impostors and the Board Room: Lean In & Women in Corporate Governance. Journal of Business & Technology Law; 2014;9(2): 279–292.
Hurst G. What’s really holding women back at work? It’s “tiara syndrome.” Times, The (United Kingdom); 2013;22.
Bhama AR, Ritz EM, Anand RJ, et al. Imposter Syndrome in Surgical Trainees: Clance Imposter Phenomenon Scale Assessment in General Surgery Residents. Journal of the American College of Surgeons; 2021;233(5): 633–638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.07.681
Freeman J, Peisah C. Imposter syndrome in doctors beyond training: a narrative review. Australasıan Psychıatry; 2021. 10398562211036120. https://doi.org/10.1177/10398562211036121
Shill-Russell C, Russell RC, Daines B, et al. Imposter Syndrome Relation to Gender Across Osteopathic Medical Schools. Medical Science Educator; 2022;1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-021-01489-3
Gresham-Dolby C. Imposter syndrome: An opportunity to positively influence mentees. Currents in Pharmacy Teaching & Learning; 2022;14(2): 130–132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2021.11.019
Ramsey JL, Spencer AL. Interns and imposter syndrome: proactively addressing resilience. Medical Education; 2019;53(5): 504–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/medu.13852
Clance PR, Imes SA. The imposter phenomenon in high achieving women: dynamics and therapeutic intervention. Psychother Theory Res Pract; 1978;15:241e247.
Aubeeluck A, Stacey G, Stupple EJN. Do graduate entry nursing student’s experience ‘Imposter Phenomenon’?: An issue for debate. Nurse Education in Practice; 2016;19: 104–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2016.06.003
Aktaş K. Genel Anlamda Kariyer ve Kariyer Sorunları. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Davranış Bilimleri Dergisi; 2015;1: 26-36.
Bouwhuis S, De Wind A, De Kruif A, et al. Experiences with multiple job holding: a qualitative study among Dutch older workers. BMC Public Health; 2018;18(1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-018-5841-7
Amde WK, Sanders D, Lehmann U, et al. Exploring multiple job holding practices of academics in public health training institutions from three sub-Saharan Africa countries: drivers, impact, and regulation. Global Health Action; 2018;11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2018.1491119
Vedastus LT, Nkwama, S. Moonlighting among teachers in urban Tanzania: A survey of public primary schools in Ilala District. Cogent Education; 2017;4(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2017.1334434
Alhas F. Ataerkil Kültürün ve Toplumsal Cinsiyet Eşitsizliğinin Bir Sonucu: Cam Uçurum. Türkiye Mesleki ve Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi; 2020;2(4): 83-95. 10.46236/jovosst.812343
Yuan B, Lan J, Li J. Understanding the health outcomes of the work pattern transformation in the age of gig economy: an investigation of the association between multiple-job holding and health status in the United States and China. International Archives Of Occupational And Environmental Health; 2022;95(3): 737–751. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-021-01799-4
Russo G, Fronteira I, Jesus TS, et al. Understanding nurses' dual practice: a scoping review of what we know and what we still need to ask on nurses holding multiple jobs. Human resources for health; 2018;16(1): 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0276-x
Almukhambetova A, Torrano DH, Nam A. Fixing the Leaky Pipeline for Talented Women in STEM. International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education; 2021;1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10763-021-10239-1
Kusurkar RA. The leaky pipeline of publications and knowledge generation in medical education. Perspectives on Medical Education; 2022;1–3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40037-022-00700-4
Sin-Ning C Liu, Stephanie EV Brown, Isaac E Sabat. Patching the “Leaky Pipeline”: Interventions for Women of Color Faculty in STEM Academia. Archives of Scientific Psychology; 2019;7(1): 32–39. https://doi.org/10.1037/arc0000062
Buckles K. Fixing the Leaky Pipeline : Strategies for Making Economics Work for Women at Every Stage. The Journal of Economic Perspectives; 2019;33(1): 43–60.
Stadler DJ, Halah I, Cofrancesco JJr, et al. Fixing the leaky pipeline: Tips to promote gender equity in Academic Medicine. The Asia Pacific Scholar; 2021;6(4): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.29060/TAPS.2021-6-4/GP2451
Webster TL, Honeycutt KJ, Becker BJ, et al. Fix Your Leaky Pipeline: Support Women in Pursuit of Advanced Degrees. Medical Science Educator; 2021;31(2): 795–804. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-020-01184-9
Lee YI. The leaky pipeline and sacrificial lambs: Gender, candidate nomination, and district assignment in South Korea’s national legislative elections. Electoral Studies; 2019;59: 27–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2019.02.004
Bennett MP, Lovan S, Smith M, et al. Nursing’s leaky pipeline: Barriers to a diverse nursing workforce. Journal of Professional Nursing; 2021;37(2): 441–450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2020.05.002
Tavris C, Staines G, Jayaratne TE. The queen bee syndrome. Psychol. Today; 1973,7: 63–66.
Cibibin C, Leo I. The “Queen Bee Syndrome” in Sports Federations: An Exploratory Investigation of Gender Stereotypes in Italian Female Coaches. Sustainability; 2022;14: 1596. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031596
Erken C. Kadınların İşgücü Piyasasında Karşılaştıkları Engeller ve İŞKUR İçin Öneriler. Yayımlanmamış Uzmanlık Tezi, Aile, Çalışma ve Sosyal Hizmetler Bakanlığı Türkiye İş Kurumu Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara- Türkiye; 2020.
Şengul H, Çinar F, Bulut A. The perception of queen bee phenomenon in nurses; Qualitative study in health sector. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice; 2019;22(7): 906–912. https://doi.org/10.4103/njcp.njcp_308_18
Taşdelen-Baş M. Kraliçe Arı Sendromu ve Hemşirelik Mesleği. Turkish Studies- Social; 2020;15(1): 807-815. https://dx.doi.org/10.29228/TurkishStudies.39398
Yaşbay-Kobal H. Kraliçe Arı Fenomeni Bağlamında Özel Sektörde Çalışan Kadınlara Yönelik Nitel Bir Araştırma. Kadem Kadın Araştırmaları Dergisi; 2021;7(1): 53-78.
Baykal E, Soyalp E, Yeşil R. Queen bee syndrome: A modern dilemma of working women and its effects on turnover intentions. Springer; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50131-0_9
Johnson Z, Mathur-Helm B. Experiences with Queen Bees: A South African study exploring the reluctance of women executives to promote other women in the workplace. South African Journal of Business Management; 2011;42(4): 47–56. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v42i4.504
Wuertele R. The Influence Of The Queen Bee Syndrome On The Attitudes, Behaviors, And Emerging Leadership Styles Of The Millennials. Mater Thesis. University of Applied Sciences Master Program, Marketing and Sales Linnaeus University Kalmar Master Program Leadership And Management in International; 2017.
Çiçek-Korkmaz A, Altuntaş S. Queen Bee Syndrome in Academia: A Cross-sectional Analysis of Women Academic Nurses’ Perceptions and Influential Factors. Journal of Management and Economics Research; 2023;21(4): 115-132. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.1359356
Fettahlıoğlu ÖO, Alkış-Dedeoğlu A. Yengeç Sepeti Sendromu ve Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması. Journal of International Social Research; 2021; 14(77).
Uzum B, Ozdemir Y, Kose S, et al. Crab in barrel syndrome: Looking through the lens of type A and type B personality theory and social comparison process. Frontiers in Psychology; 2022;13: 792137. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792137
Üzüm B, Özkan O. Understanding Supervisor’s Crab Syndrome in the Private Security Sector: A Mediation Model. Istanbul Business Research; 2023; 52(2): 361-380. 10.26650/ibr.2023.52.1102975
Caples C. Does the “crabs in bucket syndrome” still exist 2016. (27/11/23 tarihinde https://medium.com/@CEOCaples/does-the-crabs-in-a-bucket-syndrome-still-exist-written-by-derrick-ceo-caples-4b823b2297ff adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Aydın GZ, Oğuzhan G. The “crabs in a bucket” mentality in healthcare personnel: a phenomenological study. Hitit University Journal of Social Sciences Institute; 2019;12(2): 618-630. https://doi.org 10.17218/hititsosbil.628375
Kanter RM. Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books; 1977.
Cho Y, Kim S, You J, et al. How South Korean women leaders respond to their token status: assimilation and resistance. Human Resource Development International; 2021;24(4): 377–400.
Kurt-Yilmaz B, Surgevil-Dalkilic O. Cinsiyete dayalı tokenizm: Kadın egemen ve erkek egemen meslekler üzerinde nitel bir araştırma. Istanbul Management Journal; 2020;88: 85-125. http://doi.org/10.26650/imj.2020.88.0004
İşci N. Nedensel yükleme kuramı doğrultusunda verilen eğitimin hemşirelerin kariyer engelleri ve nedensel yüklemeleri üzerine etkisi. Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Hemşirelik Anabilim Dalı. Doktora Tezi: İnönü Üniversitesi, Malatya-Türkiye; 2020.
Alaçam B, Altuntaş S. Kadın akademisyenlerin kariyer engelleri ölçeği’nin geliştirilmesi. Sağlık ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi Dergisi; 2015;2(1): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.5222/SHYD.2015.001
Ulaş Ö, Kızıldağ S. Kariyer engelleri ölçeği’nin (KEÖ) geliştirilmesi. Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi; 2019; 34(1): 182-196. doi: 10.16986/HUJE.2018037395
Sürücü M. Mesleki seçim hedeflerinin kariyer engelleri ve sosyal bilişsel değişkenler tarafından yordanmasına ilişkin bir model sınaması. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi. Gazi Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara-Türkiye; 2011.
McWhirter E H. Perceived barriers to education and career: Ethnic and gender differences. Journal of Vocational Behavior; 1997;50(1): 124-140.
Kalafat T. Algılanan Kariyer Engelleri (AKE) Ölçeği’nin Türk Kültürüne Uyarlama Çalışması. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi; 2019; 2(2): 103-124.
Şimşek Ş, İğdeli S, Çelikkaleli Ö. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Kaynaklı Kariyer Engelleri Ölçeği’nin Geliştirilmesi: Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışmaları. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi; 2021; 5(8): 56-68.