Örgütsel Güven (Organizational Trust)
Özet
Güven konusu bireyler ve örgütler açısından önemli bir olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Örgütsel bağlamda ele alındığında, örgütsel yaşamın temel unsurlarından biri olmasının yanı sıra hem bireysel hem de örgütsel sonuçlarından dolayı geçmişten günümüze önemini koruyan bir konudur. Örgütsel güvenin olumlu sonuçlarından yararlanabilmek için de örgütsel güven kavramının ve örgütsel güvenin yapısının detaylı biçimde anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu bağlamda bu kitap bölümünde güven ve örgütsel güven kavramı tanımlanmış ve örgütsel güvenin oluşumuna ilişkin geliştirilen modeller doğrultusunda detaylı kavramsal çerçevesi çizilmiştir. Ayrıca örgütsel güvenin boyutlarıyla birlikte öncülleri ve çıktıları üzerinde durularak önemine dikkat çekilmiştir. Sağlık kurumlarında örgütsel düzeyde güven ortamını destekleyen bir organizasyon yapısı oluşturmanın sağlık ve hemşirelik hizmetlerindeki etkisi ele alınıp, hemşirelik yönetimi açısından irdelenmiştir. Hemşirelerde örgütsel güvenin bazı örgütsel değişkenlerle olan ilişkisini belirlemeye yönelik yapılan araştırma sonuçları da konuya ilişkin teorik bakış açısı kazandırması açısından sunulmuştur. Bu çerçevede bu analiz örgütsel güven kavramını farklı dinamikleriyle ve derinlemesine inceleyen kapsamlı bir kaynak oluşturmaktadır.
Trust is an important phenomenon for individuals and organisations. When considered in the organisational context, it is an issue that has maintained its importance from past to present due to its individual and organisational consequences as well as being one of the basic elements of organisational life. To benefit from the positive results of organizational trust, the concept of organizational trust and the structure of organizational trust should be understood in detail. In this context, the concept of trust and organizational trust is defined in this book chapter and a detailed conceptual framework is drawn in line with the models developed for the formation of organizational trust. In addition, the importance of organizational trust is emphasized by focusing on its antecedents and outcomes along with its dimensions. The impact of creating an organizational structure that supports organizational trust at the organizational level in health institutions on health and nursing services is discussed and examined in terms of nursing management. The results of the research conducted to determine the relationship between organizational trust in nurses and some organizational variables are also presented to provide a theoretical perspective on the subject. In this framework, this analysis constitutes a comprehensive source that examines the concept of organizational trust with all its dynamics and in depth.
Referanslar
Paliszkiewicz J. Inter-organizational trust: Conceptualization and measurement. International Journal of Performance Measurement, 2011;1, 15–28.
Yu MC, Mai Q, Tsai SB, Dai Y. An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 2018;10(3), 864. doi:10.3390/su10030864
Ilyas S, Abid G, Ashfaq F. Ethical leadership in sustainable organizations: The moderating role of general self-efficacy and the mediating role of organizational trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; April, 195-204. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2020.03.003
Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) (2020). http://www.tdk.gov.tr/(Erişim: 25/12/2020).
Mishra A. “Organizational response to crisis”, in Kramer, RM, Tyler TR (Eds), Trust in Organisations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. London: Sage Publications; 1996.
Cummings LL, Bromiley P. The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In RM. Kramer, TR Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. Sage Publications, Inc;1996. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243610.n15
Sadq ZM., Ahmad BS, Sulaiman V, Saeed H, Othman B, Mohammed, HO. The relationship between intellectual capital and organizational trust and its impact on achieving the requirements of entrepreneurship strategy. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020;29(02), 2639-2653.
Chen SY, Wu WC, Chang CS, Lin CT, Kung JY, Weng HC, Lee SI. Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC Health Services Research, 2015;15(1). doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1016-8
Koç H, Yazıcıoğlu İ. Yöneticiye duyulan güven ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki: Kamu ve özel sektör karşılaştırması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 2011;12(1), 46-57.
Tekingündüz S. Örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde örgütsel güven ve iş tatmininin etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir alan çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara;2012.
Tutar PD. Örgütsel Davranış (1. baskı). Sakarya: Detay Yayıncılık;2016.
Altuntaş S. Hemşirelerin örgütsel güven düzeyleri ile kişisel mesleki özellikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişki, Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul;2008.
Thomas GF, Zolin R, Hartman JL. The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and its Effect on Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 2009:46(3), 287-310.
Shockley-Zalabak P, Morreale SP, Hackman MZ. Building the high trust organization: Strategies for supporting five key dimensions of trust. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass;2010.
Guinot J, Chiva R, Mallén F. Organizational trust and performance: Is organizational learning capability a missing link? Journal of Management & Organization, 2013;19, 559-582. doi:10.1017/jmo.2014.3
Somunoğlu İkinci S. Sağlık Kurumlarında Örgütsel Güven, İçinde Çimen M. ve Deniz S. (Eds), Sağlık Kurumları Yönetiminde Örgütsel Davranış Konuları. 3. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım;2019.
Shockley-Zalabak P, Ellis K, Winograd G. Organizational trust: what it means, why it matters, Organization Development Journal, 2000;18(4), 35-48.
Eroğlu ŞG. Çalışanların örgütsel adalet algısının örgütsel güven üzerindeki etkisi. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 2014;1(1),53-66.
Mayer RC, Davıs JH, Schoorman DF. An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust, Academy of Management Review, 1995;20(3), 709-734. doi: 10.2307/258792
Whitener EM, Brodt SE, Korsgaard MA, Werner JM. Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. The Academy of Management Review, 1998;23(3), 513-530. doi:10.2307/259292
Halıcı M, Söyük S, Gün İ. Sağlık çalışanlarında örgütsel güven. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015;13(3):180-98.
Tokgöz E, Aytemiz SO. Örgütsel güven, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişki: Bir devlet hastanesinde araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 2013;10 (39), 61-76.
Caki̇nberk A, Dede N, Yılmaz G. Relationship between organizational trust and organizational silence: An example of public university. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 2014;1 (2), 91-105.
Bobbio A, Bellan M, Manganelli AM. Empowering leadership, perceived organizational support, trust, and job burnout for nurses. Health Care Management Review, 2012;37(1), 77–87. doi:10.1097/hmr.0b013e31822242b2
Chan SHJ, Lai HYI. Understanding the link between communication satisfaction, perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Research, 2017;70, 214-223.
Sodeify R, Habibpour Z. Nurses’ perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research. Enfermería Clínica. 2020; Jul 14:S1130-8621(20)30305-3. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.04.005.
Khatab JJ, Esmaeel ES, Othman B. Dimensions of service marketing mix and and its effects on customer satisfaction: A case study of International Kurdistan Bankin satisfaction: A case study of International Kurdistan Bankin Erbil City Iraq. TEST Engineering & Management, 2019;4846–4855.
Batmantaş H, Örücü E. Örgütsel güven ile sinizm arasındaki ilişki bir uygulama. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2018;18 (36), 198-214. doi: 10.30976/susead.399087
Gün İ, Söyük S. Sağlık kuruluşlarında örgüt iklimi ve örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişki. ACU Sağlık Bilim Dergisi, 2017;1, 40-48
Katha LM, Magleyb VJ, Marmetb M. The role of organizational trust in safety climate’s influence on organizational outcomes. Accid Anal Prev. 2010;42,1488–1497.
Verburg RM, Nienaber AM, Searle RH, Weibel A, Den Hartog DN, Rupp DE. The role of organizational control systems in employees’ organizational trust and performance outcomes. Group & Organization Management, 2017;43(2),179–206. doi:10.1177/1059601117725191
Altuntas S, Baykal U. Relationship between nurses' organizational trust levels and their organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2010;42, 186–194. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01347.x
Şengün H, Söyük S. Organizational trust in hospitals: A Model Study. International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health And Medical Sciences, 2016;18, 97-114.
Bahrami S, Hasanpour M, Rajaeepour S, Aghahosseni T, Hodhodineghad N. The relationship between organizational trust and nurse administrators’ productivity in hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 2012;17 (6), 451-455.
Basit G, Duygulu S. Nurses’ organizational trust and intention to continue working at hospitals in Turkey. Collegian, 2018;25(2), 163–169. doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2017.05.003
Polat Ş, Ay F. Do individual and vocational features affect nurses' job satisfaction and organizational trust levels? Arc Health Sci Res.,2020;7(2), 167-77.
Sung YH, Jeong JH, Park HT, Lee MK. Validity test of K-SKAGOAO for Korean nursing groups and the relationship of nursing group power and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational performance. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 2017;23(1), 110–119.
Kerfoot K. Creating trust. Dermatology Nursing, 1998;10(1),59.
Top M, Akdere M, Tarcan M. Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2014;26(9), 1259–1282. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.939987
Nal M, Sevim E. The intermediary role of work engagement in the effect of paternalist leadership on positive voice behavior. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 2021;12(3), 1130-1140.
Ko Y, Yu S, Jeong SH. Effects of nursing power and organizational trust on nurse’s responsiveness and orientation to patient needs. Nursing Open, 2020;7(6):1–8. doi: 10.1002/nop2.56
Velez P, Strom T. Effects of organizational trust. Organization Development Journal, 2012;30(2), 39–50.
De Jong BA, Dirks KT, Gillespie N. Trust and team performance: A meta-analysis of main effects, moderators, and covariates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2016;101(8), 1134–1150. doi:10.1037/apl0000110
Lin RSJ, Hsiao JK. The relationships between transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, trust and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2014;5(3), 171-174. doi: 10.7763/IJIMT.2014.V5.508
McCabe TJ, Sambrook S. The antecedents, attributes and consequences of trust among nurses and nurse managers: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2014;51(5), 815–827. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.003
Özgür G, Tektaş P. An examination of the correlation between nurses’ organizational trust and burnout levels. Applied Nursing Research, 2018;43, 93–97. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.07.004
Abubakar RA, Chauhan A, Kura KM. Relationship between human resource management practices and employee’s turnover intention among registered nurses in Nigerian public hospitals: The mediating role of organisational trust. Sains Humanika, 2015;5(2), 95–98.
Aly NAEM, El-Shanawany SM. Nurses’organızatıonal trust: Its ımpacts on nurses’ attıtudes towards change in critical care and toxicology units. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 2016;8(4),205-223.
Gholami M, Saki M, Hossein Pour AH. Nurses’ Perception of empowerment and its relationship with organizational commitment and trust in teaching hospitals in Iran. Journal of Nursing Management. 2019;27:1020–1029. doi:10.1111/jonm.12766
Loes CN, Tobin MB. Organizational trust, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment among licensed practical nurses. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 2020;44(2), 179–187. doi:10.1097/naq.0000000000000414
Yücel, PZ. Örgütsel güven ve iş tatmini ilişkisi ve bir araştırma. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi: İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul-Türkiye; 2006.
Çalışkan A. Örgütsel güven. Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Antalya Bilim Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2021;2(1):42-59.
Nyhan RC. ve Marlowe HA. Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust ınventory, Evaluation Review, 1997;21(5), 614-635.
Demircan N. Örgütsel Güvenin Bir Ara Değişken Olarak Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Eğitim Sektöründe Bir Uygulama, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, GYTE, Gebze. 2003.
Tüzün İK. Güven, örgütsel güven ve örgütsel güven modelleri. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2007;(2), 93-118.
Referanslar
Paliszkiewicz J. Inter-organizational trust: Conceptualization and measurement. International Journal of Performance Measurement, 2011;1, 15–28.
Yu MC, Mai Q, Tsai SB, Dai Y. An empirical study on the organizational trust, employee-organization relationship and innovative behavior from the integrated perspective of social exchange and organizational sustainability. Sustainability, 2018;10(3), 864. doi:10.3390/su10030864
Ilyas S, Abid G, Ashfaq F. Ethical leadership in sustainable organizations: The moderating role of general self-efficacy and the mediating role of organizational trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2020; April, 195-204. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2020.03.003
Türk Dil Kurumu (TDK) (2020). http://www.tdk.gov.tr/(Erişim: 25/12/2020).
Mishra A. “Organizational response to crisis”, in Kramer, RM, Tyler TR (Eds), Trust in Organisations: Frontiers of Theory and Research. London: Sage Publications; 1996.
Cummings LL, Bromiley P. The Organizational Trust Inventory (OTI): Development and validation. In RM. Kramer, TR Tyler (Eds.), Trust in organizations: Frontiers of theory and research. Sage Publications, Inc;1996. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452243610.n15
Sadq ZM., Ahmad BS, Sulaiman V, Saeed H, Othman B, Mohammed, HO. The relationship between intellectual capital and organizational trust and its impact on achieving the requirements of entrepreneurship strategy. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 2020;29(02), 2639-2653.
Chen SY, Wu WC, Chang CS, Lin CT, Kung JY, Weng HC, Lee SI. Organizational justice, trust, and identification and their effects on organizational commitment in hospital nursing staff. BMC Health Services Research, 2015;15(1). doi:10.1186/s12913-015-1016-8
Koç H, Yazıcıoğlu İ. Yöneticiye duyulan güven ile iş tatmini arasındaki ilişki: Kamu ve özel sektör karşılaştırması. Doğuş Üniversitesi Dergisi, 2011;12(1), 46-57.
Tekingündüz S. Örgütsel bağlılık üzerinde örgütsel güven ve iş tatmininin etkisinin belirlenmesine yönelik bir alan çalışması. Gazi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yayınlanmamış Doktora Tezi, Ankara;2012.
Tutar PD. Örgütsel Davranış (1. baskı). Sakarya: Detay Yayıncılık;2016.
Altuntaş S. Hemşirelerin örgütsel güven düzeyleri ile kişisel mesleki özellikleri ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışları arasındaki ilişki, Doktora Tezi. İstanbul Üniversitesi. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul;2008.
Thomas GF, Zolin R, Hartman JL. The Central Role of Communication in Developing Trust and its Effect on Employee Involvement. Journal of Business Communication, 2009:46(3), 287-310.
Shockley-Zalabak P, Morreale SP, Hackman MZ. Building the high trust organization: Strategies for supporting five key dimensions of trust. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass;2010.
Guinot J, Chiva R, Mallén F. Organizational trust and performance: Is organizational learning capability a missing link? Journal of Management & Organization, 2013;19, 559-582. doi:10.1017/jmo.2014.3
Somunoğlu İkinci S. Sağlık Kurumlarında Örgütsel Güven, İçinde Çimen M. ve Deniz S. (Eds), Sağlık Kurumları Yönetiminde Örgütsel Davranış Konuları. 3. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım;2019.
Shockley-Zalabak P, Ellis K, Winograd G. Organizational trust: what it means, why it matters, Organization Development Journal, 2000;18(4), 35-48.
Eroğlu ŞG. Çalışanların örgütsel adalet algısının örgütsel güven üzerindeki etkisi. Pamukkale İşletme ve Bilişim Yönetimi Dergisi, 2014;1(1),53-66.
Mayer RC, Davıs JH, Schoorman DF. An Integrative Model of Organizational Trust, Academy of Management Review, 1995;20(3), 709-734. doi: 10.2307/258792
Whitener EM, Brodt SE, Korsgaard MA, Werner JM. Managers as initiators of trust: An exchange relationship framework for understanding managerial trustworthy behavior. The Academy of Management Review, 1998;23(3), 513-530. doi:10.2307/259292
Halıcı M, Söyük S, Gün İ. Sağlık çalışanlarında örgütsel güven. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2015;13(3):180-98.
Tokgöz E, Aytemiz SO. Örgütsel güven, örgütsel özdeşleşme ve örgütsel vatandaşlık davranışı arasındaki ilişki: Bir devlet hastanesinde araştırma. Öneri Dergisi, 2013;10 (39), 61-76.
Caki̇nberk A, Dede N, Yılmaz G. Relationship between organizational trust and organizational silence: An example of public university. Journal of Economics Finance and Accounting, 2014;1 (2), 91-105.
Bobbio A, Bellan M, Manganelli AM. Empowering leadership, perceived organizational support, trust, and job burnout for nurses. Health Care Management Review, 2012;37(1), 77–87. doi:10.1097/hmr.0b013e31822242b2
Chan SHJ, Lai HYI. Understanding the link between communication satisfaction, perceived justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Research, 2017;70, 214-223.
Sodeify R, Habibpour Z. Nurses’ perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research. Enfermería Clínica. 2020; Jul 14:S1130-8621(20)30305-3. doi: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2020.04.005.
Khatab JJ, Esmaeel ES, Othman B. Dimensions of service marketing mix and and its effects on customer satisfaction: A case study of International Kurdistan Bankin satisfaction: A case study of International Kurdistan Bankin Erbil City Iraq. TEST Engineering & Management, 2019;4846–4855.
Batmantaş H, Örücü E. Örgütsel güven ile sinizm arasındaki ilişki bir uygulama. Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2018;18 (36), 198-214. doi: 10.30976/susead.399087
Gün İ, Söyük S. Sağlık kuruluşlarında örgüt iklimi ve örgütsel güven arasındaki ilişki. ACU Sağlık Bilim Dergisi, 2017;1, 40-48
Katha LM, Magleyb VJ, Marmetb M. The role of organizational trust in safety climate’s influence on organizational outcomes. Accid Anal Prev. 2010;42,1488–1497.
Verburg RM, Nienaber AM, Searle RH, Weibel A, Den Hartog DN, Rupp DE. The role of organizational control systems in employees’ organizational trust and performance outcomes. Group & Organization Management, 2017;43(2),179–206. doi:10.1177/1059601117725191
Altuntas S, Baykal U. Relationship between nurses' organizational trust levels and their organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 2010;42, 186–194. doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01347.x
Şengün H, Söyük S. Organizational trust in hospitals: A Model Study. International Refereed Academic Journal of Sports, Health And Medical Sciences, 2016;18, 97-114.
Bahrami S, Hasanpour M, Rajaeepour S, Aghahosseni T, Hodhodineghad N. The relationship between organizational trust and nurse administrators’ productivity in hospitals. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 2012;17 (6), 451-455.
Basit G, Duygulu S. Nurses’ organizational trust and intention to continue working at hospitals in Turkey. Collegian, 2018;25(2), 163–169. doi:10.1016/j.colegn.2017.05.003
Polat Ş, Ay F. Do individual and vocational features affect nurses' job satisfaction and organizational trust levels? Arc Health Sci Res.,2020;7(2), 167-77.
Sung YH, Jeong JH, Park HT, Lee MK. Validity test of K-SKAGOAO for Korean nursing groups and the relationship of nursing group power and job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational performance. Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research, 2017;23(1), 110–119.
Kerfoot K. Creating trust. Dermatology Nursing, 1998;10(1),59.
Top M, Akdere M, Tarcan M. Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 2014;26(9), 1259–1282. doi:10.1080/09585192.2014.939987
Nal M, Sevim E. The intermediary role of work engagement in the effect of paternalist leadership on positive voice behavior. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 2021;12(3), 1130-1140.
Ko Y, Yu S, Jeong SH. Effects of nursing power and organizational trust on nurse’s responsiveness and orientation to patient needs. Nursing Open, 2020;7(6):1–8. doi: 10.1002/nop2.56
Velez P, Strom T. Effects of organizational trust. Organization Development Journal, 2012;30(2), 39–50.
De Jong BA, Dirks KT, Gillespie N. Trust and team performance: A meta-analysis of main effects, moderators, and covariates. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2016;101(8), 1134–1150. doi:10.1037/apl0000110
Lin RSJ, Hsiao JK. The relationships between transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, trust and organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Innovation, Management and Technology, 2014;5(3), 171-174. doi: 10.7763/IJIMT.2014.V5.508
McCabe TJ, Sambrook S. The antecedents, attributes and consequences of trust among nurses and nurse managers: A concept analysis. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 2014;51(5), 815–827. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.10.003
Özgür G, Tektaş P. An examination of the correlation between nurses’ organizational trust and burnout levels. Applied Nursing Research, 2018;43, 93–97. doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2018.07.004
Abubakar RA, Chauhan A, Kura KM. Relationship between human resource management practices and employee’s turnover intention among registered nurses in Nigerian public hospitals: The mediating role of organisational trust. Sains Humanika, 2015;5(2), 95–98.
Aly NAEM, El-Shanawany SM. Nurses’organızatıonal trust: Its ımpacts on nurses’ attıtudes towards change in critical care and toxicology units. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 2016;8(4),205-223.
Gholami M, Saki M, Hossein Pour AH. Nurses’ Perception of empowerment and its relationship with organizational commitment and trust in teaching hospitals in Iran. Journal of Nursing Management. 2019;27:1020–1029. doi:10.1111/jonm.12766
Loes CN, Tobin MB. Organizational trust, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment among licensed practical nurses. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 2020;44(2), 179–187. doi:10.1097/naq.0000000000000414
Yücel, PZ. Örgütsel güven ve iş tatmini ilişkisi ve bir araştırma. Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Yüksek Lisans Tezi: İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul-Türkiye; 2006.
Çalışkan A. Örgütsel güven. Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Antalya Bilim Üniversitesi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2021;2(1):42-59.
Nyhan RC. ve Marlowe HA. Development and psychometric properties of the organizational trust ınventory, Evaluation Review, 1997;21(5), 614-635.
Demircan N. Örgütsel Güvenin Bir Ara Değişken Olarak Örgütsel Bağlılık Üzerindeki Etkisi: Eğitim Sektöründe Bir Uygulama, Yayımlanmamış Doktora Tezi, GYTE, Gebze. 2003.
Tüzün İK. Güven, örgütsel güven ve örgütsel güven modelleri. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2007;(2), 93-118.
