Hipertrofik Kardiyomiyopatide Kardiyak Pacing ve ICD
Özet
Referanslar
Spirito P, Seidman CE, McKenna WJ, Maron BJ. The management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;336(11):775-85.
Vulpian A. Contribution à l’étude des rétrécissements de l’orifice ventriculo-aortique. Arch Physiol. 1868;3:220-2.
Hollman A, Goodwin J, Teare D, Renwick J. A family with obstructive cardiomyopathy (asymmetrical hypertrophy). British Heart Journal. 1960;22(4):449.
Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, et al. 2020 AHA/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(25):e159-e240.
Towbin JA. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2009;32:S23-S31.
Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: clinical spectrum and treatment. Circulation. 1995;92(7):1680-92.
Wigle ED. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2001;86(6):709-14.
Ayoub CM, Mathew JP, Swaminathan M. Clinical manual and review of transesophageal echocardiography: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2010.
Pantazis A, Vischer AS, Perez-Tome MC, Castelletti S. Diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echo Research & Practice. 2015;2(1):R45-R53.
Spirito P, Bellone P, Harris KM, Bernabò P, Bruzzi P, Maron BJ. Magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;342(24):1778-85.
Turer AT, Samad Z, Valente AM, Parker MA, Hayes B, Kim RJ, et al. Anatomic and clinical correlates of septal morphology in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European Journal of Echocardiography. 2011;12(2):131-9.
Ammirati E, Contri R, Coppini R, Cecchi F, Frigerio M, Olivotto I. Pharmacological treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: current practice and novel perspectives. European journal of heart failure. 2016;18(9):1106-18.
Sherrid MV, Gunsburg DZ, Moldenhauer S, Pearle G. Systolic anterior motion begins at low left ventricular outflow tract velocity in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2000;36(4):1344-54.
Maron BJ, Nishimura RA, Danielson GK. Pitfalls in clinical recognition and a novel operative approach for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe outflow obstruction due to anomalous papillary muscle. Circulation. 1998;98(23):2505-8.
Hreybe H, Zahid M, Sonel A, Good CB, Shaver J, Saba S. Noncardiac surgery and the risk of death and other cardiovascular events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clinical Cardiology: An International Indexed and Peer‐Reviewed Journal for Advances in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. 2006;29(2):65-8.
Hang D, Schaff HV, Nishimura RA, Lahr BD, Abel MD, Dearani JA, et al. Accuracy of jet direction on Doppler echocardiography in identifying the etiology of mitral regurgitation in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2019;32(3):333-40.
Chan RH, Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Pencina MJ, Assenza GE, Haas T, et al. Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2014;130(6):484-95.
Olivotto I, Maron BJ, Appelbaum E, Harrigan CJ, Salton C, Gibson CM, et al. Spectrum and clinical significance of systolic function and myocardial fibrosis assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;106(2):261-7.
Patel V, Critoph CH, Finlay MC, Mist B, Lambiase PD, Elliott PM. Heart rate recovery in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2014;113(6):1011-7.
Olivotto I, Maron BJ, Montereggi A, Mazzuoli F, Dolara A, Cecchi F. Prognostic value of systemic blood pressure response during exercise in a community-based patient population with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;33(7):2044-51.
Frenneaux MP, Counihan PJ, Caforio A, Chikamori T, McKenna WJ. Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1990;82(6):1995-2002.
Ho CY, Day SM, Ashley EA, Michels M, Pereira AC, Jacoby D, et al. Genotype and lifetime burden of disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry (SHaRe). Circulation. 2018;138(14):1387-98.
Maron BJ, Rowin EJ, Casey SA, Maron MS. How hypertrophic cardiomyopathy became a contemporary treatable genetic disease with low mortality: shaped by 50 years of clinical research and practice. JAMA cardiology. 2016;1(1):98-105.
Maron BJ. Clinical course and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;379(7):655-68.
Maron MS, Rowin EJ, Wessler BS, Mooney PJ, Fatima A, Patel P, et al. Enhanced American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association strategy for prevention of sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA cardiology. 2019;4(7):644-57.
Elliott PM, Sharma S, Varnava A, Poloniecki J, Rowland E, McKenna WJ. Survival after cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;33(6):1596-601.
O’Mahony C, Jichi F, Ommen SR, Christiaans I, Arbustini E, Garcia-Pavia P, et al. International external validation study of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on sudden cardiac death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (EVIDENCE-HCM). Circulation. 2018;137(10):1015-23.
Bos JM, Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Haas TS, Sorajja P, Nishimura RA, et al. Role of family history of sudden death in risk stratification and prevention of sudden death with implantable defibrillators in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;106(10):1481-6.
Dimitrow PP, Chojnowska L, Rudziński T, Piotrowski W, Ziołkowska L, Wojtarowicz A, et al. Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: old risk factors re-assessed in a new model of maximalized follow-up. European Heart Journal. 2010;31(24):3084-93.
Monserrat L, Elliott PM, Gimeno JR, Sharma S, Penas-Lado M, McKenna WJ. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an independent marker of sudden death risk in young patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003;42(5):873-9.
Wang W, Lian Z, Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Maron MS, Link MS. Prognostic implications of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2017;10(3):e004604.
O'Mahony C, Jichi F, Pavlou M, Monserrat L, Anastasakis A, Rapezzi C, et al. A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD). European heart journal. 2014;35(30):2010-20.
Spirito P, Autore C, Rapezzi C, Bernabò P, Badagliacca R, Maron MS, et al. Syncope and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2009;119(13):1703-10.
Elliott PM, Blanes JRG, Mahon NG, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ. Relation between severity of left-ventricular hypertrophy and prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The Lancet. 2001;357(9254):420-4.
Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Haas TS, Garberich RF, Wang W, Link MS, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular apical aneurysm: implications for risk stratification and management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(7):761-73.
Ichida M, Nishimura Y, Kario K. Clinical significance of left ventricular apical aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients: the role of diagnostic electrocardiography. Journal of Cardiology. 2014;64(4):265-72.
Pelliccia F, Gersh BJ, Camici PG. Gaps in evidence for risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2021;143(2):101-3.
UK COM. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European Heart Journal. 2014;35:2733-79.
Santos-Veloso MAO, Chaves ÂVF, Calado EB, Markman M, Bezerra LS, Lima SGd, et al. ICD indication in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: which algorithm to use? Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2022;68:1059-63.
Nauffal V, Marstrand P, Han L, Parikh VN, Helms AS, Ingles J, et al. Worldwide differences in primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator utilization and outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European heart journal. 2021;42(38):3932-44.
Wang N, Xie A, Tjahjono R, Tian DH, Phan S, Yan TD, et al. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications. Annals of cardiothoracic surgery. 2017;6(4):298.
Schinkel AF, Vriesendorp PA, Sijbrands EJ, Jordaens LJ, ten Cate FJ, Michels M. Outcome and complications after implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2012;5(5):552-9.
Knops RE, Olde Nordkamp LR, Delnoy P-PH, Boersma LV, Kuschyk J, El-Chami MF, et al. Subcutaneous or transvenous defibrillator therapy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(6):526-36.
OLDE NORDKAMP LR, Warnaars JL, Kooiman KM, de GROOT JR, Rosenmoeller BR, Wilde AA, et al. Which patients are not suitable for a subcutaneous ICD: incidence and predictors of failed QRS‐T‐wave morphology screening. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2014;25(5):494-9.
D'Onofrio A, Pieragnoli P, Biffi M, Nigro G, Migliore F, Francia P, et al. Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: an analysis of Italian clinical practice and its evolution. International Journal of Cardiology. 2018;272:162-7.
Stiles MK, Fauchier L, Morillo CA, Wilkoff BL. 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS focused update to 2015 expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing. EP Europace. 2019;21(9):1442-3.
Francia P, Olivotto I, Lambiase PD, Autore C. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The Times They Are a-Changin’. EP Europace. 2022;24(9):1384-94.
Francia P, Adduci C, Semprini L, Palano F, Santini D, Musumeci B, et al. Prognostic implications of defibrillation threshold testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2017;28(1):103-8.
Friedman DJ, Parzynski CS, Heist EK, Russo AM, Akar JG, Freeman JV, et al. Ventricular fibrillation conversion testing after implantation of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Circulation. 2018;137(23):2463-77.
Gold MR, Lambiase PD, El-Chami MF, Knops RE, Aasbo JD, Bongiorni MG, et al. Primary results from the understanding outcomes with the S-ICD in primary prevention patients with low ejection fraction (UNTOUCHED) trial. Circulation. 2021;143(1):7-17.
Salgado BC, Coram R, Mandrola J, Gopinathannair R. Inappropriate shock from delayed T-wave oversensing by a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. HeartRhythm Case Reports. 2018;4(9):408-11.
Maron BJ, Nishimura RA, McKenna WJ, Rakowski H, Josephson ME, Kieval RS. Assessment of permanent dual-chamber pacing as a treatment for drug-refractory symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study (M-PATHY). Circulation. 1999;99(22):2927-33.
Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Abt P, Kiernan MS, Vest A, Costantino F, et al. Impact of advanced therapies for improving survival to heart transplant in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2018;121(8):986-96.
Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, Michowitz Y, Auricchio A, Barbash IM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: Developed by the Task Force on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). EP Europace. 2022;24(1):71-164.
Gupta A, Subzposh F, Hankins SR, Kutalek SP. Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in a patient with a left ventricular assist device already in place. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 2015;42(2):140-3.
Link MS, Bockstall K, Weinstock J, ALSHEIKH‐ALI AA, Semsarian C, ESTES III NM, et al. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and defibrillators: triggers, treatment, and implications. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2017;28(5):531-7.
Lampert R, Olshansky B, Heidbuchel H, Lawless C, Saarel E, Ackerman M, et al. Safety of sports for athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: long-term results of a prospective multinational registry. Circulation. 2017;135(23):2310-2.
Qintar M, Morad A, Alhawasli H, Shorbaji K, Firwana B, Essali A, et al. Pacing for drug‐refractory or drug‐intolerant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012(5).
Fananapazir L, Cannon 3rd R, Tripodi D, Panza J. Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symptoms refractory to verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. Circulation. 1992;85(6):2149-61.
Jeanrenaud X, Goy J-J, Kappenberger L. Effects of dual-chamber pacing in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The Lancet. 1992;339(8805):1318-23.
Arnold AD, Howard JP, Chiew K, Kerrigan WJ, de Vere F, Johns HT, et al. Right ventricular pacing for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis and meta-regression of clinical trials. European Heart Journal-Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. 2019;5(4):321-33.
Hughes RK, Knott KD, Malcolmson J, Augusto JB, Mohiddin SA, Kellman P, et al. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the variant less known. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(5):e015294.
Minami Y, Haruki S, Hagiwara N. Phenotypic overlap in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: apical hypertrophy, midventricular obstruction, and apical aneurysm. Journal of cardiology. 2014;64(6):463-9.
Malcolmson JW, Hughes RK, Joshi A, Cooper J, Breitenstein A, Ginks M, et al. Therapeutic benefits of distal ventricular pacing in mid-cavity obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therapeutic Advances in Cardiovascular Disease. 2022;16:17539447221108816.
Ahmed I, Loudon BL, Abozguia K, Cameron D, Shivu GN, Phan TT, et al. Biventricular pacemaker therapy improves exercise capacity in patients with non‐obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy via augmented diastolic filling on exercise. European journal of heart failure. 2020;22(7):1263-72.
Referanslar
Spirito P, Seidman CE, McKenna WJ, Maron BJ. The management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 1997;336(11):775-85.
Vulpian A. Contribution à l’étude des rétrécissements de l’orifice ventriculo-aortique. Arch Physiol. 1868;3:220-2.
Hollman A, Goodwin J, Teare D, Renwick J. A family with obstructive cardiomyopathy (asymmetrical hypertrophy). British Heart Journal. 1960;22(4):449.
Ommen SR, Mital S, Burke MA, Day SM, Deswal A, Elliott P, et al. 2020 AHA/ACC guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2020;76(25):e159-e240.
Towbin JA. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 2009;32:S23-S31.
Wigle ED, Rakowski H, Kimball BP, Williams WG. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: clinical spectrum and treatment. Circulation. 1995;92(7):1680-92.
Wigle ED. The diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Heart. 2001;86(6):709-14.
Ayoub CM, Mathew JP, Swaminathan M. Clinical manual and review of transesophageal echocardiography: McGraw-Hill Medical; 2010.
Pantazis A, Vischer AS, Perez-Tome MC, Castelletti S. Diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Echo Research & Practice. 2015;2(1):R45-R53.
Spirito P, Bellone P, Harris KM, Bernabò P, Bruzzi P, Maron BJ. Magnitude of left ventricular hypertrophy and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2000;342(24):1778-85.
Turer AT, Samad Z, Valente AM, Parker MA, Hayes B, Kim RJ, et al. Anatomic and clinical correlates of septal morphology in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European Journal of Echocardiography. 2011;12(2):131-9.
Ammirati E, Contri R, Coppini R, Cecchi F, Frigerio M, Olivotto I. Pharmacological treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: current practice and novel perspectives. European journal of heart failure. 2016;18(9):1106-18.
Sherrid MV, Gunsburg DZ, Moldenhauer S, Pearle G. Systolic anterior motion begins at low left ventricular outflow tract velocity in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2000;36(4):1344-54.
Maron BJ, Nishimura RA, Danielson GK. Pitfalls in clinical recognition and a novel operative approach for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with severe outflow obstruction due to anomalous papillary muscle. Circulation. 1998;98(23):2505-8.
Hreybe H, Zahid M, Sonel A, Good CB, Shaver J, Saba S. Noncardiac surgery and the risk of death and other cardiovascular events in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Clinical Cardiology: An International Indexed and Peer‐Reviewed Journal for Advances in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. 2006;29(2):65-8.
Hang D, Schaff HV, Nishimura RA, Lahr BD, Abel MD, Dearani JA, et al. Accuracy of jet direction on Doppler echocardiography in identifying the etiology of mitral regurgitation in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. 2019;32(3):333-40.
Chan RH, Maron BJ, Olivotto I, Pencina MJ, Assenza GE, Haas T, et al. Prognostic value of quantitative contrast-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance for the evaluation of sudden death risk in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2014;130(6):484-95.
Olivotto I, Maron BJ, Appelbaum E, Harrigan CJ, Salton C, Gibson CM, et al. Spectrum and clinical significance of systolic function and myocardial fibrosis assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;106(2):261-7.
Patel V, Critoph CH, Finlay MC, Mist B, Lambiase PD, Elliott PM. Heart rate recovery in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2014;113(6):1011-7.
Olivotto I, Maron BJ, Montereggi A, Mazzuoli F, Dolara A, Cecchi F. Prognostic value of systemic blood pressure response during exercise in a community-based patient population with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;33(7):2044-51.
Frenneaux MP, Counihan PJ, Caforio A, Chikamori T, McKenna WJ. Abnormal blood pressure response during exercise in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 1990;82(6):1995-2002.
Ho CY, Day SM, Ashley EA, Michels M, Pereira AC, Jacoby D, et al. Genotype and lifetime burden of disease in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: insights from the Sarcomeric Human Cardiomyopathy Registry (SHaRe). Circulation. 2018;138(14):1387-98.
Maron BJ, Rowin EJ, Casey SA, Maron MS. How hypertrophic cardiomyopathy became a contemporary treatable genetic disease with low mortality: shaped by 50 years of clinical research and practice. JAMA cardiology. 2016;1(1):98-105.
Maron BJ. Clinical course and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2018;379(7):655-68.
Maron MS, Rowin EJ, Wessler BS, Mooney PJ, Fatima A, Patel P, et al. Enhanced American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association strategy for prevention of sudden cardiac death in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. JAMA cardiology. 2019;4(7):644-57.
Elliott PM, Sharma S, Varnava A, Poloniecki J, Rowland E, McKenna WJ. Survival after cardiac arrest or sustained ventricular tachycardia in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 1999;33(6):1596-601.
O’Mahony C, Jichi F, Ommen SR, Christiaans I, Arbustini E, Garcia-Pavia P, et al. International external validation study of the 2014 European Society of Cardiology guidelines on sudden cardiac death prevention in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (EVIDENCE-HCM). Circulation. 2018;137(10):1015-23.
Bos JM, Maron BJ, Ackerman MJ, Haas TS, Sorajja P, Nishimura RA, et al. Role of family history of sudden death in risk stratification and prevention of sudden death with implantable defibrillators in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American journal of cardiology. 2010;106(10):1481-6.
Dimitrow PP, Chojnowska L, Rudziński T, Piotrowski W, Ziołkowska L, Wojtarowicz A, et al. Sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: old risk factors re-assessed in a new model of maximalized follow-up. European Heart Journal. 2010;31(24):3084-93.
Monserrat L, Elliott PM, Gimeno JR, Sharma S, Penas-Lado M, McKenna WJ. Non-sustained ventricular tachycardia in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an independent marker of sudden death risk in young patients. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2003;42(5):873-9.
Wang W, Lian Z, Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Maron MS, Link MS. Prognostic implications of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia in high-risk patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology. 2017;10(3):e004604.
O'Mahony C, Jichi F, Pavlou M, Monserrat L, Anastasakis A, Rapezzi C, et al. A novel clinical risk prediction model for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM risk-SCD). European heart journal. 2014;35(30):2010-20.
Spirito P, Autore C, Rapezzi C, Bernabò P, Badagliacca R, Maron MS, et al. Syncope and risk of sudden death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2009;119(13):1703-10.
Elliott PM, Blanes JRG, Mahon NG, Poloniecki JD, McKenna WJ. Relation between severity of left-ventricular hypertrophy and prognosis in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The Lancet. 2001;357(9254):420-4.
Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Haas TS, Garberich RF, Wang W, Link MS, et al. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with left ventricular apical aneurysm: implications for risk stratification and management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2017;69(7):761-73.
Ichida M, Nishimura Y, Kario K. Clinical significance of left ventricular apical aneurysms in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients: the role of diagnostic electrocardiography. Journal of Cardiology. 2014;64(4):265-72.
Pelliccia F, Gersh BJ, Camici PG. Gaps in evidence for risk stratification for sudden cardiac death in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Circulation. 2021;143(2):101-3.
UK COM. 2014 ESC Guidelines on diagnosis and management of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European Heart Journal. 2014;35:2733-79.
Santos-Veloso MAO, Chaves ÂVF, Calado EB, Markman M, Bezerra LS, Lima SGd, et al. ICD indication in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: which algorithm to use? Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2022;68:1059-63.
Nauffal V, Marstrand P, Han L, Parikh VN, Helms AS, Ingles J, et al. Worldwide differences in primary prevention implantable cardioverter defibrillator utilization and outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. European heart journal. 2021;42(38):3932-44.
Wang N, Xie A, Tjahjono R, Tian DH, Phan S, Yan TD, et al. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of outcomes and complications. Annals of cardiothoracic surgery. 2017;6(4):298.
Schinkel AF, Vriesendorp PA, Sijbrands EJ, Jordaens LJ, ten Cate FJ, Michels M. Outcome and complications after implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. Circulation: Heart Failure. 2012;5(5):552-9.
Knops RE, Olde Nordkamp LR, Delnoy P-PH, Boersma LV, Kuschyk J, El-Chami MF, et al. Subcutaneous or transvenous defibrillator therapy. New England Journal of Medicine. 2020;383(6):526-36.
OLDE NORDKAMP LR, Warnaars JL, Kooiman KM, de GROOT JR, Rosenmoeller BR, Wilde AA, et al. Which patients are not suitable for a subcutaneous ICD: incidence and predictors of failed QRS‐T‐wave morphology screening. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2014;25(5):494-9.
D'Onofrio A, Pieragnoli P, Biffi M, Nigro G, Migliore F, Francia P, et al. Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation: an analysis of Italian clinical practice and its evolution. International Journal of Cardiology. 2018;272:162-7.
Stiles MK, Fauchier L, Morillo CA, Wilkoff BL. 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS focused update to 2015 expert consensus statement on optimal implantable cardioverter-defibrillator programming and testing. EP Europace. 2019;21(9):1442-3.
Francia P, Olivotto I, Lambiase PD, Autore C. Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: The Times They Are a-Changin’. EP Europace. 2022;24(9):1384-94.
Francia P, Adduci C, Semprini L, Palano F, Santini D, Musumeci B, et al. Prognostic implications of defibrillation threshold testing in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology. 2017;28(1):103-8.
Friedman DJ, Parzynski CS, Heist EK, Russo AM, Akar JG, Freeman JV, et al. Ventricular fibrillation conversion testing after implantation of a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator: report from the National Cardiovascular Data Registry. Circulation. 2018;137(23):2463-77.
Gold MR, Lambiase PD, El-Chami MF, Knops RE, Aasbo JD, Bongiorni MG, et al. Primary results from the understanding outcomes with the S-ICD in primary prevention patients with low ejection fraction (UNTOUCHED) trial. Circulation. 2021;143(1):7-17.
Salgado BC, Coram R, Mandrola J, Gopinathannair R. Inappropriate shock from delayed T-wave oversensing by a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator after septal myectomy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. HeartRhythm Case Reports. 2018;4(9):408-11.
Maron BJ, Nishimura RA, McKenna WJ, Rakowski H, Josephson ME, Kieval RS. Assessment of permanent dual-chamber pacing as a treatment for drug-refractory symptomatic patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a randomized, double-blind, crossover study (M-PATHY). Circulation. 1999;99(22):2927-33.
Rowin EJ, Maron BJ, Abt P, Kiernan MS, Vest A, Costantino F, et al. Impact of advanced therapies for improving survival to heart transplant in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The American Journal of Cardiology. 2018;121(8):986-96.
Glikson M, Nielsen JC, Kronborg MB, Michowitz Y, Auricchio A, Barbash IM, et al. 2021 ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: Developed by the Task Force on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) With the special contribution of the European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA). EP Europace. 2022;24(1):71-164.
Gupta A, Subzposh F, Hankins SR, Kutalek SP. Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation in a patient with a left ventricular assist device already in place. Texas Heart Institute Journal. 2015;42(2):140-3.
Link MS, Bockstall K, Weinstock J, ALSHEIKH‐ALI AA, Semsarian C, ESTES III NM, et al. Ventricular tachyarrhythmias in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and defibrillators: triggers, treatment, and implications. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2017;28(5):531-7.
Lampert R, Olshansky B, Heidbuchel H, Lawless C, Saarel E, Ackerman M, et al. Safety of sports for athletes with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: long-term results of a prospective multinational registry. Circulation. 2017;135(23):2310-2.
Qintar M, Morad A, Alhawasli H, Shorbaji K, Firwana B, Essali A, et al. Pacing for drug‐refractory or drug‐intolerant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2012(5).
Fananapazir L, Cannon 3rd R, Tripodi D, Panza J. Impact of dual-chamber permanent pacing in patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with symptoms refractory to verapamil and beta-adrenergic blocker therapy. Circulation. 1992;85(6):2149-61.
Jeanrenaud X, Goy J-J, Kappenberger L. Effects of dual-chamber pacing in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. The Lancet. 1992;339(8805):1318-23.
Arnold AD, Howard JP, Chiew K, Kerrigan WJ, de Vere F, Johns HT, et al. Right ventricular pacing for hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy: meta-analysis and meta-regression of clinical trials. European Heart Journal-Quality of Care and Clinical Outcomes. 2019;5(4):321-33.
Hughes RK, Knott KD, Malcolmson J, Augusto JB, Mohiddin SA, Kellman P, et al. Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: the variant less known. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020;9(5):e015294.
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