Konjenital Kalp Hastalıklarında Kardiyak Pacing ve ICD

Van der Linde D, Konings EE, SlagerMA, WitsenburgM, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, Roos Hesselink JW. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:2241-2247.

LiuY,ChenS,ZuhlkeL,BlackGC,ChoyMK,LiN,KeavneyBD.Globalbirth prevalenceofcongenitalheartdefects1970-2017:updated systematic review and meta analysisof260studies.IntJEpidemiol2019;48:455463..

Baumgartner H, De Backer J. The ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart diease 2020. Eur Heart J. 2020;41 (43);4153-4154. Doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa701.

Zeppenfeld K ,Schalij MJ, BartelingsMM,TedrowUB,KoplanBA,SoejimaK, Stevenson WG. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia after repair of congenital heart disease: electroanatomic identification of the critical right ventricular isthmus. Circulation 2007;116:2241225

Kapel GF,ReichlinT,WijnmaalenAP,PiersSR,HolmanER,TedrowUB,Schalij MJ, Stevenson WG, Zeppenfeld K. Reentry using anatomically determine disthmuses: acurable ventricular tachycardia in repaired congenital heart disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:102. 109 .

Diller G P,Kempny A,Alonso Gonzalez R,Swan L,Uebing A,Li W, Babu Narayan S,Wort S J, Dimopoulos K,Gatzoulis MA. Survival prospect sand circumstances of death in contemporary adult congenital heart disease patients underfollow-up at a large tertiary centre. Circulation2015;132:21182125.

Oechslin E N,Harrison DA, Connelly MS,Webb GD,Siu SC. Mode of death in adults with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol2000;86:11111116.

Koyak Z,Harris L,de Groot JR, Silver sides CK, Oechslin EN, Bouma BJ, Budts W, Zwinderman AH, VanGelder IC, Mulder BJ. Sudden cardiac death in adult congenital heart disease. Circulation 2012;126:19441954.

Khairy P, Van Hare GF, Balaji S, Berul CI, Cecchin F, Cohen MI, Daniels CJ, Deal BJ, Dearani JA, Groot N, Dubin AM, Harris L, Janousek J, Kanter RJ, Karpawich PP, Perry JC, Seslar SP, Shah MJ, Silka MJ, Triedman JK, Walsh EP,Warnes CA. PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and Management of Arrhythmiasin Adult Congenital Heart Disease: developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society(PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society(HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology(ACC), the American Heart Association(AHA), the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA), the CanadianHeartRhythmSociety(CHRS),and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). HeartRhythm2014;11:e102e165.

Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C,MazzantiA,BlomN,BorggrefeM,CammJ, Elliott PM, Fitzsimons D, Hatala R,Hindricks G,Kirchhof P,Kjeldsen K,Kuck KH, Hernandez-Madrid A,Nikolaou N,Norekval TM,Spaulding C,Van Veldhuisen DJ. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force forthe Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology(AEPC). Eur HeartJ2015;36:27932867.

Hernandez-Madrid A,Paul T,Abrams D,Aziz PF,Blom NA,Chen J,Chessa M, Combes N,Dagres N,Diller G,Ernst S,Giamberti A,Hebe J,Janousek J,Kriebel T,Moltedo J,Moreno J,Peinado R,Pison L,Rosenthal E,Skinner JR,Zeppenfeld K, ESC Scientific Document Group. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology(AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease, end orsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE. Europace 2018;20:17191753.

Brignole M,Auricchio A,Baron-Esquivias G,Bordachar P,Boriani G, Breithardt OA,Cleland J,Deharo JC,Delgado V,Elliott PM,Gorenek B,Israel CW, Leclercq C,Linde C,Mont L,Padeletti L,Sutton R,Vardas PE,Zamorano JL, Achenbach S,Baumgartner H,Bax JJ,Bueno H,Dean V,Deaton C,Erol C, Fagard R,Ferrari R,Hasdai D,Hoes AW,Kirchhof P,Knuuti J,Kolh P,Lancellotti P,Linhart A,Nihoyannopoulos P,Piepoli MF,Ponikowski P,Sirnes P A,Tamargo J L,Tendera M,Torbicki A,Wijns W,Windecker S,Kirchhof P,Blomstrom Lundqvist C,Badano LP,Aliyev F,Bansch D,Baumgartner H,Bsata W,Buser P, Charron P,Daubert JC, Dobreanu D,Faerestrand S,Hasdai D,Hoes AW,Le Heuzey JY,Mavrakis H,McDonaghT,MerinoJL,NawarMM,NielsenJC,Pieske B, PoposkaL,Ruschitzka F,Tendera M,Van Gelder IC,Wilson CM. 2013ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: theTask Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA).EurHeartJ2013;34:22812329.

Kirchhof P,Benussi S,Kotecha D,Ahlsson A,Atar D,Casadei B,Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, Hindricks G,Manolis AS,Oldgren J, Popescu BA,Schotten U,VanPutte B,Vardas P. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur HeartJ2016;37:28932962.

Khairy P, Landzberg MJ, Gatzoulis MA, Mercier L-Ae, Fernandes SM, Coˆte´ J-M, Lavoie J-P, Fournier A, Guerra PG, Frogoudaki A, Walsh EP, Dore A. Transvenous pacing leads and systemic thromboemboli in patients with intracardiac shunts. Circulation 2006;113:23912397.

Anand N. Chronotropic incompetence in young patients with late postoperative atrial flutter: a casecontrol study. Eur Heart J 2006;27:20692073.

Fishberger SB, Wernovsky G, Gentles TL, Gauvreau K, Burnetta J, Mayer JE, Walsh EP. Factors that influence the development of atrial flutter after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;113:8086

Gillette PC, Shannon C, Garson A, Porter C-BJ, Ott D, Cooley DA, McNamara DG. Pacemaker treatment of sick sinus syndrome in children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;1:13251329.

Kay R, Estioko M, Wiener I. Primary sick sinus syndrome as an indication for chronic pacemaker therapy in young adults: incidence, clinical features, and long-term evaluation. American Heart Journal 1982;103:338342

Ragonese P, Drago F, Guccione P, Santilli A, Silvetti MS, Agostino DA. Permanent overdrive atrial pacing in the chronic management of recurrent postoperative atrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20:29172923

Opic P, Yap SC, Van Kranenburg M, Van Dijk AP, Budts W, Vliegen HW, Van Erven L, Can A, Sahin G, De Groot NM, Witsenburg M, Roos-Hesselink JW. Atrial-based pacing has no benefit over ventricular pacing in preventing atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Europace 2013;15:17571762.

Skanes AC, Krahn AD, Yee R, Klein GJ, Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, Gent M, Thorpe KE, Roberts RS, Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing. Progression to chronic atrial fibrillation after pacing: the Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing. CTOPP Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:167172.

Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, Goldschlager NF, Hamilton RM, Joglar JA, Kim RJ, Lee R, Marine JE, McLeod CJ, Oken KR, Patton KK, Pellegrini CN, Selzman KA, Thompson A, Varosy PD. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2019;140:e333-e381.

Kramer CC, Maldonado JR, Olson MD, Gingerich JC, Ochoa LA, Law IH. Safety and efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing in congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm 2018;15:543547.

Stephenson EA, Casavant D, Tuzi J, Alexander ME, Law I, Serwer G, Strieper M, Walsh EP, Berul CI, ATTEST Investigators. Efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing using the Medtronic AT500 pacemaker in patients with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:871876.

Dewey RC, Capeless MA, Levy AM. Use of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring to identify high-risk patients with congenital complete heart block. N Engl J Med 1987;316:835839. 565. Karpawich PP, Gillette PC, Garson A Jr, Hesslein PS, Porter CB, McNamara DG. Congenital complete atrioventricular block: clinical and electrophysiologic predictors of need for pacemaker insertion. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:10981102.

Michaelsson M, Jonzon A, Riesenfeld T. Isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block in adult life. A prospective study. Circulation 1995;92:442449.

Beaufort-Krol GC, Schasfoort-van Leeuwen MJ, Stienstra Y, Bink-Boelkens MT. Longitudinal echocardiographic follow-up in children with congenital complete atrioventricular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007;30:13391343.

Bonatti V, Agnetti A, Squarcia U. Early and late postoperative complete heart block in pediatric patients submitted to open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease. Pediatr Med Chir 1998;20:181186.

Gross GJ, Chiu CC, Hamilton RM, Kirsh JA, Stephenson EA. Natural history of postoperative heart block in congenital heart disease: implications for pacing intervention. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:601604

Murphy D. Prognosis of complete atrioventricular dissociation in children after open-heart surgery. Lancet 1970;295:750752

Krongrad E. Prognosis for patients with congenital heart disease and postoperative intraventricular conduction defects. Circulation 1978;57:867870.

Villain E. Indications for pacing in patients with congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008;31 Suppl 1:S17-20.

AtallahJ,GonzalezCorciaMC,WalshEP.Participating member softhepediatric and congenital electrophysiology society.Ventricular arrhythmia and life threatening events in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.AmJCardiol2020; 132:126–132.

Van der Linde D, Konings EE, SlagerMA, WitsenburgM, Helbing WA, Takkenberg JJ, Roos Hesselink JW. Birth prevalence of congenital heart disease worldwide: a systematic review andmeta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2011;58:2241-2247.

LiuY,ChenS,ZuhlkeL,BlackGC,ChoyMK,LiN,KeavneyBD.Globalbirth prevalenceofcongenitalheartdefects1970-2017:updated systematic review and meta analysisof260studies.IntJEpidemiol2019;48:455463..

Baumgartner H, De Backer J. The ESC Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of adult congenital heart diease 2020. Eur Heart J. 2020;41 (43);4153-4154. Doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehaa701.

Zeppenfeld K ,Schalij MJ, BartelingsMM,TedrowUB,KoplanBA,SoejimaK, Stevenson WG. Catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia after repair of congenital heart disease: electroanatomic identification of the critical right ventricular isthmus. Circulation 2007;116:2241225

Kapel GF,ReichlinT,WijnmaalenAP,PiersSR,HolmanER,TedrowUB,Schalij MJ, Stevenson WG, Zeppenfeld K. Reentry using anatomically determine disthmuses: acurable ventricular tachycardia in repaired congenital heart disease. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2015;8:102. 109 .

Diller G P,Kempny A,Alonso Gonzalez R,Swan L,Uebing A,Li W, Babu Narayan S,Wort S J, Dimopoulos K,Gatzoulis MA. Survival prospect sand circumstances of death in contemporary adult congenital heart disease patients underfollow-up at a large tertiary centre. Circulation2015;132:21182125.

Oechslin E N,Harrison DA, Connelly MS,Webb GD,Siu SC. Mode of death in adults with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol2000;86:11111116.

Koyak Z,Harris L,de Groot JR, Silver sides CK, Oechslin EN, Bouma BJ, Budts W, Zwinderman AH, VanGelder IC, Mulder BJ. Sudden cardiac death in adult congenital heart disease. Circulation 2012;126:19441954.

Khairy P, Van Hare GF, Balaji S, Berul CI, Cecchin F, Cohen MI, Daniels CJ, Deal BJ, Dearani JA, Groot N, Dubin AM, Harris L, Janousek J, Kanter RJ, Karpawich PP, Perry JC, Seslar SP, Shah MJ, Silka MJ, Triedman JK, Walsh EP,Warnes CA. PACES/HRS Expert Consensus Statement on the Recognition and Management of Arrhythmiasin Adult Congenital Heart Disease: developed in partnership between the Pediatric and Congenital Electrophysiology Society(PACES) and the Heart Rhythm Society(HRS). Endorsed by the governing bodies of PACES, HRS, the American College of Cardiology(ACC), the American Heart Association(AHA), the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA), the CanadianHeartRhythmSociety(CHRS),and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD). HeartRhythm2014;11:e102e165.

Priori SG, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C,MazzantiA,BlomN,BorggrefeM,CammJ, Elliott PM, Fitzsimons D, Hatala R,Hindricks G,Kirchhof P,Kjeldsen K,Kuck KH, Hernandez-Madrid A,Nikolaou N,Norekval TM,Spaulding C,Van Veldhuisen DJ. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the management of patients with ventricular arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden cardiac death: The Task Force forthe Management of Patients with Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology(AEPC). Eur HeartJ2015;36:27932867.

Hernandez-Madrid A,Paul T,Abrams D,Aziz PF,Blom NA,Chen J,Chessa M, Combes N,Dagres N,Diller G,Ernst S,Giamberti A,Hebe J,Janousek J,Kriebel T,Moltedo J,Moreno J,Peinado R,Pison L,Rosenthal E,Skinner JR,Zeppenfeld K, ESC Scientific Document Group. Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease: a position paper of the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA), Association for European Paediatric and Congenital Cardiology(AEPC), and the European Society of Cardiology(ESC) Working Group on Grown-up Congenital Heart Disease, end orsed by HRS, PACES, APHRS, and SOLAECE. Europace 2018;20:17191753.

Brignole M,Auricchio A,Baron-Esquivias G,Bordachar P,Boriani G, Breithardt OA,Cleland J,Deharo JC,Delgado V,Elliott PM,Gorenek B,Israel CW, Leclercq C,Linde C,Mont L,Padeletti L,Sutton R,Vardas PE,Zamorano JL, Achenbach S,Baumgartner H,Bax JJ,Bueno H,Dean V,Deaton C,Erol C, Fagard R,Ferrari R,Hasdai D,Hoes AW,Kirchhof P,Knuuti J,Kolh P,Lancellotti P,Linhart A,Nihoyannopoulos P,Piepoli MF,Ponikowski P,Sirnes P A,Tamargo J L,Tendera M,Torbicki A,Wijns W,Windecker S,Kirchhof P,Blomstrom Lundqvist C,Badano LP,Aliyev F,Bansch D,Baumgartner H,Bsata W,Buser P, Charron P,Daubert JC, Dobreanu D,Faerestrand S,Hasdai D,Hoes AW,Le Heuzey JY,Mavrakis H,McDonaghT,MerinoJL,NawarMM,NielsenJC,Pieske B, PoposkaL,Ruschitzka F,Tendera M,Van Gelder IC,Wilson CM. 2013ESC Guidelines on cardiac pacing and cardiac resynchronization therapy: theTask Force on cardiac pacing and resynchronization therapy of the European Society of Cardiology(ESC). Developed in collaboration with the European Heart Rhythm Association(EHRA).EurHeartJ2013;34:22812329.

Kirchhof P,Benussi S,Kotecha D,Ahlsson A,Atar D,Casadei B,Castella M, Diener HC, Heidbuchel H, Hendriks J, Hindricks G,Manolis AS,Oldgren J, Popescu BA,Schotten U,VanPutte B,Vardas P. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with EACTS. Eur HeartJ2016;37:28932962.

Khairy P, Landzberg MJ, Gatzoulis MA, Mercier L-Ae, Fernandes SM, Coˆte´ J-M, Lavoie J-P, Fournier A, Guerra PG, Frogoudaki A, Walsh EP, Dore A. Transvenous pacing leads and systemic thromboemboli in patients with intracardiac shunts. Circulation 2006;113:23912397.

Anand N. Chronotropic incompetence in young patients with late postoperative atrial flutter: a casecontrol study. Eur Heart J 2006;27:20692073.

Fishberger SB, Wernovsky G, Gentles TL, Gauvreau K, Burnetta J, Mayer JE, Walsh EP. Factors that influence the development of atrial flutter after the Fontan operation. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;113:8086

Gillette PC, Shannon C, Garson A, Porter C-BJ, Ott D, Cooley DA, McNamara DG. Pacemaker treatment of sick sinus syndrome in children. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;1:13251329.

Kay R, Estioko M, Wiener I. Primary sick sinus syndrome as an indication for chronic pacemaker therapy in young adults: incidence, clinical features, and long-term evaluation. American Heart Journal 1982;103:338342

Ragonese P, Drago F, Guccione P, Santilli A, Silvetti MS, Agostino DA. Permanent overdrive atrial pacing in the chronic management of recurrent postoperative atrial reentrant tachycardia in patients with complex congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1997;20:29172923

Opic P, Yap SC, Van Kranenburg M, Van Dijk AP, Budts W, Vliegen HW, Van Erven L, Can A, Sahin G, De Groot NM, Witsenburg M, Roos-Hesselink JW. Atrial-based pacing has no benefit over ventricular pacing in preventing atrial arrhythmias in adults with congenital heart disease. Europace 2013;15:17571762.

Skanes AC, Krahn AD, Yee R, Klein GJ, Connolly SJ, Kerr CR, Gent M, Thorpe KE, Roberts RS, Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing. Progression to chronic atrial fibrillation after pacing: the Canadian Trial of Physiologic Pacing. CTOPP Investigators. J Am Coll Cardiol 2001;38:167172.

Kusumoto FM, Schoenfeld MH, Barrett C, Edgerton JR, Ellenbogen KA, Gold MR, Goldschlager NF, Hamilton RM, Joglar JA, Kim RJ, Lee R, Marine JE, McLeod CJ, Oken KR, Patton KK, Pellegrini CN, Selzman KA, Thompson A, Varosy PD. 2018 ACC/AHA/HRS Guideline on the evaluation and management of patients with bradycardia and cardiac conduction delay: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines, and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation 2019;140:e333-e381.

Kramer CC, Maldonado JR, Olson MD, Gingerich JC, Ochoa LA, Law IH. Safety and efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing in congenital heart disease. Heart Rhythm 2018;15:543547.

Stephenson EA, Casavant D, Tuzi J, Alexander ME, Law I, Serwer G, Strieper M, Walsh EP, Berul CI, ATTEST Investigators. Efficacy of atrial antitachycardia pacing using the Medtronic AT500 pacemaker in patients with congenital heart disease. Am J Cardiol 2003;92:871876.

Dewey RC, Capeless MA, Levy AM. Use of ambulatory electrocardiographic monitoring to identify high-risk patients with congenital complete heart block. N Engl J Med 1987;316:835839. 565. Karpawich PP, Gillette PC, Garson A Jr, Hesslein PS, Porter CB, McNamara DG. Congenital complete atrioventricular block: clinical and electrophysiologic predictors of need for pacemaker insertion. Am J Cardiol 1981;48:10981102.

Michaelsson M, Jonzon A, Riesenfeld T. Isolated congenital complete atrioventricular block in adult life. A prospective study. Circulation 1995;92:442449.

Beaufort-Krol GC, Schasfoort-van Leeuwen MJ, Stienstra Y, Bink-Boelkens MT. Longitudinal echocardiographic follow-up in children with congenital complete atrioventricular block. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2007;30:13391343.

Bonatti V, Agnetti A, Squarcia U. Early and late postoperative complete heart block in pediatric patients submitted to open-heart surgery for congenital heart disease. Pediatr Med Chir 1998;20:181186.

Gross GJ, Chiu CC, Hamilton RM, Kirsh JA, Stephenson EA. Natural history of postoperative heart block in congenital heart disease: implications for pacing intervention. Heart Rhythm 2006;3:601604

Murphy D. Prognosis of complete atrioventricular dissociation in children after open-heart surgery. Lancet 1970;295:750752

Krongrad E. Prognosis for patients with congenital heart disease and postoperative intraventricular conduction defects. Circulation 1978;57:867870.

Villain E. Indications for pacing in patients with congenital heart disease. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2008;31 Suppl 1:S17-20.

AtallahJ,GonzalezCorciaMC,WalshEP.Participating member softhepediatric and congenital electrophysiology society.Ventricular arrhythmia and life threatening events in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.AmJCardiol2020; 132:126–132.