Kiec İlişkili Lead Trombüsü ve Pulmoner Embolizm

Phibbs B, Mariott HJL: Complications of permanent transvenous pacing. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1428–1432.

Coleman DB, DeBarr DM, Morales DL, et al. Pacemaker lead thrombosis treated with atrial thrombectomy and biventricular pacemaker and defibrillator insertion. Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Nov;78(5):e83-4. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.09.115. PMID: 15511419.

Barakat K, Robinson NM, Spurrell RA. Transvenous pacing lead-induced thrombosis: a series of cases with a review of the literature. Cardiology 2000;93(3):142-8. doi: 10.1159/000007018. PMID: 10965084.

Stoney WS, Addlestone RB, Alford WC, et al.: The incidence of venous thrombosis following long-term transvenous pacing. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22: 166–170.

Wierzbowska K, Krzeminska-Pakula M, Marszal-Marciniak M, et al. Symptomatic atrial pacemaker lead thrombosis. Detection by echocardiography and successful surgical treatment. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001;24(3):391–3.

Matsura Y, Tamura M, Yamashina H, et al. Defect in lung perfusion and ventilation scanning of patients with permanent transvenous implantable pacemaker. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1984; 33(1):11–6.

Seeger W, Scherer K. Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism following pacemaker implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1986;9(2):196 –9.

Rubio PA, Coon JD, Farell EM, et al: Subclavian thrombosis secondary to a transvenous pacing wire. South Med J 1980;73:1547.

Kaulbach MG, Krukonis EE: Pacemaker electrode induced thrombosis in the superior vena cava with pulmonary embolization. Am J Cardiol 1970;25:205.

Youngson GC, McKenzie FN, Nichol RN: Superior vena cava syndrome: Case report. A complication of permanent transvenous endocardial pacing requiring surgical correction. Am Heart J 1980;99:503.

Krug H, Zerbe F: Major venous thrombosis: A complication of transvenous pacemaker electrodes. Br Heart J 1980;44:158

Cooper CJ, Dweik R, Gabbay S: Treatment of pacemaker associated right atrial thrombus with a two hour infusion of r-tPA. Am Heart J 1993;126(1):228–229.

Porath A, Avnun L, Hirsch M, Ovsyshcher I: Right atrial thrombus and recurrent pulmonary emboli secondary to cardiac pacing – A case report and short review of the literature. Angiology 1987;38:627.

Mitrovic V, Thurmann J, Schlepper M, Neuss H: Thrombotic complications with pacemakers. Int J Cardiol 1983;2:363.

Kinney EL, Allen RP, Weicher WA, et al.: Recurrent pulmonary emboli secondary to right atrial thrombus around a permanent pacing catheter; a case report and review of the literature. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989;2:196.

Bogart DB, Collins RH, Montgomerie MA, et al.: Shock late after implantation of a permanent transvenous cardiac pacemaker. Am J Cardiol 1985;55: 1241–1242.

Zimetbaum P, Carroll BJ, Locke AH, et al. Lead-Related Venous Obstruction in Patients With Implanted Cardiac Devices: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Jan 25;79(3):299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.017. PMID: 35057916.

Spittel PC, Hayes DL: Venous complications after insertion of a transvenous pacemaker. Mayo Clin Proc 1992;67:258–265.

Redish GA, Anderson AL: Echocardiographic diagnosis of right atrial thromboembolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;1:1167–1169

van Kuyk M, Mols P, Englert M: Right atrial thrombus leading to pulmonary embolism. Br Heart J 1984;51:462–464.

Lagergren H, Dahlgren S, Nordenstam H: Cardiovascular tissue response to intracardiac pacemaking. Acta Chir Scand 1966;132:696– 704.

Robboy SJ, Harthorne JW, Leinbach RC, et al.: Autopsy findings with permanent pervenous pacemakers. Circulation 1969;39:495–501

Becker AE, Becker MJ, Claudon GD, Edwards JE: Surface thrombosis and fibrous encapsulation of intravenous pacemaker catheter electrode. Circulation 1972;46:409–412.

Huang T-Y, Baba N: Cardiac pathology of transvenous pacemakers. Am Heart J 1972;83: 469–474.

Mazzetti H, Dussaut A, Tentori C, et al.: Superior vena cava occlusion and/ or syndrome related to pacemaker leads. Am Heart J 1993;125:831–837

Pauletti M, Pingitore R, Contini C: Superior vena cava obstruction at the site of interaction of two pacing electrodes. Br Heart J 1979;42: 487–489.

Matthews DM, Forfar JC: Superior vena cava stenosis: A complication of transvenous endocardial pacing. Thorax 1979;34:412–413

Yakirevich V, Alagem D, Papo J, et al: Fibrotic stenosis of the superior vena cava with widespread thrombotic occlusion of its major tributaries: An unusual complication of transvenous cardiac pacing. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983;85:632–634

Szuman J, Lorkiewicz Z: Superior vena caval stenosis: A rare complication in permanent transvenous cardiac pacing. J Cardiovasc Surg 1985;26:79–81.

Goudevenos JA, Reid PG, Adams PC, et al: Pacemaker-induced superior vena cava syndrome: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989;12:1890–1894.

Furman S, Behrens M, Andrew C, Klementowicz P: Retained pacemaker leads. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987;94:770–772

Rozmus G, Daubert JP, Huang DT, et al. Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Jun;13(1):9-19. doi: 10.1007/s10840-005-1140-1. PMID: 15976973.

Bettmann MA. Noninvasive and venographic diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1988;11 (Suppl) S15–20.

Baldt MM, Zontsich T, Kainberger F, et al. Spiral CT evaluation of deep venous thrombosis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1997;18:369–375.

Hartnell GG, Hughes LA, Finn JP, Longmaid HE 3rd. Magnetic resonance angiography of the central chest veins. A new gold standard? Chest 1995;107:1053–1057.

Brown AK, Anderson V: Resolution of right atrial thrombus shown by cross-sectional echo. Br Heart J 1985;53:659–661.

Blackburn T, Dunn M: Pacemaker induced SVC syndrome: Consideration of management. Am Heart J 1988;116:893–896.

May KJ, Cardare JT, Stroebel PP, Riba AL: Streptokinase dissolution of a right atrial thrombus associated with a temporary pacemaker. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:903–904.

Angeli SJ, Teaneck NJ: SVC syndrome following pacemaker insertion postatrial septal defect repair. Am Heart J 1990;120:433–435.

Mugge A, Gulba D, Jost S, Daniel WG: Dissolution of a right atrial thrombus attached to permanent pacing electrodes: Usefulness of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. Am Heart J 1990;119:1437–1439

Marder VJ, Sherry S: Thrombolytic therapy: Current status. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1512– 1585.

Sunder SK, Elcon EA, Sivalingham K, Kumar A: SVC thrombosis due to pacing electrodes: Successful treatment with combined thrombolysis and angioplasty. Am Heart J 1992;123: 790–792.

Bracke FA, Meijer A, van Gelder LM. Pacemaker lead complications: when is extraction appropriate and what can we learn from published data? Heart. 2001 Mar;85(3):254-9. doi: 10.1136/heart.85.3.254. PMID: 11179258; PMCID: PMC1729652.

Phibbs B, Mariott HJL: Complications of permanent transvenous pacing. N Engl J Med 1985;312:1428–1432.

Coleman DB, DeBarr DM, Morales DL, et al. Pacemaker lead thrombosis treated with atrial thrombectomy and biventricular pacemaker and defibrillator insertion. Ann Thorac Surg 2004 Nov;78(5):e83-4. doi: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2003.09.115. PMID: 15511419.

Barakat K, Robinson NM, Spurrell RA. Transvenous pacing lead-induced thrombosis: a series of cases with a review of the literature. Cardiology 2000;93(3):142-8. doi: 10.1159/000007018. PMID: 10965084.

Stoney WS, Addlestone RB, Alford WC, et al.: The incidence of venous thrombosis following long-term transvenous pacing. Ann Thorac Surg 1976;22: 166–170.

Wierzbowska K, Krzeminska-Pakula M, Marszal-Marciniak M, et al. Symptomatic atrial pacemaker lead thrombosis. Detection by echocardiography and successful surgical treatment. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 2001;24(3):391–3.

Matsura Y, Tamura M, Yamashina H, et al. Defect in lung perfusion and ventilation scanning of patients with permanent transvenous implantable pacemaker. Hiroshima J Med Sci 1984; 33(1):11–6.

Seeger W, Scherer K. Asymptomatic pulmonary embolism following pacemaker implantation. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1986;9(2):196 –9.

Rubio PA, Coon JD, Farell EM, et al: Subclavian thrombosis secondary to a transvenous pacing wire. South Med J 1980;73:1547.

Kaulbach MG, Krukonis EE: Pacemaker electrode induced thrombosis in the superior vena cava with pulmonary embolization. Am J Cardiol 1970;25:205.

Youngson GC, McKenzie FN, Nichol RN: Superior vena cava syndrome: Case report. A complication of permanent transvenous endocardial pacing requiring surgical correction. Am Heart J 1980;99:503.

Krug H, Zerbe F: Major venous thrombosis: A complication of transvenous pacemaker electrodes. Br Heart J 1980;44:158

Cooper CJ, Dweik R, Gabbay S: Treatment of pacemaker associated right atrial thrombus with a two hour infusion of r-tPA. Am Heart J 1993;126(1):228–229.

Porath A, Avnun L, Hirsch M, Ovsyshcher I: Right atrial thrombus and recurrent pulmonary emboli secondary to cardiac pacing – A case report and short review of the literature. Angiology 1987;38:627.

Mitrovic V, Thurmann J, Schlepper M, Neuss H: Thrombotic complications with pacemakers. Int J Cardiol 1983;2:363.

Kinney EL, Allen RP, Weicher WA, et al.: Recurrent pulmonary emboli secondary to right atrial thrombus around a permanent pacing catheter; a case report and review of the literature. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989;2:196.

Bogart DB, Collins RH, Montgomerie MA, et al.: Shock late after implantation of a permanent transvenous cardiac pacemaker. Am J Cardiol 1985;55: 1241–1242.

Zimetbaum P, Carroll BJ, Locke AH, et al. Lead-Related Venous Obstruction in Patients With Implanted Cardiac Devices: JACC Review Topic of the Week. J Am Coll Cardiol 2022 Jan 25;79(3):299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.11.017. PMID: 35057916.

Spittel PC, Hayes DL: Venous complications after insertion of a transvenous pacemaker. Mayo Clin Proc 1992;67:258–265.

Redish GA, Anderson AL: Echocardiographic diagnosis of right atrial thromboembolism. J Am Coll Cardiol 1983;1:1167–1169

van Kuyk M, Mols P, Englert M: Right atrial thrombus leading to pulmonary embolism. Br Heart J 1984;51:462–464.

Lagergren H, Dahlgren S, Nordenstam H: Cardiovascular tissue response to intracardiac pacemaking. Acta Chir Scand 1966;132:696– 704.

Robboy SJ, Harthorne JW, Leinbach RC, et al.: Autopsy findings with permanent pervenous pacemakers. Circulation 1969;39:495–501

Becker AE, Becker MJ, Claudon GD, Edwards JE: Surface thrombosis and fibrous encapsulation of intravenous pacemaker catheter electrode. Circulation 1972;46:409–412.

Huang T-Y, Baba N: Cardiac pathology of transvenous pacemakers. Am Heart J 1972;83: 469–474.

Mazzetti H, Dussaut A, Tentori C, et al.: Superior vena cava occlusion and/ or syndrome related to pacemaker leads. Am Heart J 1993;125:831–837

Pauletti M, Pingitore R, Contini C: Superior vena cava obstruction at the site of interaction of two pacing electrodes. Br Heart J 1979;42: 487–489.

Matthews DM, Forfar JC: Superior vena cava stenosis: A complication of transvenous endocardial pacing. Thorax 1979;34:412–413

Yakirevich V, Alagem D, Papo J, et al: Fibrotic stenosis of the superior vena cava with widespread thrombotic occlusion of its major tributaries: An unusual complication of transvenous cardiac pacing. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1983;85:632–634

Szuman J, Lorkiewicz Z: Superior vena caval stenosis: A rare complication in permanent transvenous cardiac pacing. J Cardiovasc Surg 1985;26:79–81.

Goudevenos JA, Reid PG, Adams PC, et al: Pacemaker-induced superior vena cava syndrome: Report of four cases and review of the literature. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol 1989;12:1890–1894.

Furman S, Behrens M, Andrew C, Klementowicz P: Retained pacemaker leads. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1987;94:770–772

Rozmus G, Daubert JP, Huang DT, et al. Venous thrombosis and stenosis after implantation of pacemakers and defibrillators. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Jun;13(1):9-19. doi: 10.1007/s10840-005-1140-1. PMID: 15976973.

Bettmann MA. Noninvasive and venographic diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 1988;11 (Suppl) S15–20.

Baldt MM, Zontsich T, Kainberger F, et al. Spiral CT evaluation of deep venous thrombosis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 1997;18:369–375.

Hartnell GG, Hughes LA, Finn JP, Longmaid HE 3rd. Magnetic resonance angiography of the central chest veins. A new gold standard? Chest 1995;107:1053–1057.

Brown AK, Anderson V: Resolution of right atrial thrombus shown by cross-sectional echo. Br Heart J 1985;53:659–661.

Blackburn T, Dunn M: Pacemaker induced SVC syndrome: Consideration of management. Am Heart J 1988;116:893–896.

May KJ, Cardare JT, Stroebel PP, Riba AL: Streptokinase dissolution of a right atrial thrombus associated with a temporary pacemaker. Arch Intern Med 1988;148:903–904.

Angeli SJ, Teaneck NJ: SVC syndrome following pacemaker insertion postatrial septal defect repair. Am Heart J 1990;120:433–435.

Mugge A, Gulba D, Jost S, Daniel WG: Dissolution of a right atrial thrombus attached to permanent pacing electrodes: Usefulness of recombinant tissue type plasminogen activator. Am Heart J 1990;119:1437–1439

Marder VJ, Sherry S: Thrombolytic therapy: Current status. N Engl J Med 1988;318:1512– 1585.

Sunder SK, Elcon EA, Sivalingham K, Kumar A: SVC thrombosis due to pacing electrodes: Successful treatment with combined thrombolysis and angioplasty. Am Heart J 1992;123: 790–792.

Bracke FA, Meijer A, van Gelder LM. Pacemaker lead complications: when is extraction appropriate and what can we learn from published data? Heart. 2001 Mar;85(3):254-9. doi: 10.1136/heart.85.3.254. PMID: 11179258; PMCID: PMC1729652.