Uyku ve Epilepsi
Özet
Uyku ile epilepsi arasında iki yönlü bir ilişki söz konusudur. Core-clock (çekirdek-saat) genler ve sirkadiyen ritmi de içeren uykunun yapısı ve patofizyolojisininin incelenmesi bu nedenle önemlidir. Uyku ile ilişkili olduğu bildirilen epileptik sendromlar; uykuyla ilişkili fokal ekstratemporal epilepsi (SHE olarak da bilinen uykuyla ilişkili hipermotor epilepsi), sentrotemporal spike’larla kendini sınırlayan epilepsi (SeLECTS), epileptik ensefalopatiler (Lennox-Gastaut, Landau Kleffner sendromları) ve uyku sırasında sürekli dalgalanma ile epileptik ensefalopati (CSWS) sayılabilir. Epilepsili hastalarda en sık bildirilen en sık uyku bozuklukları ise gündüz aşırı uykululuk (hipersomni), uykusuzluk (insomni) ve uykuda solunum bozukluğudur. Bu makalede de bu çift yönlü ilişkinin mekanizması ve özellikleri değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
There is a two-way relationship between sleep and epilepsy. It is therefore important to examine the structure and pathophysiology of sleep, including core-clock genes and circadian rhythm. Epileptic syndromes reported to be related to sleep; sleep-related focal extratemporal epilepsy (sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy, also known as SHE), self-limiting epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (SeLECTS), epileptic encephalopathies (Lennox-Gastaut, Landau Kleffner syndromes), and epileptic encephalopathy with continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS). The most frequently reported sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy are excessive daytime sleepiness (hypersomnia), insomnia and sleep-disordered breathing. In this article, the mechanism and characteristics of this bidirectional relationship have been tried to be evaluated.
Referanslar
Jin B, Aung T, Geng Y, Wang S. Epilepsy and Its Interaction With Sleep and Circadian Rhythm. Front Neurol. 2020;11:327.
Moore JL, Carvalho DZ, St Louis EK, Bazil C. Sleep and Epilepsy: a Focused Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Syndromes, Co-morbidities, and Therapy. Neurotherapeutics. Jan 2021;18(1):170-180.
Calvello C, Fernandes M, Lupo C, et al. Sleep architecture in drug-naïve adult patients with epilepsy: Comparison between focal and generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia Open. Mar 2023;8(1):165-172.
Malow BA. Sleep deprivation and epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr. Sep-Oct 2004;4(5):193-195.
Gibbon FM, Maccormac E, Gringras P. Sleep and epilepsy: unfortunate bedfellows. Arch Dis Child. Feb 2019;104(2):189-192.
Saper CB, Fuller PM, Pedersen NP, Lu J, Scammell TE. Sleep state switching. Neuron. Dec 22 2010;68(6):1023-1042.
Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron. Jan 8 2014;81(1):12-34.
Patke A, Young MW, Axelrod S. Molecular mechanisms and physiological importance of circadian rhythms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. Feb 2020;21(2):67-84.
Matzen J, Buchheim K, Holtkamp M. Circadian dentate gyrus excitability in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol. Mar 2012;234(1):105-111.
Matos HC, Koike BDV, Pereira WDS, et al. Rhythms of Core Clock Genes and Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Post-Status Epilepticus Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol. 2018;9:632.
Gerstner JR, Smith GG, Lenz O, Perron IJ, Buono RJ, Ferraro TN. BMAL1 controls the diurnal rhythm and set point for electrical seizure threshold in mice. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014;8:121.
Li P, Fu X, Smith NA, et al. Loss of CLOCK Results in Dysfunction of Brain Circuits Underlying Focal Epilepsy. Neuron. Oct 11 2017;96(2):387-401.e386.
Laplante M, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell. Apr 13 2012;149(2):274-293.
Marin-Valencia I, Guerrini R, Gleeson JG. Pathogenetic mechanisms of focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia. Jul 2014;55(7):970-978.
Jouffe C, Cretenet G, Symul L, et al. The circadian clock coordinates ribosome biogenesis. PLoS Biol. 2013;11(1):e1001455.
Lipton JO, Boyle LM, Yuan ED, et al. Aberrant Proteostasis of BMAL1 Underlies Circadian Abnormalities in a Paradigmatic mTOR-opathy. Cell Rep. Jul 25 2017;20(4):868-880.
Frauscher B, von Ellenrieder N, Ferrari-Marinho T, Avoli M, Dubeau F, Gotman J. Facilitation of epileptic activity during sleep is mediated by high amplitude slow waves. Brain. Jun 2015;138(Pt 6):1629-1641.
Halász P, Bódizs R, Ujma PP, Fabó D, Szűcs A. Strong relationship between NREM sleep, epilepsy and plastic functions - A conceptual review on the neurophysiology background. Epilepsy Res. Feb 2019;150:95-105.
Ng M, Pavlova M. Why are seizures rare in rapid eye movement sleep? Review of the frequency of seizures in different sleep stages. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2013;2013:932790.
Sammaritano M, Gigli GL, Gotman J. Interictal spiking during wakefulness and sleep and the localization of foci in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. Feb 1991;41(2 ( Pt 1)):290-297.
Herman ST, Walczak TS, Bazil CW. Distribution of partial seizures during the sleep--wake cycle: differences by seizure onset site. Neurology. Jun 12 2001;56(11):1453-1459.
Loddenkemper T, Vendrame M, Zarowski M, et al. Circadian patterns of pediatric seizures. Neurology. Jan 11 2011;76(2):145-153.
Goldenholz DM, Rakesh K, Kapur K, et al. Different as night and day: Patterns of isolated seizures, clusters, and status epilepticus. Epilepsia. May 2018;59(5):e73-e77.
Crespel A, Baldy-Moulinier M, Coubes P. The relationship between sleep and epilepsy in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies: practical and physiopathologic considerations. Epilepsia. Feb 1998;39(2):150-157.
Boly M, Jones B, Findlay G, et al. Altered sleep homeostasis correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with focal epilepsy. Brain. Apr 1 2017;140(4):1026-1040.
Bower MR, Stead M, Bower RS, et al. Evidence for consolidation of neuronal assemblies after seizures in humans. J Neurosci. Jan 21 2015;35(3):999-1010.
Sarkis RA, Alam J, Pavlova MK, et al. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A pilot study. Clin Neurophysiol. Aug 2016;127(8):2785-2790.
Quigg M, Gharai S, Ruland J, et al. Insomnia in epilepsy is associated with continuing seizures and worse quality of life. Epilepsy Res. May 2016;122:91-96.
Kellaway P. The electroencephalographic features of benign centrotemporal (rolandic) epilepsy of childhood. Epilepsia. Aug 2000;41(8):1053-1056.
Kataria L, Vaughn BV. Sleep and Epilepsy. Sleep Med Clin. Mar 2016;11(1):25-38.
Wickens S, Bowden SC, D'Souza W. Cognitive functioning in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia. Oct 2017;58(10):1673-1685.
Guerrini R, Pellacani S. Benign childhood focal epilepsies. Epilepsia. Sep 2012;53 Suppl 4:9-18.
Kotagal P. Current Status of Treatments for Children with Electrical Status in Slow-Wave Sleep (ESES/CSWS). Epilepsy Curr. Jul-Aug 2017;17(4):214-216.
Halász P, Kelemen A, Clemens B, et al. The perisylvian epileptic network. A unifying concept. Ideggyogy Sz. Jan 20 2005;58(1-2):21-31.
Oldani A, Ferini-Strambi L, Zucconi M. Symptomatic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Seizure. Aug 1998;7(4):341-343.
Provini F, Plazzi G, Tinuper P, Vandi S, Lugaresi E, Montagna P. Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. A clinical and polygraphic overview of 100 consecutive cases. Brain. Jun 1999;122 ( Pt 6):1017-1031.
Tachibana N, Shinde A, Ikeda A, Akiguchi I, Kimura J, Shibasaki H. Supplementary motor area seizure resembling sleep disorder. Sleep. Dec 1996;19(10):811-816.
Proserpio P, Cossu M, Francione S, et al. Epileptic motor behaviors during sleep: anatomo-electro-clinical features. Sleep Med. Dec 2011;12 Suppl 2:S33-38.
Loddo G, Baldassarri L, Zenesini C, et al. Seizures with paroxysmal arousals in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE): Dissecting epilepsy from NREM parasomnias. Epilepsia. Oct 2020;61(10):2194-2202.
Arenas-Cabrera C, Baena-Palomino P, Sánchez-García J, Oliver-Romero M, Chocrón-González Y, Caballero-Martínez M. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy with genetic diagnosis: description of a case series in a tertiary referral hospital. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2022;14:11795735211060114.
Xu L, Guo D, Liu YY, Qiao DD, Ye JY, Xue R. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and sleep. Epilepsy Behav. Mar 2018;80:326-330.
Lanigar S, Bandyopadhyay S. Sleep and Epilepsy: A Complex Interplay. Mo Med. Nov-Dec 2017;114(6):453-457.
Badawy RA, Macdonell RA, Jackson GD, Berkovic SF. Why do seizures in generalized epilepsy often occur in the morning? Neurology. Jul 21 2009;73(3):218-222.
Mekky JF, Elbhrawy SM, Boraey MF, Omar HM. Sleep architecture in patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Sleep Med. Oct 2017;38:116-121.
Nobili L, Cardinale F, Magliola U, et al. Taylor's focal cortical dysplasia increases the risk of sleep-related epilepsy. Epilepsia. Dec 2009;50(12):2599-2604.
Tassi L, Garbelli R, Colombo N, et al. Electroclinical, MRI and surgical outcomes in 100 epileptic patients with type II FCD. Epileptic Disord. Sep 2012;14(3):257-266.
Wang X, Marcuse LV, Jin L, et al. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy activated by rapid eye movement sleep. Epileptic Disord. Feb 1 2018;20(1):65-69.
Derry CP, Davey M, Johns M, et al. Distinguishing sleep disorders from seizures: diagnosing bumps in the night. Arch Neurol. May 2006;63(5):705-709.
Malow BA, Levy K, Maturen K, Bowes R. Obstructive sleep apnea is common in medically refractory epilepsy patients. Neurology. Oct 10 2000;55(7):1002-1007.
Pornsriniyom D, Kim H, Bena J, Andrews ND, Moul D, Foldvary-Schaefer N. Effect of positive airway pressure therapy on seizure control in patients with epilepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. Epilepsy Behav. Aug 2014;37:270-275.
Malow BA, Bowes RJ, Lin X. Predictors of sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Sleep. Dec 1997;20(12):1105-1110.
Manni R, Terzaghi M, Arbasino C, Sartori I, Galimberti CA, Tartara A. Obstructive sleep apnea in a clinical series of adult epilepsy patients: frequency and features of the comorbidity. Epilepsia. Jun 2003;44(6):836-840.
Malow BA, Foldvary-Schaefer N, Vaughn BV, et al. Treating obstructive sleep apnea in adults with epilepsy: a randomized pilot trial. Neurology. Aug 19 2008;71(8):572-577.
Bazil CW, Castro LH, Walczak TS. Reduction of rapid eye movement sleep by diurnal and nocturnal seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol. Mar 2000;57(3):363-368.
Bazil CW, Walczak TS. Effects of sleep and sleep stage on epileptic and nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. Jan 1997;38(1):56-62.
Touchon J, Baldy-Moulinier M, Billiard M, Besset A, Cadilhac J. Sleep organization and epilepsy. Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1991;2:73-81.
Jain SV, Glauser TA. Effects of epilepsy treatments on sleep architecture and daytime sleepiness: an evidence-based review of objective sleep metrics. Epilepsia. Jan 2014;55(1):26-37.
Sammaritano M, Sherwin A. Effect of anticonvulsants on sleep. Neurology. 2000;54(5 Suppl 1):S16-24.
Hudson JD, Guptill JT, Byrnes W, Yates SL, Williams P, D'Cruz O. Assessment of the effects of lacosamide on sleep parameters in healthy subjects. Seizure. Feb 2015;25:155-159.
Bazil CW, Dave J, Cole J, Stalvey J, Drake E. Pregabalin increases slow-wave sleep and may improve attention in patients with partial epilepsy and insomnia. Epilepsy Behav. Apr 2012;23(4):422-425.
Bonanni E, Galli R, Maestri M, et al. Daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients receiving topiramate monotherapy. Epilepsia. Apr 2004;45(4):333-337.
Romigi A, Izzi F, Placidi F, et al. Effects of zonisamide as add-on therapy on sleep-wake cycle in focal epilepsy: a polysomnographic study. Epilepsy Behav. Feb 2013;26(2):170-174.
Malow BA, Edwards J, Marzec M, Sagher O, Ross D, Fromes G. Vagus nerve stimulation reduces daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Neurology. Sep 11 2001;57(5):879-884.
Galli R, Bonanni E, Pizzanelli C, et al. Daytime vigilance and quality of life in epileptic patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsy Behav. Apr 2003;4(2):185-191.
Hallböök T, Lundgren J, Köhler S, Blennow G, Strömblad LG, Rosén I. Beneficial effects on sleep of vagus nerve stimulation in children with therapy resistant epilepsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2005;9(6):399-407.
Hallböök T, Lundgren J, Rosén I. Ketogenic diet improves sleep quality in children with therapy-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia. Jan 2007;48(1):59-65.
Zanzmera P, Shukla G, Gupta A, et al. Effect of successful epilepsy surgery on subjective and objective sleep parameters--a prospective study. Sleep Med. Apr 2013;14(4):333-338.
Carrion MJ, Nunes ML, Martinez JV, Portuguez MW, da Costa JC. Evaluation of sleep quality in patients with refractory seizures who undergo epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Behav. Jan 2010;17(1):120-123.
Shorvon S, Tomson T. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Lancet. Dec 10 2011;378(9808):2028-2038.
Vilella L, Lacuey N, Hampson JP, et al. Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Neurology. Jan 15 2019;92(3):e171-e182.
Nobili L, Proserpio P, Rubboli G, Montano N, Didato G, Tassinari CA. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and sleep. Sleep Med Rev. Aug 2011;15(4):237-246.
McCarter AR, Timm PC, Shepard PW, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in refractory epilepsy: A pilot study investigating frequency, clinical features, and association with risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia. Oct 2018;59(10):1973-1981.
Referanslar
Jin B, Aung T, Geng Y, Wang S. Epilepsy and Its Interaction With Sleep and Circadian Rhythm. Front Neurol. 2020;11:327.
Moore JL, Carvalho DZ, St Louis EK, Bazil C. Sleep and Epilepsy: a Focused Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Syndromes, Co-morbidities, and Therapy. Neurotherapeutics. Jan 2021;18(1):170-180.
Calvello C, Fernandes M, Lupo C, et al. Sleep architecture in drug-naïve adult patients with epilepsy: Comparison between focal and generalized epilepsy. Epilepsia Open. Mar 2023;8(1):165-172.
Malow BA. Sleep deprivation and epilepsy. Epilepsy Curr. Sep-Oct 2004;4(5):193-195.
Gibbon FM, Maccormac E, Gringras P. Sleep and epilepsy: unfortunate bedfellows. Arch Dis Child. Feb 2019;104(2):189-192.
Saper CB, Fuller PM, Pedersen NP, Lu J, Scammell TE. Sleep state switching. Neuron. Dec 22 2010;68(6):1023-1042.
Tononi G, Cirelli C. Sleep and the price of plasticity: from synaptic and cellular homeostasis to memory consolidation and integration. Neuron. Jan 8 2014;81(1):12-34.
Patke A, Young MW, Axelrod S. Molecular mechanisms and physiological importance of circadian rhythms. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. Feb 2020;21(2):67-84.
Matzen J, Buchheim K, Holtkamp M. Circadian dentate gyrus excitability in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Exp Neurol. Mar 2012;234(1):105-111.
Matos HC, Koike BDV, Pereira WDS, et al. Rhythms of Core Clock Genes and Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Post-Status Epilepticus Model of Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Front Neurol. 2018;9:632.
Gerstner JR, Smith GG, Lenz O, Perron IJ, Buono RJ, Ferraro TN. BMAL1 controls the diurnal rhythm and set point for electrical seizure threshold in mice. Front Syst Neurosci. 2014;8:121.
Li P, Fu X, Smith NA, et al. Loss of CLOCK Results in Dysfunction of Brain Circuits Underlying Focal Epilepsy. Neuron. Oct 11 2017;96(2):387-401.e386.
Laplante M, Sabatini DM. mTOR signaling in growth control and disease. Cell. Apr 13 2012;149(2):274-293.
Marin-Valencia I, Guerrini R, Gleeson JG. Pathogenetic mechanisms of focal cortical dysplasia. Epilepsia. Jul 2014;55(7):970-978.
Jouffe C, Cretenet G, Symul L, et al. The circadian clock coordinates ribosome biogenesis. PLoS Biol. 2013;11(1):e1001455.
Lipton JO, Boyle LM, Yuan ED, et al. Aberrant Proteostasis of BMAL1 Underlies Circadian Abnormalities in a Paradigmatic mTOR-opathy. Cell Rep. Jul 25 2017;20(4):868-880.
Frauscher B, von Ellenrieder N, Ferrari-Marinho T, Avoli M, Dubeau F, Gotman J. Facilitation of epileptic activity during sleep is mediated by high amplitude slow waves. Brain. Jun 2015;138(Pt 6):1629-1641.
Halász P, Bódizs R, Ujma PP, Fabó D, Szűcs A. Strong relationship between NREM sleep, epilepsy and plastic functions - A conceptual review on the neurophysiology background. Epilepsy Res. Feb 2019;150:95-105.
Ng M, Pavlova M. Why are seizures rare in rapid eye movement sleep? Review of the frequency of seizures in different sleep stages. Epilepsy Res Treat. 2013;2013:932790.
Sammaritano M, Gigli GL, Gotman J. Interictal spiking during wakefulness and sleep and the localization of foci in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. Feb 1991;41(2 ( Pt 1)):290-297.
Herman ST, Walczak TS, Bazil CW. Distribution of partial seizures during the sleep--wake cycle: differences by seizure onset site. Neurology. Jun 12 2001;56(11):1453-1459.
Loddenkemper T, Vendrame M, Zarowski M, et al. Circadian patterns of pediatric seizures. Neurology. Jan 11 2011;76(2):145-153.
Goldenholz DM, Rakesh K, Kapur K, et al. Different as night and day: Patterns of isolated seizures, clusters, and status epilepticus. Epilepsia. May 2018;59(5):e73-e77.
Crespel A, Baldy-Moulinier M, Coubes P. The relationship between sleep and epilepsy in frontal and temporal lobe epilepsies: practical and physiopathologic considerations. Epilepsia. Feb 1998;39(2):150-157.
Boly M, Jones B, Findlay G, et al. Altered sleep homeostasis correlates with cognitive impairment in patients with focal epilepsy. Brain. Apr 1 2017;140(4):1026-1040.
Bower MR, Stead M, Bower RS, et al. Evidence for consolidation of neuronal assemblies after seizures in humans. J Neurosci. Jan 21 2015;35(3):999-1010.
Sarkis RA, Alam J, Pavlova MK, et al. Sleep-dependent memory consolidation in the epilepsy monitoring unit: A pilot study. Clin Neurophysiol. Aug 2016;127(8):2785-2790.
Quigg M, Gharai S, Ruland J, et al. Insomnia in epilepsy is associated with continuing seizures and worse quality of life. Epilepsy Res. May 2016;122:91-96.
Kellaway P. The electroencephalographic features of benign centrotemporal (rolandic) epilepsy of childhood. Epilepsia. Aug 2000;41(8):1053-1056.
Kataria L, Vaughn BV. Sleep and Epilepsy. Sleep Med Clin. Mar 2016;11(1):25-38.
Wickens S, Bowden SC, D'Souza W. Cognitive functioning in children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsia. Oct 2017;58(10):1673-1685.
Guerrini R, Pellacani S. Benign childhood focal epilepsies. Epilepsia. Sep 2012;53 Suppl 4:9-18.
Kotagal P. Current Status of Treatments for Children with Electrical Status in Slow-Wave Sleep (ESES/CSWS). Epilepsy Curr. Jul-Aug 2017;17(4):214-216.
Halász P, Kelemen A, Clemens B, et al. The perisylvian epileptic network. A unifying concept. Ideggyogy Sz. Jan 20 2005;58(1-2):21-31.
Oldani A, Ferini-Strambi L, Zucconi M. Symptomatic nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Seizure. Aug 1998;7(4):341-343.
Provini F, Plazzi G, Tinuper P, Vandi S, Lugaresi E, Montagna P. Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. A clinical and polygraphic overview of 100 consecutive cases. Brain. Jun 1999;122 ( Pt 6):1017-1031.
Tachibana N, Shinde A, Ikeda A, Akiguchi I, Kimura J, Shibasaki H. Supplementary motor area seizure resembling sleep disorder. Sleep. Dec 1996;19(10):811-816.
Proserpio P, Cossu M, Francione S, et al. Epileptic motor behaviors during sleep: anatomo-electro-clinical features. Sleep Med. Dec 2011;12 Suppl 2:S33-38.
Loddo G, Baldassarri L, Zenesini C, et al. Seizures with paroxysmal arousals in sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE): Dissecting epilepsy from NREM parasomnias. Epilepsia. Oct 2020;61(10):2194-2202.
Arenas-Cabrera C, Baena-Palomino P, Sánchez-García J, Oliver-Romero M, Chocrón-González Y, Caballero-Martínez M. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy with genetic diagnosis: description of a case series in a tertiary referral hospital. J Cent Nerv Syst Dis. 2022;14:11795735211060114.
Xu L, Guo D, Liu YY, Qiao DD, Ye JY, Xue R. Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and sleep. Epilepsy Behav. Mar 2018;80:326-330.
Lanigar S, Bandyopadhyay S. Sleep and Epilepsy: A Complex Interplay. Mo Med. Nov-Dec 2017;114(6):453-457.
Badawy RA, Macdonell RA, Jackson GD, Berkovic SF. Why do seizures in generalized epilepsy often occur in the morning? Neurology. Jul 21 2009;73(3):218-222.
Mekky JF, Elbhrawy SM, Boraey MF, Omar HM. Sleep architecture in patients with Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy. Sleep Med. Oct 2017;38:116-121.
Nobili L, Cardinale F, Magliola U, et al. Taylor's focal cortical dysplasia increases the risk of sleep-related epilepsy. Epilepsia. Dec 2009;50(12):2599-2604.
Tassi L, Garbelli R, Colombo N, et al. Electroclinical, MRI and surgical outcomes in 100 epileptic patients with type II FCD. Epileptic Disord. Sep 2012;14(3):257-266.
Wang X, Marcuse LV, Jin L, et al. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy activated by rapid eye movement sleep. Epileptic Disord. Feb 1 2018;20(1):65-69.
Derry CP, Davey M, Johns M, et al. Distinguishing sleep disorders from seizures: diagnosing bumps in the night. Arch Neurol. May 2006;63(5):705-709.
Malow BA, Levy K, Maturen K, Bowes R. Obstructive sleep apnea is common in medically refractory epilepsy patients. Neurology. Oct 10 2000;55(7):1002-1007.
Pornsriniyom D, Kim H, Bena J, Andrews ND, Moul D, Foldvary-Schaefer N. Effect of positive airway pressure therapy on seizure control in patients with epilepsy and obstructive sleep apnea. Epilepsy Behav. Aug 2014;37:270-275.
Malow BA, Bowes RJ, Lin X. Predictors of sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Sleep. Dec 1997;20(12):1105-1110.
Manni R, Terzaghi M, Arbasino C, Sartori I, Galimberti CA, Tartara A. Obstructive sleep apnea in a clinical series of adult epilepsy patients: frequency and features of the comorbidity. Epilepsia. Jun 2003;44(6):836-840.
Malow BA, Foldvary-Schaefer N, Vaughn BV, et al. Treating obstructive sleep apnea in adults with epilepsy: a randomized pilot trial. Neurology. Aug 19 2008;71(8):572-577.
Bazil CW, Castro LH, Walczak TS. Reduction of rapid eye movement sleep by diurnal and nocturnal seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy. Arch Neurol. Mar 2000;57(3):363-368.
Bazil CW, Walczak TS. Effects of sleep and sleep stage on epileptic and nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. Jan 1997;38(1):56-62.
Touchon J, Baldy-Moulinier M, Billiard M, Besset A, Cadilhac J. Sleep organization and epilepsy. Epilepsy Res Suppl. 1991;2:73-81.
Jain SV, Glauser TA. Effects of epilepsy treatments on sleep architecture and daytime sleepiness: an evidence-based review of objective sleep metrics. Epilepsia. Jan 2014;55(1):26-37.
Sammaritano M, Sherwin A. Effect of anticonvulsants on sleep. Neurology. 2000;54(5 Suppl 1):S16-24.
Hudson JD, Guptill JT, Byrnes W, Yates SL, Williams P, D'Cruz O. Assessment of the effects of lacosamide on sleep parameters in healthy subjects. Seizure. Feb 2015;25:155-159.
Bazil CW, Dave J, Cole J, Stalvey J, Drake E. Pregabalin increases slow-wave sleep and may improve attention in patients with partial epilepsy and insomnia. Epilepsy Behav. Apr 2012;23(4):422-425.
Bonanni E, Galli R, Maestri M, et al. Daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients receiving topiramate monotherapy. Epilepsia. Apr 2004;45(4):333-337.
Romigi A, Izzi F, Placidi F, et al. Effects of zonisamide as add-on therapy on sleep-wake cycle in focal epilepsy: a polysomnographic study. Epilepsy Behav. Feb 2013;26(2):170-174.
Malow BA, Edwards J, Marzec M, Sagher O, Ross D, Fromes G. Vagus nerve stimulation reduces daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Neurology. Sep 11 2001;57(5):879-884.
Galli R, Bonanni E, Pizzanelli C, et al. Daytime vigilance and quality of life in epileptic patients treated with vagus nerve stimulation. Epilepsy Behav. Apr 2003;4(2):185-191.
Hallböök T, Lundgren J, Köhler S, Blennow G, Strömblad LG, Rosén I. Beneficial effects on sleep of vagus nerve stimulation in children with therapy resistant epilepsy. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2005;9(6):399-407.
Hallböök T, Lundgren J, Rosén I. Ketogenic diet improves sleep quality in children with therapy-resistant epilepsy. Epilepsia. Jan 2007;48(1):59-65.
Zanzmera P, Shukla G, Gupta A, et al. Effect of successful epilepsy surgery on subjective and objective sleep parameters--a prospective study. Sleep Med. Apr 2013;14(4):333-338.
Carrion MJ, Nunes ML, Martinez JV, Portuguez MW, da Costa JC. Evaluation of sleep quality in patients with refractory seizures who undergo epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Behav. Jan 2010;17(1):120-123.
Shorvon S, Tomson T. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Lancet. Dec 10 2011;378(9808):2028-2038.
Vilella L, Lacuey N, Hampson JP, et al. Postconvulsive central apnea as a biomarker for sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Neurology. Jan 15 2019;92(3):e171-e182.
Nobili L, Proserpio P, Rubboli G, Montano N, Didato G, Tassinari CA. Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) and sleep. Sleep Med Rev. Aug 2011;15(4):237-246.
McCarter AR, Timm PC, Shepard PW, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea in refractory epilepsy: A pilot study investigating frequency, clinical features, and association with risk of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Epilepsia. Oct 2018;59(10):1973-1981.
