Psikojenik Epileptik Olmayan Nöbetler (PNEN)

Hubsch C, Baumann C, Hingray C, Gospodaru N, Vignal JP, Vespignani H, et al. Clinical classification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82(9):955-60.

Reuber M, Fernández G, Bauer J, Singh DD, Elger CE. Interictal EEG abnormalities in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2002;43(9):1013-20.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Baker GA, Duncan R, Goldstein LH, Reuber M. Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a staged approach: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force. Epilepsia. 2013;54(11):2005-18.

Saygı S. Epilepsi. Bora İ YE, Gürses C, editor. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2018. 567-72 p.

Association AP. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). Fifth ed. United States of America: APA; 2013.

Benbadis SR, Allen Hauser W. An estimate of the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Seizure. 2000;9(4):280-1.

Reuber M. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Answers and questions. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2008;12(4):622-35.

Kotsopoulos IAW, de Krom MCTFM, Kessels FGH, Lodder J, Troost J, Twellaar M, et al. The diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Research. 2003;57(1):59-67.

Stone J, Carson A, Duncan R, Roberts R, Warlow C, Hibberd C, et al. Who is referred to neurology clinics?—The diagnoses made in 3781 new patients. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2010;112(9):747-51.

Saygı S, Nonepileptik Psikojen Nöbetler. In: Kutluhan S YV, editor. Epilepside Ayırıcı Tanı. 1. ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 1-5.

Brown RJ, Reuber M. Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;45:157-82.

Bowman ES, Markand ON. Psychodynamics and psychiatric diagnoses of pseudoseizure subjects. The American journal of psychiatry. 1996;153(1):57-63.

Popkirov S, Asadi-Pooya AA, Duncan R, Gigineishvili D, Hingray C, Miguel Kanner A, et al. The aetiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: risk factors and comorbidities. Epileptic Disord. 2019;21(6):529-47.

Scévola L, Wolfzun C, Sarudiansky M, Pico MMA, Ponieman M, Stivala EG, et al. Psychiatric disorders, depression and quality of life in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and drug resistant epilepsy living in Argentina. Seizure. 2021;92:174-81.

Fiszman A, Alves-Leon SV, Nunes RG, D'Andrea I, Figueira I. Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a critical review. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(6):818-25.

Baillés E, Pintor L, Fernandez-Egea E, Torres X, Matrai S, De Pablo J, et al. Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and MMPI profile in a Spanish sample of nonepileptic seizure patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26(4):310-5.

Ziegler FJ, Imboden JB, Meyer E. Contemporary conversion reactions : a clinical study. Am J Psychiatry. 1960;116:901-10.

Sharpe D, Faye C. Non-epileptic seizures and child sexual abuse: a critical review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(8):1020-40.

Kaplan MJ, Dwivedi AK, Privitera MD, Isaacs K, Hughes C, Bowman M. Comparisons of childhood trauma, alexithymia, and defensive styles in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures vs. epilepsy: Implications for the etiology of conversion disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2013;75(2):142-6.

Ozcetin A, Belli H, Ertem U, Bahcebasi T, Ataoglu A, Canan F. Childhood trauma and dissociation in women with pseudoseizure-type conversion disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;63(6):462-8.

Yi YY, Kim HD, Lee JS, Cheon KA, Kang HC. Psychological problems and clinical outcomes of children with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55(6):1556-61.

Lopez MR, LaFrance WC. Treatment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2022;22(8):467-74.

Goldstein LH, Mellers JD. Ictal symptoms of anxiety, avoidance behaviour, and dissociation in patients with dissociative seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77(5):616-21.

Schwabe M, Howell SJ, Reuber M. Differential diagnosis of seizure disorders: a conversation analytic approach. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(4):712-24.

Chen DK, Sharma E, LaFrance WC, Jr. Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17(9):71.

Kanemoto K, LaFrance WC, Jr., Duncan R, Gigineishvili D, Park SP, Tadokoro Y, et al. PNES around the world: Where we are now and how we can close the diagnosis and treatment gaps-an ILAE PNES Task Force report. Epilepsia Open. 2017;2(3):307-16.

Gogia B, Rai PK, Matthys SA, Mong ER, Rodriguez R, Yassin A, et al. Use of noninvasive induction techniques in the diagnosis of PNES. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;99:106491.

Amin U, Benbadis SR. The Role of EEG in the Erroneous Diagnosis of Epilepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;36(4):294-7.

Saygi S, Katz A, Marks DA, Spencer SS. Frontal lobe partial seizures and psychogenic seizures: comparison of clinical and ictal characteristics. Neurology. 1992;42(7):1274-7.

Lopez MR, LaFrance WC. Treatment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2022;22(8):467-74.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Reuber M, Goldstein LH. Management of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2013;54 Suppl 1:53-67.

Kanner AM, Schachter SC, Barry JJ, Hesdorffer DC, Mula M, Trimble M, et al. Depression and epilepsy, pain and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: clinical and therapeutic perspectives. Epilepsy Behav. 2012;24(2):169-81.

Tolchin B, Baslet G, Suzuki J, Martino S, Blumenfeld H, Hirsch LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2019;60(5):986-95.

Goldstein LH, Chalder T, Chigwedere C, Khondoker MR, Moriarty J, Toone BK, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a pilot RCT. Neurology. 2010;74(24):1986-94.

LaFrance WC, Baird GL, Barry JJ, Blum AS, Webb AF, Keitner GI, et al. Multicenter pilot treatment trial for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry. 2014;71(9):997-1005.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Keitner GI, Papandonatos GD, Blum AS, Machan JT, Ryan CE, et al. Pilot pharmacologic randomized controlled trial for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Neurology. 2010;75(13):1166-73.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Barry JJ. Update on treatments of psychological nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2005;7(3):364-74.

Kerr MP, Mensah S, Besag F, de Toffol B, Ettinger A, Kanemoto K, et al. International consensus clinical practice statements for the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52(11):2133-8.

Oto M, Espie CA, Duncan R. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of immediate versus delayed withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic attacks (PNEAs). Epilepsia. 2010;51(10):1994-9.

Hubsch C, Baumann C, Hingray C, Gospodaru N, Vignal JP, Vespignani H, et al. Clinical classification of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures based on video-EEG analysis and automatic clustering. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2011;82(9):955-60.

Reuber M, Fernández G, Bauer J, Singh DD, Elger CE. Interictal EEG abnormalities in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2002;43(9):1013-20.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Baker GA, Duncan R, Goldstein LH, Reuber M. Minimum requirements for the diagnosis of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a staged approach: a report from the International League Against Epilepsy Nonepileptic Seizures Task Force. Epilepsia. 2013;54(11):2005-18.

Saygı S. Epilepsi. Bora İ YE, Gürses C, editor. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2018. 567-72 p.

Association AP. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). Fifth ed. United States of America: APA; 2013.

Benbadis SR, Allen Hauser W. An estimate of the prevalence of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Seizure. 2000;9(4):280-1.

Reuber M. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: Answers and questions. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2008;12(4):622-35.

Kotsopoulos IAW, de Krom MCTFM, Kessels FGH, Lodder J, Troost J, Twellaar M, et al. The diagnosis of epileptic and non-epileptic seizures. Epilepsy Research. 2003;57(1):59-67.

Stone J, Carson A, Duncan R, Roberts R, Warlow C, Hibberd C, et al. Who is referred to neurology clinics?—The diagnoses made in 3781 new patients. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery. 2010;112(9):747-51.

Saygı S, Nonepileptik Psikojen Nöbetler. In: Kutluhan S YV, editor. Epilepside Ayırıcı Tanı. 1. ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 1-5.

Brown RJ, Reuber M. Psychological and psychiatric aspects of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES): A systematic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;45:157-82.

Bowman ES, Markand ON. Psychodynamics and psychiatric diagnoses of pseudoseizure subjects. The American journal of psychiatry. 1996;153(1):57-63.

Popkirov S, Asadi-Pooya AA, Duncan R, Gigineishvili D, Hingray C, Miguel Kanner A, et al. The aetiology of psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: risk factors and comorbidities. Epileptic Disord. 2019;21(6):529-47.

Scévola L, Wolfzun C, Sarudiansky M, Pico MMA, Ponieman M, Stivala EG, et al. Psychiatric disorders, depression and quality of life in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures and drug resistant epilepsy living in Argentina. Seizure. 2021;92:174-81.

Fiszman A, Alves-Leon SV, Nunes RG, D'Andrea I, Figueira I. Traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a critical review. Epilepsy Behav. 2004;5(6):818-25.

Baillés E, Pintor L, Fernandez-Egea E, Torres X, Matrai S, De Pablo J, et al. Psychiatric disorders, trauma, and MMPI profile in a Spanish sample of nonepileptic seizure patients. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2004;26(4):310-5.

Ziegler FJ, Imboden JB, Meyer E. Contemporary conversion reactions : a clinical study. Am J Psychiatry. 1960;116:901-10.

Sharpe D, Faye C. Non-epileptic seizures and child sexual abuse: a critical review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006;26(8):1020-40.

Kaplan MJ, Dwivedi AK, Privitera MD, Isaacs K, Hughes C, Bowman M. Comparisons of childhood trauma, alexithymia, and defensive styles in patients with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures vs. epilepsy: Implications for the etiology of conversion disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research. 2013;75(2):142-6.

Ozcetin A, Belli H, Ertem U, Bahcebasi T, Ataoglu A, Canan F. Childhood trauma and dissociation in women with pseudoseizure-type conversion disorder. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. 2009;63(6):462-8.

Yi YY, Kim HD, Lee JS, Cheon KA, Kang HC. Psychological problems and clinical outcomes of children with psychogenic non-epileptic seizures. Yonsei Med J. 2014;55(6):1556-61.

Lopez MR, LaFrance WC. Treatment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports. 2022;22(8):467-74.

Goldstein LH, Mellers JD. Ictal symptoms of anxiety, avoidance behaviour, and dissociation in patients with dissociative seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006;77(5):616-21.

Schwabe M, Howell SJ, Reuber M. Differential diagnosis of seizure disorders: a conversation analytic approach. Soc Sci Med. 2007;65(4):712-24.

Chen DK, Sharma E, LaFrance WC, Jr. Psychogenic Non-Epileptic Seizures. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017;17(9):71.

Kanemoto K, LaFrance WC, Jr., Duncan R, Gigineishvili D, Park SP, Tadokoro Y, et al. PNES around the world: Where we are now and how we can close the diagnosis and treatment gaps-an ILAE PNES Task Force report. Epilepsia Open. 2017;2(3):307-16.

Gogia B, Rai PK, Matthys SA, Mong ER, Rodriguez R, Yassin A, et al. Use of noninvasive induction techniques in the diagnosis of PNES. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;99:106491.

Amin U, Benbadis SR. The Role of EEG in the Erroneous Diagnosis of Epilepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2019;36(4):294-7.

Saygi S, Katz A, Marks DA, Spencer SS. Frontal lobe partial seizures and psychogenic seizures: comparison of clinical and ictal characteristics. Neurology. 1992;42(7):1274-7.

Lopez MR, LaFrance WC. Treatment of Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2022;22(8):467-74.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Reuber M, Goldstein LH. Management of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2013;54 Suppl 1:53-67.

Kanner AM, Schachter SC, Barry JJ, Hesdorffer DC, Mula M, Trimble M, et al. Depression and epilepsy, pain and psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: clinical and therapeutic perspectives. Epilepsy Behav. 2012;24(2):169-81.

Tolchin B, Baslet G, Suzuki J, Martino S, Blumenfeld H, Hirsch LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of motivational interviewing for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 2019;60(5):986-95.

Goldstein LH, Chalder T, Chigwedere C, Khondoker MR, Moriarty J, Toone BK, et al. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a pilot RCT. Neurology. 2010;74(24):1986-94.

LaFrance WC, Baird GL, Barry JJ, Blum AS, Webb AF, Keitner GI, et al. Multicenter pilot treatment trial for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry. 2014;71(9):997-1005.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Keitner GI, Papandonatos GD, Blum AS, Machan JT, Ryan CE, et al. Pilot pharmacologic randomized controlled trial for psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. Neurology. 2010;75(13):1166-73.

LaFrance WC, Jr., Barry JJ. Update on treatments of psychological nonepileptic seizures. Epilepsy Behav. 2005;7(3):364-74.

Kerr MP, Mensah S, Besag F, de Toffol B, Ettinger A, Kanemoto K, et al. International consensus clinical practice statements for the treatment of neuropsychiatric conditions associated with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52(11):2133-8.

Oto M, Espie CA, Duncan R. An exploratory randomized controlled trial of immediate versus delayed withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs in patients with psychogenic nonepileptic attacks (PNEAs). Epilepsia. 2010;51(10):1994-9.