Çocuklarda İnvazif Elektrotlarla Kortikal Stimülasyon ve Haritalama
Özet
Epilepsi cerrahisinin ana hedefi, hastada herhangi bir nörolojik defisite yol açmaksızın nöbetsizlik sağlamaktır. Bu amaçla, invazif elektrotlar (subdural elektrot veya derinlik elektrodu) aracılığıyla kortikal stimülasyonla haritalama yapılması, rezektif cerrahi öncesi kritik korteks sınırlarını belirlemek için altın standarttır. Çocuklara özgü stimülasyon stratejileri ile erken çocukluk döneminde bile kritik korteks fonksiyonları doğru haritalanabilir. Fonksiyonel haritalama sonuçları, invazif elektroensefalografi verileri ile birleştirildikten sonra, kritik korteks ve epileptojenik bölge ilişkisi belirlenebilir ve güvenli rezeksiyon planlanabilir.
The main goal of epilepsy surgery is to achieve seizure freedom without causing any neurologic deficit in the patient. To this end, mapping with cortical stimulation via invasive electrodes (subdural electrode or depth electrode) is the gold standard for determining critical (eloquent) cortical boundaries before resective surgery. With child-specific stimulation strategies, critical cortical functions can be accurately mapped, even in early childhood. Once the functional mapping results are combined with invasive electroencephalography data, the relationship between critical (eloquent) cortex and epileptogenic zone can be determined and safe resection can be planned.
Referanslar
Jayakar P. Cortical Electrical Stimulation Mapping: Special Considerations in Children. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;35(2):106-109.
Hyslop A, Duchowny M. Electrical stimulation mapping in children. Seizure. 2020;77:59-63.
So EL, Alwaki A. A Guide for Cortical Electrical Stimulation Mapping. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;35(2):98-105.
Grande KM, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R. Electrical Stimulation Mapping of Brain Function: A Comparison of Subdural Electrodes and Stereo-EEG. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 ;7;14:611291.
Zea Vera A, Aungaroon G, Horn PS, et al. Language and motor function thresholds during pediatric extra-operative electrical cortical stimulation brain mapping. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(10):2087-2093.
Schuele SU, McIntyre C, LüdersH O. (2008). General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 963-978. Informa UK.
Chitoku S, Otsubo H, Harada Y, et al. Extraoperative cortical stimulation of motor function in children. Pediatr Neurol. 2001;24(5):344-50.
Tanner AS LHO. (2008) Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 978-982. Informa UK.
Dinner DS, Lüders HO. (2008) Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in human. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 991-1000. Informa UK.
Lüders H, Lesser RP, Dinner DS, Morris HH, Wyllie E, Godoy J. Localization of cortical function: new information from extraoperative monitoring of patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1988;29 Suppl 2:S56-65.
Smyth P. (2008) Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 1023-1030. Informa UK.
Tandon N. (2008).Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 1041-1055. Informa UK.
Lee HW, Hong SB, Seo DW, Tae WS, Hong SC. Mapping of functional organization in human visual cortex: electrical cortical stimulation. Neurology. 2000;22;54(4):849-54.
HoppeM. (2008). Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 1056-1065. Informa UK.
Blume WT, Jones DC, Pathak P. Properties of after-discharges from cortical electrical stimulation in focal epilepsies. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115(4):982-9.
Alarcon G, Nawoor L, Valentin A. Electrical Cortical Stimulation: Mapping for Function and Seizures. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2020;31(3):435-448.
Motamedi GK, Lesser RP, Miglioretti DL, et al. Optimizing parameters for terminating cortical afterdischarges with pulse stimulation. Epilepsia. 2002;43(8):836-46.
Arya R, Aungaroon G, Zea Vera A, et al. Fosphenytoin pre-medication for pediatric extra-operative electrical stimulation brain mapping. Epilepsy Res. 2018;140:171-176.
Referanslar
Jayakar P. Cortical Electrical Stimulation Mapping: Special Considerations in Children. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;35(2):106-109.
Hyslop A, Duchowny M. Electrical stimulation mapping in children. Seizure. 2020;77:59-63.
So EL, Alwaki A. A Guide for Cortical Electrical Stimulation Mapping. J Clin Neurophysiol. 2018;35(2):98-105.
Grande KM, Ihnen SKZ, Arya R. Electrical Stimulation Mapping of Brain Function: A Comparison of Subdural Electrodes and Stereo-EEG. Front Hum Neurosci. 2020 ;7;14:611291.
Zea Vera A, Aungaroon G, Horn PS, et al. Language and motor function thresholds during pediatric extra-operative electrical cortical stimulation brain mapping. Clin Neurophysiol. 2017;128(10):2087-2093.
Schuele SU, McIntyre C, LüdersH O. (2008). General principles of cortical mapping by electrical stimulation. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 963-978. Informa UK.
Chitoku S, Otsubo H, Harada Y, et al. Extraoperative cortical stimulation of motor function in children. Pediatr Neurol. 2001;24(5):344-50.
Tanner AS LHO. (2008) Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: primary somatosensory and motor areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 978-982. Informa UK.
Dinner DS, Lüders HO. (2008) Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: supplementary sensorimotor area in human. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 991-1000. Informa UK.
Lüders H, Lesser RP, Dinner DS, Morris HH, Wyllie E, Godoy J. Localization of cortical function: new information from extraoperative monitoring of patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1988;29 Suppl 2:S56-65.
Smyth P. (2008) Cortical mapping by electric stimulation of subdural electrodes: negative motor areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 1023-1030. Informa UK.
Tandon N. (2008).Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation of subdural electrodes: language areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 1041-1055. Informa UK.
Lee HW, Hong SB, Seo DW, Tae WS, Hong SC. Mapping of functional organization in human visual cortex: electrical cortical stimulation. Neurology. 2000;22;54(4):849-54.
HoppeM. (2008). Cortical mapping by electrical stimulation: other eloquent areas. In: Lüders HO (ed). Textbook of epilepsy surgery. Vol 1056-1065. Informa UK.
Blume WT, Jones DC, Pathak P. Properties of after-discharges from cortical electrical stimulation in focal epilepsies. Clin Neurophysiol. 2004;115(4):982-9.
Alarcon G, Nawoor L, Valentin A. Electrical Cortical Stimulation: Mapping for Function and Seizures. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2020;31(3):435-448.
Motamedi GK, Lesser RP, Miglioretti DL, et al. Optimizing parameters for terminating cortical afterdischarges with pulse stimulation. Epilepsia. 2002;43(8):836-46.
Arya R, Aungaroon G, Zea Vera A, et al. Fosphenytoin pre-medication for pediatric extra-operative electrical stimulation brain mapping. Epilepsy Res. 2018;140:171-176.
