Epilepside Nörogörüntüleme Teknikleri

Oğuz KK. Türkiye Klinikleri J Radiol-Special Topics 2008;1 (3):69-85.

Bronen RA. Epilepsy: the role for MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:1165-74.

Holmes MD, Wilensky AJ, Ojemann GA, Ojemann LM. Hippocampal or neocortical lesions on magnetic resonance imaging do not necessarily indicate site of ictal onsets in partial epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1999;45:461-5.

Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. Refractory epilepsy: comparison of MR imaging, CT, and histopathologic findings in 117 patients. Radiology. 1996; 201(1):97–105.

Berg AT, Mathern GW, Bronen RA, et al. Frequency, prognosis and surgical treatment of structural abnormalities seen with magnetic resonance imaging in childhood epilepsy. Brain. 2009; 132:2785–2797.

Gaillard WD, Cross JH, Duncan JS, et al. Epilepsy imaging study guideline criteria: commentary on diagnostic testing study guidelines and practice parameters. Epilepsia. 2011; 52(9):1750–1756.

Cendes F. Neuroimaging in investigation of patients with epilepsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 623– 642;19.

Bastos AC, Comeau R, Andermann F, et al. Diagnosis of subtle focal dysplastic lesions: curvilinear multiplanar reformatting from three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol. 1999; 46:88–94.

Colombo N, Salamon N, Raybaud C, et al. Imaging of malformations of cortical development. Epileptic Disord. 2009; 11:194–205.

Cendes F, Sakamoto AC, Spreafico R, et al. Epilepsies associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2014; 128:21–37.

Quig M, Bertram EH, Jackson T, Laws E. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging evidence of bila teral hippocampal atrophy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997;38: 588-94.

Cendes F, Cook MJ, Watson C, et al. Frequency and characteristics of dual pathology in patients with lesional epilepsy. Neurology 1995;45:2058-64.

Saavalainen T, Jutila L, Mervaala E, et al. Temporal anteroinferior encephalocele:an underrecognized etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy? Neurology. 2015; 85(17):1467–1474.

Baulac M, De Grissac N, Hasboun D, et al. Hippocampal developmental changes in patients with partial epilepsy: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical aspects. Ann Neurol 1998;44:223-33.

Bronen RA, Fullbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. MR characteristics of neoplasms and vascular malformations as sociated with epilepsy. Mag Reson Imaging 1995;13:1153-62.

Rivera PP, Willinsky RA. Intracranial cavernous malformations. Neuroimaging N Am 2003;13:27-40.

Pinker K, Stavrou I, Szomolanyi P,et al.Im proved preop rative evaluation of cerebral cavernomas by high field,high-resolution susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla: compari son with standard (1.5 T) magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with histopathological findings-preliminary results. Invest Radiol 2007;42: 346-51.

Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, et al. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 2012; 135:1348–1369.

Blumcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by anadhoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia. 2011; 52:158–174.

Montenegro MA, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I, et al. The clinical spectrum of malformations of cortical development. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2007; 65(2A):196–20.

Pisano T, Barkovich AJ, Leventer RJ, et al. Peritrigonal and temporo-occipital heterotopia with corpus callosum and cerebellar dysgenesis. Neurology. 2012; 79:1244–1251.

Kuzniecky R. Magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral developmental malformations and epilepsy. In:Cascino GD, Jack CJ, eds. Neuro imaging in epilepsy:principles and practice. New ton (MA):Butter worth-Heinemann; 1996. p.51-63.

Koh S, Jayakar P, Dunoyer C, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: presurgical evaluation and outcome. Epilepsia. 2000; 41(9):1206–1213.

Osborn, AG.Salzman, KL., Barkovich, AJ., editors. Diagnostic Imaging: Brain. 2nd. Philadelphia: Amirsys/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010.

Wang DD, Blumcke I, Coras R, et al. Sturge-Weber syndrome is associated with cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIIc and excessive hypertrophic pyramidal neurons in brain resections for intractable epilepsy. Brain Pathol. 2015; 25(3):248–255.

Lin DD, Barker PB, Hatfield LA, Comi AM. Dynamic MR perfusion and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in Sturge-Weber syndrome: correlation with neurological symptoms. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006;24: 274-81.

Oguz KK, Senturk S, Ozturk A, Anlar B, Topcu M, Cila A. Impact of recent seizures on cerebral blood flow in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome: study of 2 cases. J Child Neurol 2007;22:617-20.

Blumcke I, Aronica E, Urbach H, et al. A neuropathology-based approach to epilepsy surgery in brain tumors and proposal for a new terminology use for long-term epilepsy-associated brain tumors. Acta Neuropathol. 2014; 128(1):39–54.

Thom M, Blu¨mcke I, Aronica E. Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors. Brain Pathol. 2012; 22(3): 350–379.

Lee Y, Van Tassel P, Bruner JM, et al. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas:CT and MR imaging characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989;10:363-70.

Provanzale J. Comparison of patient age with MR imaging features of gangliogliomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:859-62.

Willmore LJ. Posttraumatic epilepsy:cellular mechanisms and implications for treatment. Epilepsia 2003; 44(suppl 10):11-7.

Frey LC. Epidemiology of posttraumatic epilepsy:a critical review. Epilepsia 2003;44 (Suppl 10)11-17.

Barkovich AJ, Truwit CL. Brain damage from perinatal asphyxia: correlation of MR findings with gestational age. AJNR. 1990; 11:1087–1096.

Teixeira RA, Li LM, Santos SL, et al. Early development destructive brain lesions and their relationship to epilepsy and hippocampal damage. Brain Dev. 2003; 25(8):560–570.

Mittal S, Mittal M, Montes JL, et al. Hypothalamic hamartomas. Part 1. Clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological characteristics. Neurosurg Focus. 2013; 34.

Roley HA, Grant PE, Roberts TPL. Diffusion MR imaging. Theory and applications. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 1999; 9:343-61.

Ebisu T, Naruse S, Horikawa Y, Ueda S, Tanaka C. Discrimination between different types of white matter edema with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1993;3:863-8.

Kim JA, Chung JI, Yoon PH, Kim DI, Chung TS, et al. Transient MR signal changes in patients with ge neralized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus:Periictal Diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22: 1149-60.

Al sop D, Detre J. Multisection cerebral blood flow MR imaging with continous arterial spin labeling. Radiology 1998;208:410-6.

Kuzniecky R, Hugg JW, Hetherington H, Butterworth E, Bilir E, et al. Relative utility of 1H spectroscopic imaging and hippocampal volumetry in the lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 1998;51:66-71.

Kuzniecky RI, et al. Proton MRSI at 4.1 T in patients with malformations of cortical development. Neurology 1997;48:1018-24.

Oğuz KK. Türkiye Klinikleri J Radiol-Special Topics 2008;1 (3):69-85.

Bronen RA. Epilepsy: the role for MR imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1992;159:1165-74.

Holmes MD, Wilensky AJ, Ojemann GA, Ojemann LM. Hippocampal or neocortical lesions on magnetic resonance imaging do not necessarily indicate site of ictal onsets in partial epilepsy. Ann Neurol 1999;45:461-5.

Bronen RA, Fulbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. Refractory epilepsy: comparison of MR imaging, CT, and histopathologic findings in 117 patients. Radiology. 1996; 201(1):97–105.

Berg AT, Mathern GW, Bronen RA, et al. Frequency, prognosis and surgical treatment of structural abnormalities seen with magnetic resonance imaging in childhood epilepsy. Brain. 2009; 132:2785–2797.

Gaillard WD, Cross JH, Duncan JS, et al. Epilepsy imaging study guideline criteria: commentary on diagnostic testing study guidelines and practice parameters. Epilepsia. 2011; 52(9):1750–1756.

Cendes F. Neuroimaging in investigation of patients with epilepsy. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 623– 642;19.

Bastos AC, Comeau R, Andermann F, et al. Diagnosis of subtle focal dysplastic lesions: curvilinear multiplanar reformatting from three dimensional magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Neurol. 1999; 46:88–94.

Colombo N, Salamon N, Raybaud C, et al. Imaging of malformations of cortical development. Epileptic Disord. 2009; 11:194–205.

Cendes F, Sakamoto AC, Spreafico R, et al. Epilepsies associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol. 2014; 128:21–37.

Quig M, Bertram EH, Jackson T, Laws E. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging evidence of bila teral hippocampal atrophy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997;38: 588-94.

Cendes F, Cook MJ, Watson C, et al. Frequency and characteristics of dual pathology in patients with lesional epilepsy. Neurology 1995;45:2058-64.

Saavalainen T, Jutila L, Mervaala E, et al. Temporal anteroinferior encephalocele:an underrecognized etiology of temporal lobe epilepsy? Neurology. 2015; 85(17):1467–1474.

Baulac M, De Grissac N, Hasboun D, et al. Hippocampal developmental changes in patients with partial epilepsy: magnetic resonance imaging and clinical aspects. Ann Neurol 1998;44:223-33.

Bronen RA, Fullbright RK, Spencer DD, et al. MR characteristics of neoplasms and vascular malformations as sociated with epilepsy. Mag Reson Imaging 1995;13:1153-62.

Rivera PP, Willinsky RA. Intracranial cavernous malformations. Neuroimaging N Am 2003;13:27-40.

Pinker K, Stavrou I, Szomolanyi P,et al.Im proved preop rative evaluation of cerebral cavernomas by high field,high-resolution susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla: compari son with standard (1.5 T) magnetic resonance imaging and correlation with histopathological findings-preliminary results. Invest Radiol 2007;42: 346-51.

Barkovich AJ, Guerrini R, Kuzniecky RI, et al. A developmental and genetic classification for malformations of cortical development: update 2012. Brain. 2012; 135:1348–1369.

Blumcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. The clinicopathologic spectrum of focal cortical dysplasias: a consensus classification proposed by anadhoc Task Force of the ILAE Diagnostic Methods Commission. Epilepsia. 2011; 52:158–174.

Montenegro MA, Cendes F, Lopes-Cendes I, et al. The clinical spectrum of malformations of cortical development. Arq Neuropsiquiatr. 2007; 65(2A):196–20.

Pisano T, Barkovich AJ, Leventer RJ, et al. Peritrigonal and temporo-occipital heterotopia with corpus callosum and cerebellar dysgenesis. Neurology. 2012; 79:1244–1251.

Kuzniecky R. Magnetic resonance imaging in cerebral developmental malformations and epilepsy. In:Cascino GD, Jack CJ, eds. Neuro imaging in epilepsy:principles and practice. New ton (MA):Butter worth-Heinemann; 1996. p.51-63.

Koh S, Jayakar P, Dunoyer C, et al. Epilepsy surgery in children with tuberous sclerosis complex: presurgical evaluation and outcome. Epilepsia. 2000; 41(9):1206–1213.

Osborn, AG.Salzman, KL., Barkovich, AJ., editors. Diagnostic Imaging: Brain. 2nd. Philadelphia: Amirsys/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2010.

Wang DD, Blumcke I, Coras R, et al. Sturge-Weber syndrome is associated with cortical dysplasia ILAE type IIIc and excessive hypertrophic pyramidal neurons in brain resections for intractable epilepsy. Brain Pathol. 2015; 25(3):248–255.

Lin DD, Barker PB, Hatfield LA, Comi AM. Dynamic MR perfusion and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in Sturge-Weber syndrome: correlation with neurological symptoms. J Magn Reson Imaging 2006;24: 274-81.

Oguz KK, Senturk S, Ozturk A, Anlar B, Topcu M, Cila A. Impact of recent seizures on cerebral blood flow in patients with Sturge-Weber syndrome: study of 2 cases. J Child Neurol 2007;22:617-20.

Blumcke I, Aronica E, Urbach H, et al. A neuropathology-based approach to epilepsy surgery in brain tumors and proposal for a new terminology use for long-term epilepsy-associated brain tumors. Acta Neuropathol. 2014; 128(1):39–54.

Thom M, Blu¨mcke I, Aronica E. Long-term epilepsy-associated tumors. Brain Pathol. 2012; 22(3): 350–379.

Lee Y, Van Tassel P, Bruner JM, et al. Juvenile pilocytic astrocytomas:CT and MR imaging characteristics. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1989;10:363-70.

Provanzale J. Comparison of patient age with MR imaging features of gangliogliomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2000;174:859-62.

Willmore LJ. Posttraumatic epilepsy:cellular mechanisms and implications for treatment. Epilepsia 2003; 44(suppl 10):11-7.

Frey LC. Epidemiology of posttraumatic epilepsy:a critical review. Epilepsia 2003;44 (Suppl 10)11-17.

Barkovich AJ, Truwit CL. Brain damage from perinatal asphyxia: correlation of MR findings with gestational age. AJNR. 1990; 11:1087–1096.

Teixeira RA, Li LM, Santos SL, et al. Early development destructive brain lesions and their relationship to epilepsy and hippocampal damage. Brain Dev. 2003; 25(8):560–570.

Mittal S, Mittal M, Montes JL, et al. Hypothalamic hamartomas. Part 1. Clinical, neuroimaging, and neurophysiological characteristics. Neurosurg Focus. 2013; 34.

Roley HA, Grant PE, Roberts TPL. Diffusion MR imaging. Theory and applications. Neuroimaging Clin North Am 1999; 9:343-61.

Ebisu T, Naruse S, Horikawa Y, Ueda S, Tanaka C. Discrimination between different types of white matter edema with diffusion-weighted MR imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 1993;3:863-8.

Kim JA, Chung JI, Yoon PH, Kim DI, Chung TS, et al. Transient MR signal changes in patients with ge neralized tonicoclonic seizure or status epilepticus:Periictal Diffusion-weighted imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2001;22: 1149-60.

Al sop D, Detre J. Multisection cerebral blood flow MR imaging with continous arterial spin labeling. Radiology 1998;208:410-6.

Kuzniecky R, Hugg JW, Hetherington H, Butterworth E, Bilir E, et al. Relative utility of 1H spectroscopic imaging and hippocampal volumetry in the lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology 1998;51:66-71.

Kuzniecky RI, et al. Proton MRSI at 4.1 T in patients with malformations of cortical development. Neurology 1997;48:1018-24.