Fokal – Multifokal Nöbetler ve Yapısal Epilepsiler

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):512–21.

Pack AM. Epilepsy Overview and Revised Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019;25(2):306-321. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000707

Nascimento FA, Friedman D, Peters JM, et al. Focal epilepsies: Update on diagnosis and classification. Epileptic Disord. 2023;25(1):1-17. doi:10.1002/epd2.20045

Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia 2010;51(4):676–685. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x.

Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2012;11(9):814–826. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70188-6.

Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: position statement by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1349–97.

Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Riney K, Samia P, et al. International league against epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: position paper by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1398–442.

Bernasconi A, Cendes F, Theodore WH, Gill RS, Koepp MJ, Hogan RE, et al. Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: a consensus report from the international league against epilepsy neuroimaging task force. Epilepsia. 2019;60(6):1054–68.

Lamberink HJ, Otte WM, Blumcke I, Braun KPJ, European Epilepsy Brain Bank Writing Group, European Epilepsy Brain Bank Study Group, et al. Seizure outcome and use of antiepileptic drugs after epilepsy surgery according to histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):748–57.

Wirrell EC, Grossardt BR, So EL, Nickels KC. A population-based study of long-term outcomes of cryptogenic focal epilepsy in childhood: cryptogenic epilepsy is probably not symptomatic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52(4):738–45.

Henning O, Heuser K, Larsen VS, et al. Temporal lobe epilepsy. Temporallappsepilepsi. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2023;143(2):10.4045/tidsskr.22.0369. Published 2023 Jan 30. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.22.0369

Walker MC. Hippocampal Sclerosis: Causes and Prevention. Semin Neurol. 2015;35(3):193-200. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1552618

Blümcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. International consensus classification of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy: a Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods. Epilepsia. 2013;54(7):1315-1329. doi:10.1111/epi.12220

Curia G, Lucchi C, Vinet J, et al. Pathophysiogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: is prevention of damage antiepileptogenic?. Curr Med Chem. 2014;21(6):663-688. doi:10.2174/0929867320666131119152201

Kasperaviciute D, Catarino CB, Matarin M, et al. Epilepsy, hippocampal sclerosis and febrile seizures linked by common genetic variation around SCN1A. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 10):3140-3150. doi:10.1093/brain/awt233

No YJ, Zavanone C, Bielle F et al. Medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis is a distinctive syndrome. J Neurol 2017; 264: 875–81.

Muhlhofer W, Tan YL, Mueller SG, Knowlton R. MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy-What do we know?. Epilepsia. 2017;58(5):727-742.

Kurita T, Sakurai K, Takeda Y, Horinouchi T, Kusumi I. Very Long-Term Outcome of Non-Surgically Treated Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159464.

Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, Eliasziw M; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Study Group. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(5):311-318.

Mathon B, Bédos Ulvin L, Adam C, et al. Surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2015;171(3):315-325.

Jobst BC, Cascino GD. Resective epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a review. JAMA. 2015;313(3):285-293.

Dash D, Tripathi M. The extratemporal lobe epilepsies in the epilepsy monitoring unit. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014;17:50-5.

Kellinghaus C, Lüders HO. Frontal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 2004;6(4):223-239.

Rasmussen T. Tailoring of cortical excisions for frontal lobe epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci 1991;18:606–10.

Bauer S, Hamer HM. Extratemporal epilepsies. Handb Clin Neurol. 2012;107:241-256.

Salanova V, Morris HH, Van Ness P et al. Frontal lobe seizures: electroclinical syndromes. Epilepsia 1995; 36: 16-16.

Benbadis S. Aphasic seizures. In: Lüders HO, Noachtar S. Epileptic seizures - Pathophysiology and clinical semiology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2000: 501-506.

Beleza P, Bilgin O, Noachtar S (2009). Interictal rhythmical midline theta differentiates frontal from temporal lobe epilepsies. Epilepsia 50: 550–555.

Bautista RE, Spencer DD, Spencer SS. EEG findings in frontal lobe epilepsies. Neurology 1998; 50: 1765-1765.

Quesney LF. Preoperative electroencephalographic investigation in frontal lobe epilepsy: electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic recordings. Can J Neurol Sci 1991; 18: 559-563.

Bautista RE, Spencer DD, Spencer SS (1998). EEG findings in frontal lobe epilepsies. Neurology 50: 1765–1771.

Vadlamudi L, So EL, Worrell GA et al. (2004). Factors underlying scalp-EEG interictal epileptiform discharges in intractable frontal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 6: 89–95.

Lee SK, Kim JY, Hong KS et al. (2000). The clinical usefulness of ictal surface EEG in neocortical epilepsy. Epilepsia 41: 1450–1455.

Blume WT, Ociepa D, Kander V (2001). Frontal lobe seizure propagation: scalp and subdural EEG studies. Epilepsia 42: 491–503.

Laskowitz DT, Sperling MR, French JA et al. The syndrome of frontal lobe epilepsy: characteristics and surgical management. Neurology 1995; 45: 780-780.

Sinclair DB, Wheatley M, Snyder T (2004). Frontal lobe epilepsy in childhood. Pediatr Neurol 30: 169–176.

Verrotti A, Sofia V, Franzoni E et al. (2007). Topiramate in frontal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 115: 132–135.

Rasmussen T (1991). Tailoring of cortical excisions for frontal lobe epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci 18: 606–610.

Elsharkawy AE, Alabbasi AH, Pannek H et al. (2008). Outcome of frontal lobe epilepsy surgery in adults. Epilepsy Res 81: 97–106.

Helmstaedter C, Gleissner U, Zentner J et al. (1998). Neuropsychological consequences of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychologia 36: 681–689.

Tellez-Zenteno JF, Dhar R, Wiebe S (2005). Long-term seizure outcomes following epilepsy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain 128: 1188–1198.

Guberman A (2004). Vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy. CMAJ 171: 1165–1166.

Jobst BC, Williamson PD, Thadani VM, Gilbert KL, Holmes GL, Morse RP, et al. Intractable occipital lobe epilepsy: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment. Epilepsia 2010;51:2334-7.

Burman RJ, Parrish RR. The Widespread Network Effects of Focal Epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2018;38(38):8107-8109. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1471-18.2018

Slinger G, Otte WM, Braun KPJ, van Diessen E. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of brain network organization in focal epilepsy: Looking back and forth. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;132:211-223.

Sheybani L, Birot G, Contestabile A, et al. Electrophysiological Evidence for the Development of a Self-Sustained Large-Scale Epileptic Network in the Kainate Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2018;38(15):3776-3791. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2193-17.2018.

Pittau F, Fahoum F, Zelmann R, Dubeau F, Gotman J. Negative BOLD response to interictal epileptic discharges in focal epilepsy. Brain Topogr. 2013;26(4):627-640. doi:10.1007/s10548-013-0302-1

Turrigiano G, Abbott LF, Marder E. Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons. Science. 1994;264(5161):974-977. doi:10.1126/science.8178157

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):512–21.

Pack AM. Epilepsy Overview and Revised Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2019;25(2):306-321. doi:10.1212/CON.0000000000000707

Nascimento FA, Friedman D, Peters JM, et al. Focal epilepsies: Update on diagnosis and classification. Epileptic Disord. 2023;25(1):1-17. doi:10.1002/epd2.20045

Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005-2009. Epilepsia 2010;51(4):676–685. doi:10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02522.x.

Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in epilepsy. Lancet Neurol 2012;11(9):814–826. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(12)70188-6.

Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: position statement by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1349–97.

Specchio N, Wirrell EC, Scheffer IE, Nabbout R, Riney K, Samia P, et al. International league against epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: position paper by the ILAE task force on nosology and definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1398–442.

Bernasconi A, Cendes F, Theodore WH, Gill RS, Koepp MJ, Hogan RE, et al. Recommendations for the use of structural magnetic resonance imaging in the care of patients with epilepsy: a consensus report from the international league against epilepsy neuroimaging task force. Epilepsia. 2019;60(6):1054–68.

Lamberink HJ, Otte WM, Blumcke I, Braun KPJ, European Epilepsy Brain Bank Writing Group, European Epilepsy Brain Bank Study Group, et al. Seizure outcome and use of antiepileptic drugs after epilepsy surgery according to histopathological diagnosis: a retrospective multicentre cohort study. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):748–57.

Wirrell EC, Grossardt BR, So EL, Nickels KC. A population-based study of long-term outcomes of cryptogenic focal epilepsy in childhood: cryptogenic epilepsy is probably not symptomatic epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2011;52(4):738–45.

Henning O, Heuser K, Larsen VS, et al. Temporal lobe epilepsy. Temporallappsepilepsi. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2023;143(2):10.4045/tidsskr.22.0369. Published 2023 Jan 30. doi:10.4045/tidsskr.22.0369

Walker MC. Hippocampal Sclerosis: Causes and Prevention. Semin Neurol. 2015;35(3):193-200. doi:10.1055/s-0035-1552618

Blümcke I, Thom M, Aronica E, et al. International consensus classification of hippocampal sclerosis in temporal lobe epilepsy: a Task Force report from the ILAE Commission on Diagnostic Methods. Epilepsia. 2013;54(7):1315-1329. doi:10.1111/epi.12220

Curia G, Lucchi C, Vinet J, et al. Pathophysiogenesis of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: is prevention of damage antiepileptogenic?. Curr Med Chem. 2014;21(6):663-688. doi:10.2174/0929867320666131119152201

Kasperaviciute D, Catarino CB, Matarin M, et al. Epilepsy, hippocampal sclerosis and febrile seizures linked by common genetic variation around SCN1A. Brain. 2013;136(Pt 10):3140-3150. doi:10.1093/brain/awt233

No YJ, Zavanone C, Bielle F et al. Medial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis is a distinctive syndrome. J Neurol 2017; 264: 875–81.

Muhlhofer W, Tan YL, Mueller SG, Knowlton R. MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy-What do we know?. Epilepsia. 2017;58(5):727-742.

Kurita T, Sakurai K, Takeda Y, Horinouchi T, Kusumi I. Very Long-Term Outcome of Non-Surgically Treated Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis: A Retrospective Study. PLoS One. 2016;11(7):e0159464.

Wiebe S, Blume WT, Girvin JP, Eliasziw M; Effectiveness and Efficiency of Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Study Group. A randomized, controlled trial of surgery for temporal-lobe epilepsy. N Engl J Med. 2001;345(5):311-318.

Mathon B, Bédos Ulvin L, Adam C, et al. Surgical treatment for mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Rev Neurol (Paris). 2015;171(3):315-325.

Jobst BC, Cascino GD. Resective epilepsy surgery for drug-resistant focal epilepsy: a review. JAMA. 2015;313(3):285-293.

Dash D, Tripathi M. The extratemporal lobe epilepsies in the epilepsy monitoring unit. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2014;17:50-5.

Kellinghaus C, Lüders HO. Frontal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord. 2004;6(4):223-239.

Rasmussen T. Tailoring of cortical excisions for frontal lobe epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci 1991;18:606–10.

Bauer S, Hamer HM. Extratemporal epilepsies. Handb Clin Neurol. 2012;107:241-256.

Salanova V, Morris HH, Van Ness P et al. Frontal lobe seizures: electroclinical syndromes. Epilepsia 1995; 36: 16-16.

Benbadis S. Aphasic seizures. In: Lüders HO, Noachtar S. Epileptic seizures - Pathophysiology and clinical semiology. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 2000: 501-506.

Beleza P, Bilgin O, Noachtar S (2009). Interictal rhythmical midline theta differentiates frontal from temporal lobe epilepsies. Epilepsia 50: 550–555.

Bautista RE, Spencer DD, Spencer SS. EEG findings in frontal lobe epilepsies. Neurology 1998; 50: 1765-1765.

Quesney LF. Preoperative electroencephalographic investigation in frontal lobe epilepsy: electroencephalographic and electrocorticographic recordings. Can J Neurol Sci 1991; 18: 559-563.

Bautista RE, Spencer DD, Spencer SS (1998). EEG findings in frontal lobe epilepsies. Neurology 50: 1765–1771.

Vadlamudi L, So EL, Worrell GA et al. (2004). Factors underlying scalp-EEG interictal epileptiform discharges in intractable frontal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic Disord 6: 89–95.

Lee SK, Kim JY, Hong KS et al. (2000). The clinical usefulness of ictal surface EEG in neocortical epilepsy. Epilepsia 41: 1450–1455.

Blume WT, Ociepa D, Kander V (2001). Frontal lobe seizure propagation: scalp and subdural EEG studies. Epilepsia 42: 491–503.

Laskowitz DT, Sperling MR, French JA et al. The syndrome of frontal lobe epilepsy: characteristics and surgical management. Neurology 1995; 45: 780-780.

Sinclair DB, Wheatley M, Snyder T (2004). Frontal lobe epilepsy in childhood. Pediatr Neurol 30: 169–176.

Verrotti A, Sofia V, Franzoni E et al. (2007). Topiramate in frontal lobe epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand 115: 132–135.

Rasmussen T (1991). Tailoring of cortical excisions for frontal lobe epilepsy. Can J Neurol Sci 18: 606–610.

Elsharkawy AE, Alabbasi AH, Pannek H et al. (2008). Outcome of frontal lobe epilepsy surgery in adults. Epilepsy Res 81: 97–106.

Helmstaedter C, Gleissner U, Zentner J et al. (1998). Neuropsychological consequences of epilepsy surgery in frontal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychologia 36: 681–689.

Tellez-Zenteno JF, Dhar R, Wiebe S (2005). Long-term seizure outcomes following epilepsy surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain 128: 1188–1198.

Guberman A (2004). Vagus nerve stimulation in the treatment of epilepsy. CMAJ 171: 1165–1166.

Jobst BC, Williamson PD, Thadani VM, Gilbert KL, Holmes GL, Morse RP, et al. Intractable occipital lobe epilepsy: Clinical characteristics and surgical treatment. Epilepsia 2010;51:2334-7.

Burman RJ, Parrish RR. The Widespread Network Effects of Focal Epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2018;38(38):8107-8109. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1471-18.2018

Slinger G, Otte WM, Braun KPJ, van Diessen E. An updated systematic review and meta-analysis of brain network organization in focal epilepsy: Looking back and forth. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022;132:211-223.

Sheybani L, Birot G, Contestabile A, et al. Electrophysiological Evidence for the Development of a Self-Sustained Large-Scale Epileptic Network in the Kainate Mouse Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. J Neurosci. 2018;38(15):3776-3791. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2193-17.2018.

Pittau F, Fahoum F, Zelmann R, Dubeau F, Gotman J. Negative BOLD response to interictal epileptic discharges in focal epilepsy. Brain Topogr. 2013;26(4):627-640. doi:10.1007/s10548-013-0302-1

Turrigiano G, Abbott LF, Marder E. Activity-dependent changes in the intrinsic properties of cultured neurons. Science. 1994;264(5161):974-977. doi:10.1126/science.8178157