Epilepsi ve Epilepsi Sendromlarının Sınıflandırılması
Özet
Epilepside ilk epileptik nöbetin görülmesinden itibaren etkin tedaviyi belirlemek ve seyiri öngörebilmek ve etkin tedaviyi belirlemek adına sınıflama yapmak amaçlanmalıdır. Epilepsiye ait klinik özellikler üç aşamada gruplandırılmaktadır; nöbet, epilepsi ve epileptik sendromlar. Epilepsi sınıflaması da bu üç başlık gözetilerek yapılmaktadır. Uluslararası Epilepsi ile Savaş Derneği (ILAE) tarafından belli aralıklarla epilepsi sınıflamaları güncellenmektedir. Bu metinde çocukluk yaş gruplarında güncel olarak kullanılan ILAE 2017 Nöbet ve Epilepsi sınıflaması, ILAE 2022 Epileptik sendromlar sınıflaması ve ILAE 2021 Yenidoğan nöbetleri sınıflamalarına yer verilmiştir.
Classification of epilepsy should be targeted with the onset of first epileptic seizure; it is essential for determining effective treatment as well as predicting the course. Clinical features of epilepsy are categorized into three stages; seizure, epilepsy and epileptic syndrome. The classification of epilepsy is carried out with regard to these three categories. Epilepsy classifications are periodically updated by The International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE). This review includes includes the ILAE 2017 Classification of Seizure Types and Epilepsies, the ILAE 2022 Classification of Epileptic Syndromes, and 2021 Modification for Seizures in the Neonate; which are currently utilized for pediatric age groups.
Referanslar
Gastaut H. Classification of the epilepsies. Proposal for an international classification. Epilepsia 1969;10(suppl):14–21.
Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 1981; 22:489–501.
Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. From the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1981;22:489–501.
Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia. 1989; 30:389– 399.
Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005– 2009. Epilepsia. 2010; 51:676–685.
Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, Hirsch E, Jain S, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Nordli DR, Perucca E, Tomson T, Wiebe S, Zhang YH, Zuberi SM. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-521.
Wirrell E, Tinuper P, Perucca E, Moshé SL. Introduction to the epilepsy syndrome papers. Epilepsia. 2022;63:1330–1332.
Epilepsydiagnosis.org ; Text on this website last updated July 15,2022, website is owned by the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE). ‘’ EPILEPSY CLASSIFICATION (epilepsydiagnosis.org)’’
Sarmast ST, Abdullahi AM, Jahan N. Current Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies: Scope, Limitations and Recommendations for Future Action. Cureus. 2020 Sep 20;12(9):e10549.
Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, Lagae L, Moshé SL, Peltola J, Roulet Perez E, Scheffer IE, Zuberi SM. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-530.
Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014; 55:475–482.
Wirrell, EC, Nabbout, R, Scheffer, IE, Alsaadi, T, Bogacz, A, French, JA, et al. Methodology for classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with list of syndromes: Report of the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1333–1348. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17237
Zuberi, SM, Wirrell, E, Yozawitz, E, Wilmshurst, JM, Specchio, N, Riney, K, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1349–1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17239
Specchio, N, Wirrell, EC, Scheffer, IE, Nabbout, R, Riney, K, Samia, P, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1398–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17241
Riney, K, Bogacz, A, Somerville, E, Hirsch, E, Nabbout, R, Scheffer, IE, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset at a variable age: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1443–1474. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17240
Hirsch, E, French, J, Scheffer, IE, Bogacz, A, Alsaadi, T, Sperling, MR, et al. ILAE definition of the Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1475–1499. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17236
Pressler RM, Cilio MR, Mizrahi EM, Moshé SL, Nunes ML, Plouin P, Vanhatalo S, Yozawitz E, de Vries LS, Puthenveettil Vinayan K, Triki CC, Wilmshurst JM, Yamamoto H, Zuberi SM. The ILAE classification of seizures and the epilepsies: Modification for seizures in the neonate. Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Neonatal Seizures. Epilepsia. 2021 Mar;62(3):615-628.
Mizrahi EM, Kellaway P. Characterization and classification of neonatal seizures. Neurology. 1987;37(12):1837–44.
Mizrahi EM, Pressler RM. Foundations of neonatal epileptology: classification of seizures and epilepsies in the neonate and their aetiology, electroencephalography, prognosis and pathophysiology. In: Moshé SL, Cross JH, de Bellescize J, de Vries L, Nordli D, Vigevano F, editors. Seizures and Syndromes of Onset in the First Two Years of Life. Paris: John Libbey; 2015.
Nagarajan L, Ghosh S, Palumbo L. Ictal electroencephalograms in neonatal seizures: characteristics and associations. Pediatr Neurol. 2011
Referanslar
Gastaut H. Classification of the epilepsies. Proposal for an international classification. Epilepsia 1969;10(suppl):14–21.
Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. Epilepsia. 1981; 22:489–501.
Proposal for revised clinical and electroencephalographic classification of epileptic seizures. From the Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Epilepsia 1981;22:489–501.
Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against Epilepsy. Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epileptic syndromes. Epilepsia. 1989; 30:389– 399.
Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al. Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005– 2009. Epilepsia. 2010; 51:676–685.
Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, Hirsch E, Jain S, Mathern GW, Moshé SL, Nordli DR, Perucca E, Tomson T, Wiebe S, Zhang YH, Zuberi SM. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):512-521.
Wirrell E, Tinuper P, Perucca E, Moshé SL. Introduction to the epilepsy syndrome papers. Epilepsia. 2022;63:1330–1332.
Epilepsydiagnosis.org ; Text on this website last updated July 15,2022, website is owned by the International League Against Epilepsy(ILAE). ‘’ EPILEPSY CLASSIFICATION (epilepsydiagnosis.org)’’
Sarmast ST, Abdullahi AM, Jahan N. Current Classification of Seizures and Epilepsies: Scope, Limitations and Recommendations for Future Action. Cureus. 2020 Sep 20;12(9):e10549.
Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, Lagae L, Moshé SL, Peltola J, Roulet Perez E, Scheffer IE, Zuberi SM. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017 Apr;58(4):522-530.
Fisher RS, Acevedo C, Arzimanoglou A, et al. ILAE official report: a practical clinical definition of epilepsy. Epilepsia. 2014; 55:475–482.
Wirrell, EC, Nabbout, R, Scheffer, IE, Alsaadi, T, Bogacz, A, French, JA, et al. Methodology for classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with list of syndromes: Report of the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1333–1348. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17237
Zuberi, SM, Wirrell, E, Yozawitz, E, Wilmshurst, JM, Specchio, N, Riney, K, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1349–1397. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17239
Specchio, N, Wirrell, EC, Scheffer, IE, Nabbout, R, Riney, K, Samia, P, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in childhood: Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1398–1442. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17241
Riney, K, Bogacz, A, Somerville, E, Hirsch, E, Nabbout, R, Scheffer, IE, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset at a variable age: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1443–1474. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17240
Hirsch, E, French, J, Scheffer, IE, Bogacz, A, Alsaadi, T, Sperling, MR, et al. ILAE definition of the Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy Syndromes: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022; 63: 1475–1499. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.17236
Pressler RM, Cilio MR, Mizrahi EM, Moshé SL, Nunes ML, Plouin P, Vanhatalo S, Yozawitz E, de Vries LS, Puthenveettil Vinayan K, Triki CC, Wilmshurst JM, Yamamoto H, Zuberi SM. The ILAE classification of seizures and the epilepsies: Modification for seizures in the neonate. Position paper by the ILAE Task Force on Neonatal Seizures. Epilepsia. 2021 Mar;62(3):615-628.
Mizrahi EM, Kellaway P. Characterization and classification of neonatal seizures. Neurology. 1987;37(12):1837–44.
Mizrahi EM, Pressler RM. Foundations of neonatal epileptology: classification of seizures and epilepsies in the neonate and their aetiology, electroencephalography, prognosis and pathophysiology. In: Moshé SL, Cross JH, de Bellescize J, de Vries L, Nordli D, Vigevano F, editors. Seizures and Syndromes of Onset in the First Two Years of Life. Paris: John Libbey; 2015.
Nagarajan L, Ghosh S, Palumbo L. Ictal electroencephalograms in neonatal seizures: characteristics and associations. Pediatr Neurol. 2011
