Epilepsinin Epidemiyolojisi

Yazarlar

Semra Büyükkorkmaz Öztürk
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6056-6271

Özet

Referanslar

Beghi E. The epidemiology of epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology. 2020;54(2):185-91.

Falco-Walter J, editor Epilepsy—definition, classification, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. Seminars in neurology; 2020: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY ….

Vergonjeanne M, Auditeau E, Erazo D, Luna J, Gelle T, Gbessemehlan A, et al. Epidemiology of epilepsy in low-and middle-income countries: experience of a standardized questionnaire over the past two decades. Neuroepidemiology. 2021;55(5):369-80.

Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S, Patten SB, Kwon C-S, Dykeman J, et al. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies. Neurology. 2017;88(3):296-303.

Serdaroglu A, Ozkan S, Aydin K, Gücüyener K, Tezcan S, Aycan S. Prevalence of epilepsy in Turkish children between the ages of 0 and 16 years. Journal of child neurology. 2004;19(4):271-4.

Canpolat M, Kumandas S, Poyrazoglu HG, Gumus H, Elmali F, Per H. Prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy among school children in Kayseri City Center, an urban area in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Seizure. 2014;23(9):708-16.

Hunter MB, Yoong M, Sumpter RE, Verity K, Shetty J, McLellan A, et al. Incidence of early-onset epilepsy: A prospective population-based study. Seizure. 2020;75:49-54.

Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984. Epilepsia. 1993;34(3):453-8.

Gogou M, Cross JH. Seizures and epilepsy in childhood. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2022;28(2):428-56.

Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1349-97.

Wirrell EC, Grossardt BR, Wong-Kisiel LC, Nickels KC. Incidence and classification of new-onset epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes in children in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1980 to 2004: a population-based study. Epilepsy research. 2011;95(1-2):110-8.

Camfield CS, Camfield PR, Gordon K, Wirrell E, Dooley JM. Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: a population‐based study in Nova Scotia from 1977 to 1985. Epilepsia. 1996;37(1):19-23.

Symonds JD, Elliott KS, Shetty J, Armstrong M, Brunklaus A, Cutcutache I, et al. Early childhood epilepsies: epidemiology, classification, aetiology, and socio-economic determinants. Brain. 2021;144(9):2879-91.

Berg AT, Langfitt JT, Testa FM, Levy SR, DiMario F, Westerveld M, et al. Global cognitive function in children with epilepsy: a community‐based study. Epilepsia. 2008;49(4):608-14.

Wilson SJ, Micallef S, Henderson A, Rayner G, Wrennall JA, Spooner C, et al. Developmental outcomes of childhood‐onset temporal lobe epilepsy: a community‐based study. Epilepsia. 2012;53(9):1587-96.

Babunovska M, Boskovski B, Kuzmanovski I, Isjanovska R, Trencevska GK, Cvetkovska E. Incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in the Republic of North Macedonia: Data from nationwide integrated health care platform. Seizure. 2021;87:56-60.

Angwafor SA, Bell GS, Ngarka L, Otte W, Tabah EN, Nfor LN, et al. Incidence and prevalence of epilepsy and associated factors in a health district in North-West Cameroon: A population survey. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2021;121:108048.

Alva‐Díaz C, Navarro‐Flores A, Rivera‐Torrejon O, Huerta‐Rosario A, Molina RA, Velásquez‐Rimachi V, et al. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based studies. Epilepsia. 2021;62(4):984-96.

Canpolat M, Per H, Gumus H, Elmali F, Kumandas S. Investigating the prevalence of febrile convulsion in Kayseri, Turkey: An assessment of the risk factors for recurrence of febrile convulsion and for development of epilepsy. Seizure. 2018;55:36-47.

Idris A, Alabdaljabar MS, Almiro A, Alsuraimi A, Dawalibi A, Abduljawad S, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of epilepsy in arab countries: A systematic review. Seizure. 2021;92:40-50.

Wigglesworth S, Neligan A, Dickson J, Pullen A, Yelland E, Anjuman T, et al. The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in the United Kingdom 2013–2018: A retrospective cohort study of UK primary care data. Seizure. 2023;105:37-42.

Andreolli A, Turco EC, Pedrazzi G, Beghi E, Pisani F. Incidence of epilepsy after neonatal seizures: a population-based study. Neuroepidemiology. 2019;52(3-4):144-51.

Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):522-30.

Cooper C. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology. 2019;18(4):357-75.

Schubert-Bast S, Kaur M, Joeres L, Foskett N, Roebling R, Strzelczyk A. Epidemiology of focal onset seizures in children aged> 1 month to 4 years in Europe, United States, and Canada: A literature review. Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy. 2023.

Ünver O, Keskin SP, Uysal S, Ünver A. The epidemiology of epilepsy in children: a report from a Turkish pediatric neurology clinic. Journal of child neurology. 2015;30(6):698-702.

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):512-21.

Wirrell E, Tinuper P, Perucca E, Moshé SL. Introduction to the epilepsy syndrome papers. Wiley Online Library; 2022. p. 1330-2.

Ramos-Lizana J, Martinez-Espinosa G, Rodriguez-Lucenilla M, Aguirre-Rodriguez J, Aguilera-Lopez P. Frequency, semiology and prognosis of benign infantile epilepsy. Revista de Neurologia. 2018;66(8):254-60.

Auvin S, Pandit F, De Bellecize J, Badinand N, Isnard H, Motte J, et al. Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infants: electroclinical features and long‐term follow‐up of 34 patients. Epilepsia. 2006;47(2):387-93.

Symonds JD, Zuberi SM, Stewart K, McLellan A, O ‘Regan M, MacLeod S, et al. Incidence and phenotypes of childhood-onset genetic epilepsies: a prospective population-based national cohort. Brain. 2019;142(8):2303-18.

McTague A, Appleton R, Avula S, Cross JH, King MD, Jacques TS, et al. Migrating partial seizures of infancy: expansion of the electroclinical, radiological and pathological disease spectrum. Brain. 2013;136(5):1578-91.

Wu YW, Sullivan J, McDaniel SS, Meisler MH, Walsh EM, Li SX, et al. Incidence of Dravet syndrome in a US population. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1310-e5.

Baxter P. Pyridoxine-dependent and pyridoxine-responsive seizures. Developmental medicine and child neurology. 2001;43(6):416-20.

Lindy AS, Stosser MB, Butler E, Downtain‐Pickersgill C, Shanmugham A, Retterer K, et al. Diagnostic outcomes for genetic testing of 70 genes in 8565 patients with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. Epilepsia. 2018;59(5):1062-71.

Kothur K, Holman K, Farnsworth E, Ho G, Lorentzos M, Troedson C, et al. Diagnostic yield of targeted massively parallel sequencing in children with epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure. 2018;59:132-40.

Weir E, Gibbs J, Appleton R. Panayiotopoulos syndrome and benign partial epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: A comparative incidence study. Seizure. 2018;57:66-9.

Astradsson A, Olafsson E, Ludvigsson P, Björgvinsson H, Hauser WA. Rolandic epilepsy: an incidence study in Iceland. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):884-6.

Specchio N, Trivisano M, Di Ciommo V, Cappelletti S, Masciarelli G, Volkov J, et al. Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a clinical, EEG, and neuropsychological study of 93 consecutive patients. Epilepsia. 2010;51(10):2098-107.

Panayiotopoulos C. Vomiting as an ictal manifestation of epileptic seizures and syndromes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1988;51(11):1448-51.

Berg AT, Shinnar S, Levy SR, Testa FM. Newly diagnosed epilepsy in children: presentation at diagnosis. Epilepsia. 1999;40(4):445-52.

Guerrini R, Dravet C, Genton P, Bureau M, Bonanni P, Ferrari AR, et al. Idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1995;36(9):883-91.

Wang X-L, Bao J-X, Deng Y-C, Zhao G, Swa B, Liu Y-H. Jeavons syndrome in China. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2014;32:64-71.

Giannakodimos S, Panayiotopoulos CP. Eyelid myoclonia with absences in adults: a clinical and video‐EEG study. Epilepsia. 1996;37(1):36-44.

Bureau M, Tassinari CA. Epilepsy with myoclonic absences. Brain and Development. 2005;27(3):178-84.

Kelley SA, Kossoff EH. Doose syndrome (myoclonic–astatic epilepsy): 40 years of progress. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2010;52(11):988-93.

Genton P. The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; The epilepsies, Part II. Handbook of clinical neurology. 2000;73(29):211-22.

Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM. Evolution and course of early life developmental encephalopathic epilepsies: Focus on Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome. Epilepsia. 2018;59(11):2096-105.

Eksioglu YZ, Tas E, Takeoka M, Sarco D, Rotenberg A, Kothare SV, et al., editors. Clinical presentation and acute treatment of electrical status epilepticus in sleep and sleep potentiated spikes. Neurology; 2009: LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA.

Morikawa T. Clinical relevance of continuous spike-wave during slow wave sleep. Advances in epileptology. 1989:359-63.

Singhal NS, Sullivan JE. Continuous spike-wave during slow wave sleep and related conditions. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2014;2014.

van Baalen A, Häusler M, Plecko-Startinig B, Strautmanis J, Vlaho S, Gebhardt B, et al. Febrile infection-related epilepsy syndrome without detectable autoantibodies and response to immunotherapy: a case series and discussion of epileptogenesis in FIRES. Neuropediatrics. 2012;43(04):209-16.

Riney K, Bogacz A, Somerville E, Hirsch E, Nabbout R, Scheffer IE, et al. International League Against Epilepsy classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset at a variable age: position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1443-74.

Jallon P, Latour P. Epidemiology of idiopathic generalized epilepsies. Epilepsia. 2005;46:10-4.

Licchetta L, Bisulli F, Vignatelli L, Zenesini C, Di Vito L, Mostacci B, et al. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy: long-term outcome in a large cohort. Neurology. 2017;88(1):70-7.

Vignatelli L, Bisulli F, Giovannini G, Licchetta L, Naldi I, Mostacci B, et al. Prevalence of sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy—formerly named nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy—in the adult population of the Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy. Sleep. 2017;40(2):zsw041.

Perucca P, Crompton DE, Bellows ST, McIntosh AM, Kalincik T, Newton MR, et al. Familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and the borderland of déjà vu. Annals of Neurology. 2017;82(2):166-76.

Hauser WA, Kurland LT. The epidemiology of epilepsy in Rochester, Minnesota, 1935 through 1967. Epilepsia. 1975;16(1):1-66.

Asadi-Pooya AA, Stewart GR, Abrams DJ, Sharan A. Prevalence and incidence of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in the United States. World neurosurgery. 2017;99:662-6.

Lamb K, Scott W, Mensah A, Robinson R, Varadkar S, Cross J. Prevalence and clinical outcome of Rasmussen encephalitis in children from the United Kingdom. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2013;55(suppl 1):14.

Varadkar S, Bien CG, Kruse CA, Jensen FE, Bauer J, Pardo CA, et al. Rasmussen's encephalitis: clinical features, pathobiology, and treatment advances. The Lancet Neurology. 2014;13(2):195-205.

Norio R, Koskiniemi M. Progressive myoclonus epilepsy: genetic and nosological aspects with special reference to 107 Finnish patients. Clinical genetics. 1979;15(5):382-98.

Berg AT, Levy SR, Testa FM, Shinnar S. Classification of childhood epilepsy syndromes in newly diagnosed epilepsy: interrater agreement and reasons for disagreement. Epilepsia. 1999;40(4):439-44.

Morita ME, Yasuda CL, Betting LE, Pacagnella D, Conz L, Barbosa PH, et al. MRI and EEG as long-term seizure outcome predictors in familial mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 2012;79(24):2349-54.

Provini F, Plazzi G, Tinuper P, Vandi S, Lugaresi E, Montagna P. Nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy: a clinical and polygraphic overview of 100 consecutive cases. Brain. 1999;122(6):1017-31.

Berkovic SF, Serratosa JM, Phillips HA, Xiong L, Andermann E, Díaz‐Otero F, et al. Familial partial epilepsy with variable foci: clinical features and linkage to chromosome 22q12. Epilepsia. 2004;45(9):1054-60.

Millichap JG. Reading epilepsy response to anticonvulsants. Pediatric Neurology Briefs. 2012:39-40.

Trinka E, Cock H, Hesdorffer D, Rossetti AO, Scheffer IE, Shinnar S, et al. A definition and classification of status epilepticus–Report of the ILAE Task Force on Classification of Status Epilepticus. Epilepsia. 2015;56(10):1515-23.

Gurcharran K, Grinspan ZM. The burden of pediatric status epilepticus: Epidemiology, morbidity, mortality, and costs. Seizure. 2019;68:3-8.

Vasquez A, Farias-Moeller R, Tatum W. Pediatric refractory and super-refractory status epilepticus. Seizure. 2019;68:62-71.

Eriksson K, Metsäranta P, Huhtala H, Auvinen A, Kuusela A-L, Koivikko M. Treatment delay and the risk of prolonged status epilepticus. Neurology. 2005;65(8):1316-8.

Barzegar M, Mahdavi M, Behbehani AG, Tabrizi A. Refractory convulsive status epilepticus in children: etiology, associated risk factors and outcome. Iranian journal of child neurology. 2015;9(4):24.

Chin RF, Neville BG, Peckham C, Bedford H, Wade A, Scott RC. Incidence, cause, and short-term outcome of convulsive status epilepticus in childhood: prospective population-based study. The Lancet. 2006;368(9531):222-9.

Kravljanac R, Djuric M, Jankovic B, Pekmezovic T. Etiology, clinical course and response to the treatment of status epilepticus in children: a 16-year single-center experience based on 602 episodes of status epilepticus. european journal of paediatric neurology. 2015;19(5):584-90.

Zimmern V, Korff C. Status epilepticus in children. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2020;37(5):429-33.

Govoni V, Fallica E, Monetti VC, Guerzoni F, Faggioli R, Casetta I, et al. Incidence of status epilepticus in southern Europe: a population study in the health district of Ferrara, Italy. European neurology. 2008;59(3-4):120-6.

Schubert‐Bast S, Zöllner JP, Ansorge S, Hapfelmeier J, Bonthapally V, Eldar‐Lissai A, et al. Burden and epidemiology of status epilepticus in infants, children, and adolescents: a population‐based study on German health insurance data. Epilepsia. 2019;60(5):911-20.

Kantanen A-M, Reinikainen M, Parviainen I, Ruokonen E, Ala-Peijari M, Bäcklund T, et al. Incidence and mortality of super-refractory status epilepticus in adults. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2015;49:131-4.

Towne A, Waterhouse E, Boggs J, Garnett L, Brown A, Smith J, et al. Prevalence of nonconvulsive status epilepticus in comatose patients. Neurology. 2000;54(2):340-.

Berg AT, Wusthoff C, Shellhaas RA, Loddenkemper T, Grinspan ZM, Saneto RP, et al. Immediate outcomes in early life epilepsy: a contemporary account. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2019;97:44-50.

Asadi-Pooya AA, Sperling MR. Clinical features of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy. Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology. 2009;26(5):297-301.

Saetre E, Abdelnoor M. Incidence rate of sudden death in epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2018;86:193-9.

Sveinsson O, Andersson T, Carlsson S, Tomson T. The incidence of SUDEP: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Neurology. 2017;89(2):170-7.

Kløvgaard M, Lynge TH, Tsiropoulos I, Uldall PV, Banner J, Winkel BG, et al. Epilepsy-related mortality in children and young adults in Denmark: a nationwide cohort study. Neurology. 2022;98(3):e213-e24.

Tomson T, Sveinsson O, Carlsson S, Andersson T. Evolution over time of SUDEP incidence: a nationwide population‐based cohort study. Epilepsia. 2018;59(8):e120-e4.

Epilepsy GCa, Diseases PfN, Epilepsy IBo, Epilepsy ILa. Atlas: Epilepsy care in the world: World Health Organization; 2005.

Singh G, Sander JW. The global burden of epilepsy report: Implications for low-and middle-income countries. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2020;105:106949.

Referanslar

Beghi E. The epidemiology of epilepsy. Neuroepidemiology. 2020;54(2):185-91.

Falco-Walter J, editor Epilepsy—definition, classification, pathophysiology, and epidemiology. Seminars in neurology; 2020: Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. 333 Seventh Avenue, 18th Floor, New York, NY ….

Vergonjeanne M, Auditeau E, Erazo D, Luna J, Gelle T, Gbessemehlan A, et al. Epidemiology of epilepsy in low-and middle-income countries: experience of a standardized questionnaire over the past two decades. Neuroepidemiology. 2021;55(5):369-80.

Fiest KM, Sauro KM, Wiebe S, Patten SB, Kwon C-S, Dykeman J, et al. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international studies. Neurology. 2017;88(3):296-303.

Serdaroglu A, Ozkan S, Aydin K, Gücüyener K, Tezcan S, Aycan S. Prevalence of epilepsy in Turkish children between the ages of 0 and 16 years. Journal of child neurology. 2004;19(4):271-4.

Canpolat M, Kumandas S, Poyrazoglu HG, Gumus H, Elmali F, Per H. Prevalence and risk factors of epilepsy among school children in Kayseri City Center, an urban area in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Seizure. 2014;23(9):708-16.

Hunter MB, Yoong M, Sumpter RE, Verity K, Shetty J, McLellan A, et al. Incidence of early-onset epilepsy: A prospective population-based study. Seizure. 2020;75:49-54.

Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kurland LT. Incidence of epilepsy and unprovoked seizures in Rochester, Minnesota: 1935–1984. Epilepsia. 1993;34(3):453-8.

Gogou M, Cross JH. Seizures and epilepsy in childhood. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology. 2022;28(2):428-56.

Zuberi SM, Wirrell E, Yozawitz E, Wilmshurst JM, Specchio N, Riney K, et al. ILAE classification and definition of epilepsy syndromes with onset in neonates and infants: Position statement by the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Epilepsia. 2022;63(6):1349-97.

Wirrell EC, Grossardt BR, Wong-Kisiel LC, Nickels KC. Incidence and classification of new-onset epilepsy and epilepsy syndromes in children in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1980 to 2004: a population-based study. Epilepsy research. 2011;95(1-2):110-8.

Camfield CS, Camfield PR, Gordon K, Wirrell E, Dooley JM. Incidence of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence: a population‐based study in Nova Scotia from 1977 to 1985. Epilepsia. 1996;37(1):19-23.

Symonds JD, Elliott KS, Shetty J, Armstrong M, Brunklaus A, Cutcutache I, et al. Early childhood epilepsies: epidemiology, classification, aetiology, and socio-economic determinants. Brain. 2021;144(9):2879-91.

Berg AT, Langfitt JT, Testa FM, Levy SR, DiMario F, Westerveld M, et al. Global cognitive function in children with epilepsy: a community‐based study. Epilepsia. 2008;49(4):608-14.

Wilson SJ, Micallef S, Henderson A, Rayner G, Wrennall JA, Spooner C, et al. Developmental outcomes of childhood‐onset temporal lobe epilepsy: a community‐based study. Epilepsia. 2012;53(9):1587-96.

Babunovska M, Boskovski B, Kuzmanovski I, Isjanovska R, Trencevska GK, Cvetkovska E. Incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in the Republic of North Macedonia: Data from nationwide integrated health care platform. Seizure. 2021;87:56-60.

Angwafor SA, Bell GS, Ngarka L, Otte W, Tabah EN, Nfor LN, et al. Incidence and prevalence of epilepsy and associated factors in a health district in North-West Cameroon: A population survey. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2021;121:108048.

Alva‐Díaz C, Navarro‐Flores A, Rivera‐Torrejon O, Huerta‐Rosario A, Molina RA, Velásquez‐Rimachi V, et al. Prevalence and incidence of epilepsy in Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of population‐based studies. Epilepsia. 2021;62(4):984-96.

Canpolat M, Per H, Gumus H, Elmali F, Kumandas S. Investigating the prevalence of febrile convulsion in Kayseri, Turkey: An assessment of the risk factors for recurrence of febrile convulsion and for development of epilepsy. Seizure. 2018;55:36-47.

Idris A, Alabdaljabar MS, Almiro A, Alsuraimi A, Dawalibi A, Abduljawad S, et al. Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of epilepsy in arab countries: A systematic review. Seizure. 2021;92:40-50.

Wigglesworth S, Neligan A, Dickson J, Pullen A, Yelland E, Anjuman T, et al. The incidence and prevalence of epilepsy in the United Kingdom 2013–2018: A retrospective cohort study of UK primary care data. Seizure. 2023;105:37-42.

Andreolli A, Turco EC, Pedrazzi G, Beghi E, Pisani F. Incidence of epilepsy after neonatal seizures: a population-based study. Neuroepidemiology. 2019;52(3-4):144-51.

Fisher RS, Cross JH, French JA, Higurashi N, Hirsch E, Jansen FE, et al. Operational classification of seizure types by the International League Against Epilepsy: Position Paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):522-30.

Cooper C. Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The Lancet Neurology. 2019;18(4):357-75.

Schubert-Bast S, Kaur M, Joeres L, Foskett N, Roebling R, Strzelczyk A. Epidemiology of focal onset seizures in children aged> 1 month to 4 years in Europe, United States, and Canada: A literature review. Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy. 2023.

Ünver O, Keskin SP, Uysal S, Ünver A. The epidemiology of epilepsy in children: a report from a Turkish pediatric neurology clinic. Journal of child neurology. 2015;30(6):698-702.

Scheffer IE, Berkovic S, Capovilla G, Connolly MB, French J, Guilhoto L, et al. ILAE classification of the epilepsies: Position paper of the ILAE Commission for Classification and Terminology. Epilepsia. 2017;58(4):512-21.

Wirrell E, Tinuper P, Perucca E, Moshé SL. Introduction to the epilepsy syndrome papers. Wiley Online Library; 2022. p. 1330-2.

Ramos-Lizana J, Martinez-Espinosa G, Rodriguez-Lucenilla M, Aguirre-Rodriguez J, Aguilera-Lopez P. Frequency, semiology and prognosis of benign infantile epilepsy. Revista de Neurologia. 2018;66(8):254-60.

Auvin S, Pandit F, De Bellecize J, Badinand N, Isnard H, Motte J, et al. Benign myoclonic epilepsy in infants: electroclinical features and long‐term follow‐up of 34 patients. Epilepsia. 2006;47(2):387-93.

Symonds JD, Zuberi SM, Stewart K, McLellan A, O ‘Regan M, MacLeod S, et al. Incidence and phenotypes of childhood-onset genetic epilepsies: a prospective population-based national cohort. Brain. 2019;142(8):2303-18.

McTague A, Appleton R, Avula S, Cross JH, King MD, Jacques TS, et al. Migrating partial seizures of infancy: expansion of the electroclinical, radiological and pathological disease spectrum. Brain. 2013;136(5):1578-91.

Wu YW, Sullivan J, McDaniel SS, Meisler MH, Walsh EM, Li SX, et al. Incidence of Dravet syndrome in a US population. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):e1310-e5.

Baxter P. Pyridoxine-dependent and pyridoxine-responsive seizures. Developmental medicine and child neurology. 2001;43(6):416-20.

Lindy AS, Stosser MB, Butler E, Downtain‐Pickersgill C, Shanmugham A, Retterer K, et al. Diagnostic outcomes for genetic testing of 70 genes in 8565 patients with epilepsy and neurodevelopmental disorders. Epilepsia. 2018;59(5):1062-71.

Kothur K, Holman K, Farnsworth E, Ho G, Lorentzos M, Troedson C, et al. Diagnostic yield of targeted massively parallel sequencing in children with epileptic encephalopathy. Seizure. 2018;59:132-40.

Weir E, Gibbs J, Appleton R. Panayiotopoulos syndrome and benign partial epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes: A comparative incidence study. Seizure. 2018;57:66-9.

Astradsson A, Olafsson E, Ludvigsson P, Björgvinsson H, Hauser WA. Rolandic epilepsy: an incidence study in Iceland. Epilepsia. 1998;39(8):884-6.

Specchio N, Trivisano M, Di Ciommo V, Cappelletti S, Masciarelli G, Volkov J, et al. Panayiotopoulos syndrome: a clinical, EEG, and neuropsychological study of 93 consecutive patients. Epilepsia. 2010;51(10):2098-107.

Panayiotopoulos C. Vomiting as an ictal manifestation of epileptic seizures and syndromes. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry. 1988;51(11):1448-51.

Berg AT, Shinnar S, Levy SR, Testa FM. Newly diagnosed epilepsy in children: presentation at diagnosis. Epilepsia. 1999;40(4):445-52.

Guerrini R, Dravet C, Genton P, Bureau M, Bonanni P, Ferrari AR, et al. Idiopathic photosensitive occipital lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 1995;36(9):883-91.

Wang X-L, Bao J-X, Deng Y-C, Zhao G, Swa B, Liu Y-H. Jeavons syndrome in China. Epilepsy & Behavior. 2014;32:64-71.

Giannakodimos S, Panayiotopoulos CP. Eyelid myoclonia with absences in adults: a clinical and video‐EEG study. Epilepsia. 1996;37(1):36-44.

Bureau M, Tassinari CA. Epilepsy with myoclonic absences. Brain and Development. 2005;27(3):178-84.

Kelley SA, Kossoff EH. Doose syndrome (myoclonic–astatic epilepsy): 40 years of progress. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. 2010;52(11):988-93.

Genton P. The Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; The epilepsies, Part II. Handbook of clinical neurology. 2000;73(29):211-22.

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