Solid Organ Nakli Farmakolojisi ve Hemşirelik Yönetimi
Özet
Organ ve doku naklinde immunosupresif tedavi nakledilen organın reddini önleyerek, alıcının sağ kalımını arttırmaktadır. Her merkezin tedavi protokolü farklı olmakla birlikte en çok tercih edilen tedavi şekli takrolimus veya siklosporin gibi kalsinörin inhibitörleri, mikofenolat veya azatioprin gibi pürin sentezi inhibitörleri ile glukokortikoidleri içeren üçlü kombinasyonların kullanımıdır. Bu ilaçlar, grefti rejeksiyondan korusa da birçok yan etkiye de sahiptir. Bu nedenle hastalarda oluşabilecek komplikasyonların izlemi, önlenmesi, hastaların eğitimi ve immunosupresif ilaçlara uyumun sağlanması oldukça önemlidir. Bu noktada organ nakil ekibinin farkındalığı ve yakın takibi çok değerlidir. Hemşireler de bu süreçte kilit konumda yer almaktadır. Bu bölümde immunosupresif ilaçlar, ilaçların etki ve yan etki mekanizmaları ele alınarak hemşirelik yönetimi incelenecektir.
Referanslar
Charlton M, Levitsky J, Aqel B, et al. International Liver Transplantation Society consensus statement on ımmunosuppression in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation;2018;102(5):727-743. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000002147
Adam R, Karam V, Cailliez V, et al. 2018 Annual Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) - 50-year evolution of liver transplantation. Transplant International; 2018;31(12):1293-1317. doi:10.1111/tri.13358
Rana A, Ackah RL, Webb GJ, et al. No gains in long-term survival after liver transplantation over the past three decades. Annals of Surgery; 2019;269(1):20-27. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002650
Soysal Y, Tosun, M. Transplantasyon ve Genetik. Türkiye Klinikleri Genel Cerrahi Özel Sayısı; 2013; 6(1): 185-189.
Ünver S, Yıldız Fındık Ü. Organ Naklinde İmmünsupresif Tedavi Ve Bakımı. In: Özbaş A (Ed.) Organ Nakilleri ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Ankara; Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. s.24-30.
Cajanding R. Immunosuppression following organ transplantation. part 1: mechanisms and immunosuppressive agents. British Journal Of Nursing; 2018; 27(16): 920-927. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.16.920
Güngör Ö, Alp A, Pembegül İ, et al. Böbrek naklinde kullanılan yeni immünsupresif ilaçlar. Türkiye Nefroloji Dergisi; 2017; 26 (3): 239-245. doi: 10.5262/tndt.2017.1003.01
Faravelli I, Velardo D, Podestà MA, et al. Immunosuppression related neurological disorders in kidney transplantation. Journal Of Nephrology; 2021; 34: 539–555. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00956-1
Xu, L., Cai, M. Tacrolimus maintains the balance of nets by ınducing dna methylation of neutrophils to reduce ımmune rejection. 23 January 2023, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2403410/v1]
Han N, Ha S, Yun H, et al. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic model of tacrolimus ın the early period after kidney transplantation. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; 2013; 5(114), 400-406. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12176
Jiang X, Xu X, Kuang H, et al. A gold-based ımmunochromatographic strip for the specific detection of tacrolimus ın whole blood. Journal Of Materials Chemistry; 2023; 20(11): 4464-4474. doi:10.1039/d3tb00569k
Azarfar A, Ravanshad Y, Mehrad-Majd H, et al. Comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after renal transplantation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018; Nov-Dec;29(6):1376-1385. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.248292. PMID: 30588970.
Kaplan B, Schold J, Meier-Kriesche H. Long-term graft survival with Neoral and Tacrolimus. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology; 2003; 11(14): 2980-2984. doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000095250.92361.d5
Chen L, Prasad G. Cyp3a5 Polymorphisms ın renal transplant recipients: Influence on Tacrolimus treatment. Pharmacogenomics And Personalized Medicine; 2018; 11: 23-33. doi:10.2147/pgpm.s107710
Dorji P, Tshering G, Na-Bangchang K. Cyp2c9, Cyp2c19, Cyp2d6 and Cyp3a5 polymorphisms In South‐East And East Asian populations: A systematic review. Journal Of Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics; 2019; 44(4): 508–524. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12835
Parlakpinar H, Gunata M. Transplantation and immunosuppression: a review of novel transplant-related immunosuppressant drugs. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol; 2021; Dec;43(6):651-665. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1966033.
Farouk SS, Rein JL. The many faces of Calcineurin Inhibitor toxicity-What the FK? Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2020; Jan;27(1):56-66. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.006.
Migliozzi DR, Asal NJ. Clinical controversy in transplantation: Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine in statin drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother; 2020; Feb;54(2):171-177. doi: 10.1177/1060028019871891.
Simonson S, Raza A, Martin P, et al. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics ın heart transplant recipients administered an antirejection regimen ıncluding cyclosporine. Clinical Pharmacology And Therapeutics; 2004; 76(2), 167-177. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.03.010
Nicolussi S, Drewe J, Butterweck V, et al. Clinical relevance of st. john's wort drug ınteractions revisited. British Journal Of Pharmacology;2020; 177 (6); 1212-1226. doi:10.1111/bph.14936
Arévalo A, Quaye A, Rojas-Rodríguez L, et al. Synthetic pharmacotherapy for systemic lupus erythematosus: potential mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety. Medicina; 2022; 59(1), 56. doi:10.3390/medicina59010056
Tönshoff B. Immunosuppressants in organ transplantation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2020;261:441-469. doi: 10.1007/164_2019_331.
He X, Smeets R, Koenen H, et al. Mycophenolic Acid-mediated suppression of human cd4+ t cells: more than mere guanine nucleotide deprivation. American Journal of Transplantation;2011; 3(11), 439-449. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03413.x
Taylor A, Watson C, Bradley J. Immunosuppressive agents ın solid organ transplantation: mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology; 2005; 56 (1), 23-46. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.03.012
Wedemeyer R, Blume H. Pharmacokinetic drug ınteraction profiles of proton pump ınhibitors: An update. Drug Safety; 37(4): 201–211. doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0144-0
Morris J, Hanson J, Steffen B, et al. Daclizumab Is associated with decreased rejection and ımproved patient survival ın renal transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation; 2005; 3(19), 340-345. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00344.x
Parlakpinar H, Gunata M. Transplantation and immunosuppression: a review of novel transplant-related immunosuppressant drugs. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021 Dec;43(6):651-665. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1966033.
Kirchner G, Meier-Wiedenbach I, Manns M. Clinical pharmacokinetics of Everolimus. Clinical Pharmacokinetics;2004; 43 (2), 83-95. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443020-00002
Griffith C. Skin cancer ın ımmunosuppressed patients. JAAPA : Official Journal of The American Academy of Physician Assistants;2022; 35(2), 19-27. doi:10.1097/01.jaa.0000805800.77311.4c
Jin Y, Valenzuela N, Ziegler M, et al. Everolimus ınhibits anti-hla ı antibody-mediated endothelial cell signaling, migration and proliferation more potently than Sirolimus. American Journal of Transplantation;2014; 14 (4), 806-819. doi:10.1111/ajt.12669
Albano L, Berthoux F, Moal M, et al. Incidence of delayed graft function and wound healing complications after deceased-donor kidney transplantation ıs not affected by de novo Everolimus. Transplantation; 2009; 1(88): 69-76. doi:10.1097/tp.0b013e3181aa7d87
Hui D, Lee N, Chan P, et al. The role of adjuvant ımmunomodulatory agents for treatment of severe ınfluenza. Antiviral Research;2018; (150): 202-216. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.01.002
Klawitter J, Nashan B, Christians U. Everolimus and Sirolimus ın transplantation-related but different. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety;2015; 7(14), 1055-1070. doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1040388
Voora S, Adey DB. Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients by General Nephrologists: Core Curriculum 2019. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(6):866-79.
Broen JCA, van Laar JM. Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus: mechanisms in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 2020; Mar;16(3):167-178. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0374-8.
Euceda N, Jahnke J, Espinal A, et al. Thioguanine restoration through type I photosensitization-superoxide oxidation-glutathione reduction cycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys; 2021; Mar 11;23(9):5069-5073. doi: 10.1039/d1cp00101a. PMID: 33655288.
Roblin X, Serre-Debeauvais F, Phelip J, et al. Drug ınteraction between Infliximab and Azathioprine ın patients with Crohn's Disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics;2003; 9(18), 917-925. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01778.x
Fuggle N, Bragoli W, Mahto A, et al. The adverse effect profile of oral Azathioprine ın pediatric atopic dermatitis, and recommendations for monitoring. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology;2015; 1(72): 108-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.048
Perez HC, Benavides X, Perez JS, et al. Basic aspects of the pathogenesis and prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2017;56(4):370-378. doi:10.1111/ijd.13409
Howard MD, Su JC, Chong AH. Skin cancer following solid organ transplantation: A review of risk factors and models of care. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(4):585-597. doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0355-8
Nadeau, M., Seropian, S., Seropian, S., Foss, F., Isufi, I., Cooper, D. (2015). The Use Of Basiliximab–infliximab Combination For the Treatment Of Severe Gastrointestinal Acute Gvhd. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2(51), 273-276. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2015.247
Vondran, F., Timrott, K., Tross, J., Kollrich, S., Schwarz, A., Lehner, F., … & Schwinzer, R. (2009). Impact Of Basiliximab On Regulatory T-cells Early After Kidney Transplantation: Down-regulation Of Cd25 By Receptor Modulation. Transplant International, 5(23), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.01013.x
Giuffrida P, Di Sabatino A. Targeting T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep;159:105040. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105040. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32585338.
Bour-Jordan, H., Esensten, J., Martinez-Llordella, M., Penaranda, C., Stumpf, M., Bluestone, J. (2011). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Control Of Peripheral T-cell Tolerance By Costimulatory Molecules Of The Cd28/ B7 Family. Immunological Reviews, 1(241), 180-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01011.x
Kim H, Paik H, Jeong S, et al. Basiliximab ınduction with delayed calcineurin ınhibitors for high-risk lung transplant candidates. Yonsei Med J; 2021; 2(62), 164. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2021.62.2.164
Shah, M. Inpatient neurologic consultation ın solid organ transplant patients. Semin Neurol; 2015; 06(35): 699-707. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1564683
Tran, J., Othman, A., Wolstencroft, P., Elkins, J. (2016). Therapeutic Protein-drug Interaction Assessment For Daclizumab High-yield Process In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Using a Cocktail Approach. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1(82), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12936
Ferrajolo C, Capuano A, Verhamme K, et al. Drug-induced hepatic ınjury ın children: A case/non-case study of suspected adverse drug reactions ın vigibase. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology;2020; 5(70), 721-728. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03754.x
Salvana, E., Salata, R. (2009). Infectious Complications Associated With Monoclonal Antibodies and Related Small Molecules. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2(22), 274-290. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00040-08
Djamali A. Kidney transplantation in adults: prevention and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection of the allograft. 2021. Database:uptodate. [cited 15 March 2021]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com .
Hansrivijit P, Ghahramani N. Combined rituximab and plasmapheresis or plasma exchange for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in adult kidney transplant recipients: A meta-analysis. Intl Urol Nephrol. 2020;52:1377–1387.
De Lucena DD, Rangel É B. Glucocorticoids use in kidney transplant setting. Expert Opini Drug Metab Toxicol. 2018;14:1023–1041.
Yang J, Yang L, Wu L, Zhao Q, Chen M, He X. Efficacy and safety of steroid therapy for posttransplant hyperbilirubinemia caused by early allograft dysfunction: A randomized controlled trial. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:1936–1944.
Johnson K, Belfer J, Peterson G, et al. Managing Covid‐19 In renal transplant recipients: A review of recent literature and case supporting corticosteroid‐sparing ımmunosuppression. Pharmacotherapy; 2020; 6(40): 517-524. doi:10.1002/phar.2410
Sarıgöl Ordin Y, Çömez S. Karaciğer transplantasyonu ve kanıta dayalı hemşirelik uygulamaları. Karayurt Ö, editör. Gastrointestinal Sistem Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliğinde Kanıta Dayalı Uygulamalar. 1.Baskı. Ankara:Türkiye Klinikleri; 2023.p.46-55.
Sun L, Wang Z, Zheng M, et al. Mineral and bone disorder after kidney transplantation: a single-center cohort study. Ren Fail; 2023; Dec;45(1):2210231. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2023.2210231. PMID: 37183797; PMCID: PMC10187110.
Tuncer M, Khorshtd L. Böbrek nakli hastalarında immünosüpresan tedaviye uyum ve hemşirenin sorumlulukları. Turk Neph Dial Transpl; 2018; 1(13): 26-31.
Wen H, Wang J, Zhang S, et al. Low-dose Sirolimus ımmunoregulation therapy ın patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: A 24-week follow-up of the randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled trial. Journal of Immunology Research; 2019; 1-10. doi:10.1155/2019/7684352
Gokoel SRM, Gombert-Handoko KB, Zwart TC, et al. Medication non-adherence after kidney transplantation: A critical appraisal and systematic review. Transplant Rev (Orlando); 2020;34(1):100511. doi:10.1016/j.trre.2019.100511.
Referanslar
Charlton M, Levitsky J, Aqel B, et al. International Liver Transplantation Society consensus statement on ımmunosuppression in liver transplant recipients. Transplantation;2018;102(5):727-743. doi:10.1097/TP.0000000000002147
Adam R, Karam V, Cailliez V, et al. 2018 Annual Report of the European Liver Transplant Registry (ELTR) - 50-year evolution of liver transplantation. Transplant International; 2018;31(12):1293-1317. doi:10.1111/tri.13358
Rana A, Ackah RL, Webb GJ, et al. No gains in long-term survival after liver transplantation over the past three decades. Annals of Surgery; 2019;269(1):20-27. doi:10.1097/SLA.0000000000002650
Soysal Y, Tosun, M. Transplantasyon ve Genetik. Türkiye Klinikleri Genel Cerrahi Özel Sayısı; 2013; 6(1): 185-189.
Ünver S, Yıldız Fındık Ü. Organ Naklinde İmmünsupresif Tedavi Ve Bakımı. In: Özbaş A (Ed.) Organ Nakilleri ve Hemşirelik Bakımı. Ankara; Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. s.24-30.
Cajanding R. Immunosuppression following organ transplantation. part 1: mechanisms and immunosuppressive agents. British Journal Of Nursing; 2018; 27(16): 920-927. doi: 10.12968/bjon.2018.27.16.920
Güngör Ö, Alp A, Pembegül İ, et al. Böbrek naklinde kullanılan yeni immünsupresif ilaçlar. Türkiye Nefroloji Dergisi; 2017; 26 (3): 239-245. doi: 10.5262/tndt.2017.1003.01
Faravelli I, Velardo D, Podestà MA, et al. Immunosuppression related neurological disorders in kidney transplantation. Journal Of Nephrology; 2021; 34: 539–555. doi: 10.1007/s40620-020-00956-1
Xu, L., Cai, M. Tacrolimus maintains the balance of nets by ınducing dna methylation of neutrophils to reduce ımmune rejection. 23 January 2023, PREPRINT (Version 1) available at Research Square [https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2403410/v1]
Han N, Ha S, Yun H, et al. Population pharmacokinetic-pharmacogenetic model of tacrolimus ın the early period after kidney transplantation. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology; 2013; 5(114), 400-406. doi:10.1111/bcpt.12176
Jiang X, Xu X, Kuang H, et al. A gold-based ımmunochromatographic strip for the specific detection of tacrolimus ın whole blood. Journal Of Materials Chemistry; 2023; 20(11): 4464-4474. doi:10.1039/d3tb00569k
Azarfar A, Ravanshad Y, Mehrad-Majd H, et al. Comparison of tacrolimus and cyclosporine for immunosuppression after renal transplantation: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2018; Nov-Dec;29(6):1376-1385. doi: 10.4103/1319-2442.248292. PMID: 30588970.
Kaplan B, Schold J, Meier-Kriesche H. Long-term graft survival with Neoral and Tacrolimus. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology; 2003; 11(14): 2980-2984. doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000095250.92361.d5
Chen L, Prasad G. Cyp3a5 Polymorphisms ın renal transplant recipients: Influence on Tacrolimus treatment. Pharmacogenomics And Personalized Medicine; 2018; 11: 23-33. doi:10.2147/pgpm.s107710
Dorji P, Tshering G, Na-Bangchang K. Cyp2c9, Cyp2c19, Cyp2d6 and Cyp3a5 polymorphisms In South‐East And East Asian populations: A systematic review. Journal Of Clinical Pharmacy And Therapeutics; 2019; 44(4): 508–524. doi:10.1111/jcpt.12835
Parlakpinar H, Gunata M. Transplantation and immunosuppression: a review of novel transplant-related immunosuppressant drugs. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol; 2021; Dec;43(6):651-665. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1966033.
Farouk SS, Rein JL. The many faces of Calcineurin Inhibitor toxicity-What the FK? Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2020; Jan;27(1):56-66. doi: 10.1053/j.ackd.2019.08.006.
Migliozzi DR, Asal NJ. Clinical controversy in transplantation: Tacrolimus versus Cyclosporine in statin drug interactions. Ann Pharmacother; 2020; Feb;54(2):171-177. doi: 10.1177/1060028019871891.
Simonson S, Raza A, Martin P, et al. Rosuvastatin pharmacokinetics ın heart transplant recipients administered an antirejection regimen ıncluding cyclosporine. Clinical Pharmacology And Therapeutics; 2004; 76(2), 167-177. doi:10.1016/j.clpt.2004.03.010
Nicolussi S, Drewe J, Butterweck V, et al. Clinical relevance of st. john's wort drug ınteractions revisited. British Journal Of Pharmacology;2020; 177 (6); 1212-1226. doi:10.1111/bph.14936
Arévalo A, Quaye A, Rojas-Rodríguez L, et al. Synthetic pharmacotherapy for systemic lupus erythematosus: potential mechanisms of action, efficacy, and safety. Medicina; 2022; 59(1), 56. doi:10.3390/medicina59010056
Tönshoff B. Immunosuppressants in organ transplantation. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2020;261:441-469. doi: 10.1007/164_2019_331.
He X, Smeets R, Koenen H, et al. Mycophenolic Acid-mediated suppression of human cd4+ t cells: more than mere guanine nucleotide deprivation. American Journal of Transplantation;2011; 3(11), 439-449. doi:10.1111/j.1600-6143.2010.03413.x
Taylor A, Watson C, Bradley J. Immunosuppressive agents ın solid organ transplantation: mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology; 2005; 56 (1), 23-46. doi:10.1016/j.critrevonc.2005.03.012
Wedemeyer R, Blume H. Pharmacokinetic drug ınteraction profiles of proton pump ınhibitors: An update. Drug Safety; 37(4): 201–211. doi:10.1007/s40264-014-0144-0
Morris J, Hanson J, Steffen B, et al. Daclizumab Is associated with decreased rejection and ımproved patient survival ın renal transplant recipients. Clinical Transplantation; 2005; 3(19), 340-345. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0012.2005.00344.x
Parlakpinar H, Gunata M. Transplantation and immunosuppression: a review of novel transplant-related immunosuppressant drugs. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol. 2021 Dec;43(6):651-665. doi: 10.1080/08923973.2021.1966033.
Kirchner G, Meier-Wiedenbach I, Manns M. Clinical pharmacokinetics of Everolimus. Clinical Pharmacokinetics;2004; 43 (2), 83-95. doi:10.2165/00003088-200443020-00002
Griffith C. Skin cancer ın ımmunosuppressed patients. JAAPA : Official Journal of The American Academy of Physician Assistants;2022; 35(2), 19-27. doi:10.1097/01.jaa.0000805800.77311.4c
Jin Y, Valenzuela N, Ziegler M, et al. Everolimus ınhibits anti-hla ı antibody-mediated endothelial cell signaling, migration and proliferation more potently than Sirolimus. American Journal of Transplantation;2014; 14 (4), 806-819. doi:10.1111/ajt.12669
Albano L, Berthoux F, Moal M, et al. Incidence of delayed graft function and wound healing complications after deceased-donor kidney transplantation ıs not affected by de novo Everolimus. Transplantation; 2009; 1(88): 69-76. doi:10.1097/tp.0b013e3181aa7d87
Hui D, Lee N, Chan P, et al. The role of adjuvant ımmunomodulatory agents for treatment of severe ınfluenza. Antiviral Research;2018; (150): 202-216. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.01.002
Klawitter J, Nashan B, Christians U. Everolimus and Sirolimus ın transplantation-related but different. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety;2015; 7(14), 1055-1070. doi:10.1517/14740338.2015.1040388
Voora S, Adey DB. Management of Kidney Transplant Recipients by General Nephrologists: Core Curriculum 2019. Am J Kidney Dis. 2019;73(6):866-79.
Broen JCA, van Laar JM. Mycophenolate mofetil, azathioprine and tacrolimus: mechanisms in rheumatology. Nat Rev Rheumatol; 2020; Mar;16(3):167-178. doi: 10.1038/s41584-020-0374-8.
Euceda N, Jahnke J, Espinal A, et al. Thioguanine restoration through type I photosensitization-superoxide oxidation-glutathione reduction cycles. Phys Chem Chem Phys; 2021; Mar 11;23(9):5069-5073. doi: 10.1039/d1cp00101a. PMID: 33655288.
Roblin X, Serre-Debeauvais F, Phelip J, et al. Drug ınteraction between Infliximab and Azathioprine ın patients with Crohn's Disease. Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics;2003; 9(18), 917-925. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01778.x
Fuggle N, Bragoli W, Mahto A, et al. The adverse effect profile of oral Azathioprine ın pediatric atopic dermatitis, and recommendations for monitoring. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology;2015; 1(72): 108-114. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2014.08.048
Perez HC, Benavides X, Perez JS, et al. Basic aspects of the pathogenesis and prevention of non-melanoma skin cancer in solid organ transplant recipients: a review. Int J Dermatol. 2017;56(4):370-378. doi:10.1111/ijd.13409
Howard MD, Su JC, Chong AH. Skin cancer following solid organ transplantation: A review of risk factors and models of care. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2018;19(4):585-597. doi:10.1007/s40257-018-0355-8
Nadeau, M., Seropian, S., Seropian, S., Foss, F., Isufi, I., Cooper, D. (2015). The Use Of Basiliximab–infliximab Combination For the Treatment Of Severe Gastrointestinal Acute Gvhd. Bone Marrow Transplant, 2(51), 273-276. https://doi.org/10.1038/bmt.2015.247
Vondran, F., Timrott, K., Tross, J., Kollrich, S., Schwarz, A., Lehner, F., … & Schwinzer, R. (2009). Impact Of Basiliximab On Regulatory T-cells Early After Kidney Transplantation: Down-regulation Of Cd25 By Receptor Modulation. Transplant International, 5(23), 514-523. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1432-2277.2009.01013.x
Giuffrida P, Di Sabatino A. Targeting T cells in inflammatory bowel disease. Pharmacol Res. 2020 Sep;159:105040. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105040. Epub 2020 Jun 22. PMID: 32585338.
Bour-Jordan, H., Esensten, J., Martinez-Llordella, M., Penaranda, C., Stumpf, M., Bluestone, J. (2011). Intrinsic and Extrinsic Control Of Peripheral T-cell Tolerance By Costimulatory Molecules Of The Cd28/ B7 Family. Immunological Reviews, 1(241), 180-205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065x.2011.01011.x
Kim H, Paik H, Jeong S, et al. Basiliximab ınduction with delayed calcineurin ınhibitors for high-risk lung transplant candidates. Yonsei Med J; 2021; 2(62), 164. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2021.62.2.164
Shah, M. Inpatient neurologic consultation ın solid organ transplant patients. Semin Neurol; 2015; 06(35): 699-707. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0035-1564683
Tran, J., Othman, A., Wolstencroft, P., Elkins, J. (2016). Therapeutic Protein-drug Interaction Assessment For Daclizumab High-yield Process In Patients With Multiple Sclerosis Using a Cocktail Approach. Br J Clin Pharmacol, 1(82), 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12936
Ferrajolo C, Capuano A, Verhamme K, et al. Drug-induced hepatic ınjury ın children: A case/non-case study of suspected adverse drug reactions ın vigibase. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology;2020; 5(70), 721-728. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03754.x
Salvana, E., Salata, R. (2009). Infectious Complications Associated With Monoclonal Antibodies and Related Small Molecules. Clin Microbiol Rev, 2(22), 274-290. https://doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00040-08
Djamali A. Kidney transplantation in adults: prevention and treatment of antibody-mediated rejection of the allograft. 2021. Database:uptodate. [cited 15 March 2021]. Available from: http://www.uptodate.com .
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