Disbiyozis

Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (2016) Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol 14(8):e1002533

Lederberg J, McCray AT. Genealogical Treasury of Words. Scientist 2001; 15 (7): 8.

Hansen TH, Gobel RJ, Hansen T, Pedersen O. The gut microbiome in cardio-metabolic health. Genome Med 2015; 7 (1): 33. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0157-z.

Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suda W, et al. Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12 (3): e0174099. 10.1371

Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T et al (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473(7346):174–180

Moeller AH, Li Y, Mpoudi Ngole E, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Lonsdorf EV, Pusey AE, Peeters M, Hahn BH, Ochman H (2014) Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(46):16431–16435

Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Jin C, et al. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 2012;482:179-85. 10.1038/nature10809

Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res 2017;120:1183-96. 10.1161/circresaha.117.309715

Emoto T, Yamashita T, Kobayashi T, et al. Characterization of gut microbiota profiles in coronary artery disease patients using data mining analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism: gut microbiota could be a diagnostic marker of coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 32: 39-46. 10.1007/s00380-016-0841-y

Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;57:1470-81. 10.2337/db07-1403

Khan MT, Nieuwdorp M, Backhed F. Microbial modulation of insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 2014;20:753-60. 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.006

Gopalakrishnan V, Helmink BA, Spencer CN, Reuben A, Wargo JA. The influence of the gut microbiome on cancer, immunity, and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2018; 33: 570-80. 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.015

Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota cross multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2010; 107: 11971-5.

Backhed F, Fraser CM, Ringel Y, Sanders ME, Sartor B, Sherman PM, Versalovic J, Young V, Finlay BB (2012) Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications. Cell Host Microbe 12:611–622

Round JL, Mazmanian SK (2009) The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 9(5):313–323

Brown EM, Sadarangani M, Finlay BB (2013a) The role of the immune system in governing host–microbe interactions in the intestine. Nat Immunol 14(2013):660–667

Wall R, Ross RP, Ryan CA, et al. Role of gut microbiota in early infant development. Clin Med Pediatr 2009; 3: 45- 54.

Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, et al. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 511-21.

Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F, et al. The Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9: 123.

Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O’Sullivan O, et al. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2011; 108: 4586-91.

Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, et al. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 2008; 320: 1647-51.

Muegge BD, Kuczynski J, Knights D, et al. Diet drives convergence in gut microbiome functions across mammalian phylogeny and within humans. Science 2011; 332: 970-4.

Honda K, Littman DR (2016) The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease. Nature 535:75–84

Webb CR, Koboziev I, Furr KL, Grisham MB (2016) Protective and pro-inflammatory roles of intestinal bacteria. Pathophysiology 23:67–80

Meijer K, de Vos P, Priebe MG (2010) Butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids as modulators of immunity: what relevance for health? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 13:715–721

Gilbert JA, Quinn RA, Debelius J, Xu ZZ, Morton J, Garg N, Jansson JK, Dorrestein PC, Knight R (2016) Microbiome-wide association studies link dynamic microbial consortia to disease. Nature 535:94–103

O’Mahony SM, Clarke G, Borre YE, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2015) Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behav Brain Res 277:32–48

Almonacid DE, Kraal L, Ossandon FJ, Budovskaya YV, Cardenas JP, Bik EM, Goddard AD, Richman J, Zachary S, Apte ZS (2017) 16S rRNA gene sequencing and healthy reference ranges for 28 clinically relevant microbial taxa from the human gut microbiome. PLoS One 12(5): e0176555

Antharam VC, Li EC, Ishmael A, Sharma A, Mai V, Rand KH, Wang GP (2013) Intestinal dysbiosis and depletion of butyrogenic bacteria in Clostridium difficile infection and nosocomial diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 51(9):2884–2892

Chatelier EL, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G, Almeida M, Arumugam M et al (2013) Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature 500:541–546

Verdam FJ, Fuentes S, de Jonge C, Zoetendal EG, Erbil R, Greve JW, Buurman WA, de Vos WM, Rensen SS (2013) Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21(12):E607–E615

Kootte RS, Vrieze A, Holleman F, Dallinga-Thie GM, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM et al (2012) The therapeutic potential of manipulating gut microbiota in obesity and type2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 14:112–120

Cani PD, Delzenne NM (2011) The gut microbiome as therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 130:202–212

Perry RJ, Peng L, Barry NA, Cline GW, Zhang D, Cardone RL, Petersen KF, Kibbey RG, Goodman AL, Shulman GI (2016) Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature 534(7606):213–217

Hankir MK, Seyfried F, Hintschich CA, Diep TA, Kleberg K, Kranz M, Deuther-Conrad W et al (2017) Gastric bypass surgery recruits a gut PPAR-α-striatal D1R pathway to reduce fat appetite in obese rats. Cell Metab 25(2):335–344

Sala P, Belarmino G, Machado NM, Cardinell CS et al (2016) The SURMetaGIT study: design and rationale for a prospective pan-omics examination of the gastrointestional response to Roux-em-Y gastric bypass surgery. J Intl Med Res 44(6):1359–1375

Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. Plos Biol 2008; 6: 280.

Jernberg C, Löfmark S, Edlund C, Jansson JK. Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota. ISME J 2007; 1: 56-66.

Sullivan A, Edlund C, Nord CE. Effect of antimicrobial agents on the ecological balance of human microflora. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1: 101-14.

Sommer, MO, Dantas G, Church GM. Functional characterization of the antibiotic resistance resistance reservoir in the human microflora. Science 2009; 28: 1128-31.

Hooper LV, Littman DR, Macpherson AJ (2012) Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system. Science 336:1268–1273

Mekkes MC, Weenen TC, Brummer RJ, Claassen E (2014) The development of probiotic treatment in obesity: a review. Benef Microbes 5(1):19–28

Uzmanları, B. (2021). Ege Tıp Dergisi/Ege Journal Of Medıcıne.

Roberfroid MB (2007) Prebiotics: the concept revisited. J Nutr 137(3):830s–837s

Forslund K, Sunagawa S, Kultima JR, Mende DR, Arumugam M, Typas A, Bork P (2013) Countryspecific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome. Genome Res 23(7):31–39

Andersson DI, Hughes D (2014) Microbiological effects of sublethal levels of antibiotics. Nat Rev Microbiol 12:465–478

Baumler AJ, Sparandio V (2016) Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Nature 535(7610):85–93

Seki E, Schnabl B. Role of innate immunity and the microbiota in liver fibrosis: crosstalk between the liver and gut. J Physiol 2012; 590: 447-58.

Bojanova DP, Bordenstein SR (2016) Faecal transplants: what is being transferred? PLoS Biol 13(7):e1002503

Sender R, Fuchs S, Milo R (2016) Revised estimates for the number of human and bacteria cells in the body. PLoS Biol 14(8):e1002533

Lederberg J, McCray AT. Genealogical Treasury of Words. Scientist 2001; 15 (7): 8.

Hansen TH, Gobel RJ, Hansen T, Pedersen O. The gut microbiome in cardio-metabolic health. Genome Med 2015; 7 (1): 33. doi: 10.1186/s13073-015-0157-z.

Kamo T, Akazawa H, Suda W, et al. Dysbiosis and compositional alterations with aging in the gut microbiota of patients with heart failure. PLoS One 2017; 12 (3): e0174099. 10.1371

Arumugam M, Raes J, Pelletier E, Le Paslier D, Yamada T, Mende DR, Fernandes GR, Tap J, Bruls T et al (2011) Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome. Nature 473(7346):174–180

Moeller AH, Li Y, Mpoudi Ngole E, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Lonsdorf EV, Pusey AE, Peeters M, Hahn BH, Ochman H (2014) Rapid changes in the gut microbiome during human evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(46):16431–16435

Henao-Mejia J, Elinav E, Jin C, et al. Inflammasome-mediated dysbiosis regulates progression of NAFLD and obesity. Nature 2012;482:179-85. 10.1038/nature10809

Tang WH, Kitai T, Hazen SL. Gut microbiota in cardiovascular health and disease. Circ Res 2017;120:1183-96. 10.1161/circresaha.117.309715

Emoto T, Yamashita T, Kobayashi T, et al. Characterization of gut microbiota profiles in coronary artery disease patients using data mining analysis of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism: gut microbiota could be a diagnostic marker of coronary artery disease. Heart Vessels 2017; 32: 39-46. 10.1007/s00380-016-0841-y

Cani PD, Bibiloni R, Knauf C, et al. Changes in gut microbiota control metabolic endotoxemia-induced inflammation in high-fat diet-induced obesity and diabetes in mice. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2008;57:1470-81. 10.2337/db07-1403

Khan MT, Nieuwdorp M, Backhed F. Microbial modulation of insulin sensitivity. Cell Metab 2014;20:753-60. 10.1016/j.cmet.2014.07.006

Gopalakrishnan V, Helmink BA, Spencer CN, Reuben A, Wargo JA. The influence of the gut microbiome on cancer, immunity, and cancer immunotherapy. Cancer Cell 2018; 33: 570-80. 10.1016/j.ccell.2018.03.015

Dominguez-Bello MG, Costello EK, Contreras M, et al. Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota cross multiple body habitats in newborns. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2010; 107: 11971-5.

Backhed F, Fraser CM, Ringel Y, Sanders ME, Sartor B, Sherman PM, Versalovic J, Young V, Finlay BB (2012) Defining a healthy human gut microbiome: current concepts, future directions, and clinical applications. Cell Host Microbe 12:611–622

Round JL, Mazmanian SK (2009) The gut microbiota shapes intestinal immune responses during health and disease. Nat Rev Immunol 9(5):313–323

Brown EM, Sadarangani M, Finlay BB (2013a) The role of the immune system in governing host–microbe interactions in the intestine. Nat Immunol 14(2013):660–667

Wall R, Ross RP, Ryan CA, et al. Role of gut microbiota in early infant development. Clin Med Pediatr 2009; 3: 45- 54.

Penders J, Thijs C, Vink C, et al. Factors influencing the composition of the intestinal microbiota in early infancy. Pediatrics 2006; 118: 511-21.

Mariat D, Firmesse O, Levenez F, et al. The Firmicutes/ Bacteroidetes ratio of the human microbiota changes with age. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9: 123.

Claesson MJ, Cusack S, O’Sullivan O, et al. Composition, variability, and temporal stability of the intestinal microbiota of the elderly. Proc Natl Acad Sci 2011; 108: 4586-91.

Ley RE, Hamady M, Lozupone C, et al. Evolution of mammals and their gut microbes. Science 2008; 320: 1647-51.

Muegge BD, Kuczynski J, Knights D, et al. Diet drives convergence in gut microbiome functions across mammalian phylogeny and within humans. Science 2011; 332: 970-4.

Honda K, Littman DR (2016) The microbiota in adaptive immune homeostasis and disease. Nature 535:75–84

Webb CR, Koboziev I, Furr KL, Grisham MB (2016) Protective and pro-inflammatory roles of intestinal bacteria. Pathophysiology 23:67–80

Meijer K, de Vos P, Priebe MG (2010) Butyrate and other short-chain fatty acids as modulators of immunity: what relevance for health? Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 13:715–721

Gilbert JA, Quinn RA, Debelius J, Xu ZZ, Morton J, Garg N, Jansson JK, Dorrestein PC, Knight R (2016) Microbiome-wide association studies link dynamic microbial consortia to disease. Nature 535:94–103

O’Mahony SM, Clarke G, Borre YE, Dinan TG, Cryan JF (2015) Serotonin, tryptophan metabolism and the brain-gut-microbiome axis. Behav Brain Res 277:32–48

Almonacid DE, Kraal L, Ossandon FJ, Budovskaya YV, Cardenas JP, Bik EM, Goddard AD, Richman J, Zachary S, Apte ZS (2017) 16S rRNA gene sequencing and healthy reference ranges for 28 clinically relevant microbial taxa from the human gut microbiome. PLoS One 12(5): e0176555

Antharam VC, Li EC, Ishmael A, Sharma A, Mai V, Rand KH, Wang GP (2013) Intestinal dysbiosis and depletion of butyrogenic bacteria in Clostridium difficile infection and nosocomial diarrhea. J Clin Microbiol 51(9):2884–2892

Chatelier EL, Nielsen T, Qin J, Prifti E, Hildebrand F, Falony G, Almeida M, Arumugam M et al (2013) Richness of human gut microbiome correlates with metabolic markers. Nature 500:541–546

Verdam FJ, Fuentes S, de Jonge C, Zoetendal EG, Erbil R, Greve JW, Buurman WA, de Vos WM, Rensen SS (2013) Human intestinal microbiota composition is associated with local and systemic inflammation in obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 21(12):E607–E615

Kootte RS, Vrieze A, Holleman F, Dallinga-Thie GM, Zoetendal EG, de Vos WM et al (2012) The therapeutic potential of manipulating gut microbiota in obesity and type2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 14:112–120

Cani PD, Delzenne NM (2011) The gut microbiome as therapeutic target. Pharmacol Ther 130:202–212

Perry RJ, Peng L, Barry NA, Cline GW, Zhang D, Cardone RL, Petersen KF, Kibbey RG, Goodman AL, Shulman GI (2016) Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-β-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome. Nature 534(7606):213–217

Hankir MK, Seyfried F, Hintschich CA, Diep TA, Kleberg K, Kranz M, Deuther-Conrad W et al (2017) Gastric bypass surgery recruits a gut PPAR-α-striatal D1R pathway to reduce fat appetite in obese rats. Cell Metab 25(2):335–344

Sala P, Belarmino G, Machado NM, Cardinell CS et al (2016) The SURMetaGIT study: design and rationale for a prospective pan-omics examination of the gastrointestional response to Roux-em-Y gastric bypass surgery. J Intl Med Res 44(6):1359–1375

Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA. The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. Plos Biol 2008; 6: 280.

Jernberg C, Löfmark S, Edlund C, Jansson JK. Long-term ecological impacts of antibiotic administration on the human intestinal microbiota. ISME J 2007; 1: 56-66.

Sullivan A, Edlund C, Nord CE. Effect of antimicrobial agents on the ecological balance of human microflora. Lancet Infect Dis 2001; 1: 101-14.

Sommer, MO, Dantas G, Church GM. Functional characterization of the antibiotic resistance resistance reservoir in the human microflora. Science 2009; 28: 1128-31.

Hooper LV, Littman DR, Macpherson AJ (2012) Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system. Science 336:1268–1273

Mekkes MC, Weenen TC, Brummer RJ, Claassen E (2014) The development of probiotic treatment in obesity: a review. Benef Microbes 5(1):19–28

Uzmanları, B. (2021). Ege Tıp Dergisi/Ege Journal Of Medıcıne.

Roberfroid MB (2007) Prebiotics: the concept revisited. J Nutr 137(3):830s–837s

Forslund K, Sunagawa S, Kultima JR, Mende DR, Arumugam M, Typas A, Bork P (2013) Countryspecific antibiotic use practices impact the human gut resistome. Genome Res 23(7):31–39

Andersson DI, Hughes D (2014) Microbiological effects of sublethal levels of antibiotics. Nat Rev Microbiol 12:465–478

Baumler AJ, Sparandio V (2016) Interactions between the microbiota and pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Nature 535(7610):85–93

Seki E, Schnabl B. Role of innate immunity and the microbiota in liver fibrosis: crosstalk between the liver and gut. J Physiol 2012; 590: 447-58.

Bojanova DP, Bordenstein SR (2016) Faecal transplants: what is being transferred? PLoS Biol 13(7):e1002503