Papiller Tiroid Kanseri
Özet
Papiller tiroid kanseri, tiroid kanserlerinin en yaygın türüdür ve oldukça tedavi edilebilirdir. Teşhis için fizik muayene, ultrason ve biyopsi kullanılır. Tedavi, hastanın durumuna göre cerrahi, radyoaktif iyot tedavisi ve hormon replasman tedavisini içerebilir. Tedavi sonrası izleme için tiroglobulin ve antitiroglobulin antikoru ölçümleri yapılır. Kitap, özellikle medikal onkolog gözü ile papiller tiroid kanseri tedavisi hakkında bilgi verme amacıyla yazılmıştır.
Papillary thyroid cancer is the most common type of thyroid cancer and is highly treatable. Physical examination, ultrasound and bacteria are used for diagnosis. Treatment includes surgery, radioactive therapy, and hormone replacement therapy, depending on the patient's treatment. Thyroglobulin and antithyroglobulin antibody measurements are taken for monitoring after treatment. The book is written with the aim of providing information about the treatment of papillary thyroid cancer, especially from the perspective of a medical oncologist.
Referanslar
Mazzaferri EL, Kloos RT. CLINICAL REVIEW 128 Current Approaches to Primary Therapy for Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer [Internet]. 2001. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/86/4/1447/2848158
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1–133.
Schneider AB, Sarne DH. Long-term risks for thyroid cancer and other neoplasms after exposure to radiation. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;1(2):82–91.
Hemminki K, Eng C, Chen B. Familial risks for nonmedullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct;90(10):5747–53.
Pal T, Vogl FD, Chappuis PO, Tsang R, Brierley J, Renard H, et al. Increased risk for nonmedullary thyroid cancer in the first degree relatives of prevalent cases of nonmedullary thyroid cancer: a hospital-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5307–12.
Boice JD, Lubin JH. Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):309–22.
Antonelli A, Ferri C, Fallahi P, Pampana A, Ferrari SM, Barani L, et al. Thyroid cancer in HCV-related chronic hepatitis patients: a case-control study. Thyroid. 2007 May;17(5):447–51.
Rossing MA, Voigt LF, Wicklund KG, Daling JR. Reproductive factors and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr 15;151(8):765–72.
Kitahara CM, Pfeiffer RM, Sosa JA, Shiels MS. Impact of Overweight and Obesity on US Papillary Thyroid Cancer Incidence Trends (1995-2015). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020 Aug 1;112(8):810–7.
Kondo T, Ezzat S, Asa SL. Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Apr;6(4):292–306.
Fagin JA. How thyroid tumors start and why it matters: kinase mutants as targets for solid cancer pharmacotherapy. J Endocrinol. 2004 Nov;183(2):249–56.
Fagin JA, Wells SA. Biologic and Clinical Perspectives on Thyroid Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 15;375(11):1054–67.
Schneider AB, Sarne DH. Long-term risks for thyroid cancer and other neoplasms after exposure to radiation. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;1(2):82–91.
Tuttle RM, Haugen B, Perrier ND. Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Eighth Edition): What Changed and Why? Thyroid. 2017 Jun;27(6):751–6.
Momesso DP, Tuttle RM. Update on differentiated thyroid cancer staging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):401–21.
Ganly I, Nixon IJ, Wang LY, Palmer FL, Migliacci JC, Aniss A, et al. Survival from Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: What Has Age Got to Do with It? Thyroid. 2015 Oct;25(10):1106–14.
Hay ID, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR, Ebersold JR, Grant CS. Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through 1989. Surgery. 1993 Dec;114(6):1050–7; discussion 1057-8.
Casara D, Rubello D, Saladini G, Masarotto G, Favero A, Girelli ME, et al. Different features of pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: natural history and multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic variables. J Nucl Med. 1993 Oct;34(10):1626–31.
Chiu AC, Delpassand ES, Sherman SI. Prognosis and treatment of brain metastases in thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov;82(11):3637–42.
Asioli S, Erickson LA, Sebo TJ, Zhang J, Jin L, Thompson GB, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma with prominent hobnail features: a new aggressive variant of moderately differentiated papillary carcinoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of eight cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010 Jan;34(1):44–52.
Xing M, Westra WH, Tufano RP, Cohen Y, Rosenbaum E, Rhoden KJ, et al. BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;90(12):6373–9.
Kim TH, Park YJ, Lim JA, Ahn HY, Lee EK, Lee YJ, et al. The association of the BRAF(V600E) mutation with prognostic factors and poor clinical outcome in papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer. 2012 Apr 1;118(7):1764–73.
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1–133.
Weitzman SP, Sherman SI. Novel Drug Treatments of Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;48(1):253–68.
Laetsch TW, DuBois SG, Mascarenhas L, Turpin B, Federman N, Albert CM, et al. Larotrectinib for paediatric solid tumours harbouring NTRK gene fusions: phase 1 results from a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018 May;19(5):705–14.
Wirth LJ, Sherman E, Robinson B, Solomon B, Kang H, Lorch J, et al. Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET-Altered Thyroid Cancers. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 27;383(9):825–35.
Brose MS, Cabanillas ME, Cohen EEW, Wirth LJ, Riehl T, Yue H, et al. Vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive metastatic or unresectable papillary thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine: a non-randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Sep;17(9):1272–82.
Cabanillas ME, Schlumberger M, Jarzab B, Martins RG, Pacini F, Robinson B, et al. A phase 2 trial of lenvatinib (E7080) in advanced, progressive, radioiodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer: A clinical outcomes and biomarker assessment. Cancer. 2015 Aug 15;121(16):2749–56.
Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, Wilkie D, McNabola A, Rong H, et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;64(19):7099–109.
Cabanillas ME, de Souza JA, Geyer S, Wirth LJ, Menefee ME, Liu S V, et al. Cabozantinib As Salvage Therapy for Patients With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Results of a Multicenter Phase II International Thyroid Oncology Group Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Oct 10;35(29):3315–21.
Bonadonna G, Monfardini S, De Lena M, Fossati-Bellani F, Beretta G. Phase I and preliminary phase II evaluation of adriamycin (NSC 123127). Cancer Res. 1970 Oct;30(10):2572–82.
Gottlieb JA, Hill CS. Chemotherapy of thyroid cancer with adriamycin. Experience with 30 patients. N Engl J Med. 1974 Jan 24;290(4):193–7.
Referanslar
Mazzaferri EL, Kloos RT. CLINICAL REVIEW 128 Current Approaches to Primary Therapy for Papillary and Follicular Thyroid Cancer [Internet]. 2001. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article/86/4/1447/2848158
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1–133.
Schneider AB, Sarne DH. Long-term risks for thyroid cancer and other neoplasms after exposure to radiation. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;1(2):82–91.
Hemminki K, Eng C, Chen B. Familial risks for nonmedullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Oct;90(10):5747–53.
Pal T, Vogl FD, Chappuis PO, Tsang R, Brierley J, Renard H, et al. Increased risk for nonmedullary thyroid cancer in the first degree relatives of prevalent cases of nonmedullary thyroid cancer: a hospital-based study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Nov;86(11):5307–12.
Boice JD, Lubin JH. Occupational and environmental radiation and cancer. Cancer Causes Control. 1997 May;8(3):309–22.
Antonelli A, Ferri C, Fallahi P, Pampana A, Ferrari SM, Barani L, et al. Thyroid cancer in HCV-related chronic hepatitis patients: a case-control study. Thyroid. 2007 May;17(5):447–51.
Rossing MA, Voigt LF, Wicklund KG, Daling JR. Reproductive factors and risk of papillary thyroid cancer in women. Am J Epidemiol. 2000 Apr 15;151(8):765–72.
Kitahara CM, Pfeiffer RM, Sosa JA, Shiels MS. Impact of Overweight and Obesity on US Papillary Thyroid Cancer Incidence Trends (1995-2015). J Natl Cancer Inst. 2020 Aug 1;112(8):810–7.
Kondo T, Ezzat S, Asa SL. Pathogenetic mechanisms in thyroid follicular-cell neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer. 2006 Apr;6(4):292–306.
Fagin JA. How thyroid tumors start and why it matters: kinase mutants as targets for solid cancer pharmacotherapy. J Endocrinol. 2004 Nov;183(2):249–56.
Fagin JA, Wells SA. Biologic and Clinical Perspectives on Thyroid Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 15;375(11):1054–67.
Schneider AB, Sarne DH. Long-term risks for thyroid cancer and other neoplasms after exposure to radiation. Nat Clin Pract Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;1(2):82–91.
Tuttle RM, Haugen B, Perrier ND. Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer/Tumor-Node-Metastasis Staging System for Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (Eighth Edition): What Changed and Why? Thyroid. 2017 Jun;27(6):751–6.
Momesso DP, Tuttle RM. Update on differentiated thyroid cancer staging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):401–21.
Ganly I, Nixon IJ, Wang LY, Palmer FL, Migliacci JC, Aniss A, et al. Survival from Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: What Has Age Got to Do with It? Thyroid. 2015 Oct;25(10):1106–14.
Hay ID, Bergstralh EJ, Goellner JR, Ebersold JR, Grant CS. Predicting outcome in papillary thyroid carcinoma: development of a reliable prognostic scoring system in a cohort of 1779 patients surgically treated at one institution during 1940 through 1989. Surgery. 1993 Dec;114(6):1050–7; discussion 1057-8.
Casara D, Rubello D, Saladini G, Masarotto G, Favero A, Girelli ME, et al. Different features of pulmonary metastases in differentiated thyroid cancer: natural history and multivariate statistical analysis of prognostic variables. J Nucl Med. 1993 Oct;34(10):1626–31.
Chiu AC, Delpassand ES, Sherman SI. Prognosis and treatment of brain metastases in thyroid carcinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Nov;82(11):3637–42.
Asioli S, Erickson LA, Sebo TJ, Zhang J, Jin L, Thompson GB, et al. Papillary thyroid carcinoma with prominent hobnail features: a new aggressive variant of moderately differentiated papillary carcinoma. A clinicopathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular study of eight cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010 Jan;34(1):44–52.
Xing M, Westra WH, Tufano RP, Cohen Y, Rosenbaum E, Rhoden KJ, et al. BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Dec;90(12):6373–9.
Kim TH, Park YJ, Lim JA, Ahn HY, Lee EK, Lee YJ, et al. The association of the BRAF(V600E) mutation with prognostic factors and poor clinical outcome in papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Cancer. 2012 Apr 1;118(7):1764–73.
Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, Doherty GM, Mandel SJ, Nikiforov YE, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1–133.
Weitzman SP, Sherman SI. Novel Drug Treatments of Progressive Radioiodine-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;48(1):253–68.
Laetsch TW, DuBois SG, Mascarenhas L, Turpin B, Federman N, Albert CM, et al. Larotrectinib for paediatric solid tumours harbouring NTRK gene fusions: phase 1 results from a multicentre, open-label, phase 1/2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2018 May;19(5):705–14.
Wirth LJ, Sherman E, Robinson B, Solomon B, Kang H, Lorch J, et al. Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET-Altered Thyroid Cancers. N Engl J Med. 2020 Aug 27;383(9):825–35.
Brose MS, Cabanillas ME, Cohen EEW, Wirth LJ, Riehl T, Yue H, et al. Vemurafenib in patients with BRAF(V600E)-positive metastatic or unresectable papillary thyroid cancer refractory to radioactive iodine: a non-randomised, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Sep;17(9):1272–82.
Cabanillas ME, Schlumberger M, Jarzab B, Martins RG, Pacini F, Robinson B, et al. A phase 2 trial of lenvatinib (E7080) in advanced, progressive, radioiodine-refractory, differentiated thyroid cancer: A clinical outcomes and biomarker assessment. Cancer. 2015 Aug 15;121(16):2749–56.
Wilhelm SM, Carter C, Tang L, Wilkie D, McNabola A, Rong H, et al. BAY 43-9006 exhibits broad spectrum oral antitumor activity and targets the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and receptor tyrosine kinases involved in tumor progression and angiogenesis. Cancer Res. 2004 Oct 1;64(19):7099–109.
Cabanillas ME, de Souza JA, Geyer S, Wirth LJ, Menefee ME, Liu S V, et al. Cabozantinib As Salvage Therapy for Patients With Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor-Refractory Differentiated Thyroid Cancer: Results of a Multicenter Phase II International Thyroid Oncology Group Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Oct 10;35(29):3315–21.
Bonadonna G, Monfardini S, De Lena M, Fossati-Bellani F, Beretta G. Phase I and preliminary phase II evaluation of adriamycin (NSC 123127). Cancer Res. 1970 Oct;30(10):2572–82.
Gottlieb JA, Hill CS. Chemotherapy of thyroid cancer with adriamycin. Experience with 30 patients. N Engl J Med. 1974 Jan 24;290(4):193–7.
