Birleşik Krallık’ta Ulusal Kimlikler
Özet
Bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’ta İngiltere, İskoçya, Galler ve Kuzey İrlanda’nın farklı ulusal kimliklerini ve bu kimliklerin Birleşik Krallık’ın genel yapısı içerisinde birbirleriyle ve dış dünya ile nasıl bir etkileşim içinde olduğunu tarihi, dilbilimsel ve kültürel bağlamlarda incelemektedir. Stereotipler, milliyetçilik biçimleri ve tarihsel olaylar aracılığıyla ulusal kimliklerin nasıl şekillendiğini ele almaktadır. İskoçya’nın özgün hukuk ve eğitim sistemleri, Galler’in dil ve kültür mirası, Kuzey İrlanda’nın dini çeşitliliği ve İngiltere’nin kültürel ve politik ağırlığı, ulusal kimlik anlayışlarını farklılaştıran önemli faktörler olarak vurgulanmıştır. Çalışma, yetki devri ve sosyo-kültürel hareketler gibi siyasi ifadelerde kendini gösteren bu farklı kimliklerin, Birleşik Krallık içinde ve uluslararası ilişkiler bağlamında daha geniş jeopolitik ve sosyo-kültürel dinamiklerin bir örneğini sunduğunu öne sürmektedir. Bu bağlamda, ‹Britanyalı' olmanın anlamının sürekli olarak yeniden değerlendirilmesi gerektiği ve bu konuda süregelen akademik ve kamusal tartışmalara ihtiyaç duyulduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Referanslar
Bardon, Jonathan. A History of Ulster. Blackstaff Press. 2005.
Bartlett, Thomas. “‘A People Made Rather for Copies Than Originals’: The Anglo-Irish, 1760–1800.” The International History Review, vol. 12, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, Feb. 1990, pp. 11–25. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1990.9640534.
---. “‘This famous island set in a Virginian sea’: Ireland in the British Empire, 1690–1801.” The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century, edited by P. J. Marshall, Alaine Low, and Wm. Roger Louis, Oxford Academic, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205630.003.0012.
Bebbington, D. W. “Religion and National Feeling in Nineteenth-century Wales and Scotland.” Studies in Church History, vol. 18, Cambridge UP (CUP), 1982, pp. 489–503. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400016302.
Bew, Paul. Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006. Oxford UP, USA, 2007.
Browne-Moxon, Edward. “National Identity in Northern Ireland.” Social Attitudes in Ireland: The First Report, edited by Peter Stringer and Gillian Robinson, Blackstaff Press, 1991.
Cohen, Robin. “Fuzzy Frontiers of Identity: The British Case.” Social Identities, vol. 1, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, Feb. 1995, pp. 35–62. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.1995.9959425.
Colley, Linda. “Britishness and Otherness: An Argument.” The Journal of British Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, Cambridge UP (CUP), Oct. 1992, pp. 309–29. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1086/386013.
Coogan, Tim Pat. The Troubles: Ireland’s Ordeal and the Search for Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
Connolly, S. J. “Varieties of Britishness: Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the Hanoverian State.” Uniting the Kingdom? The Making of British History, edited by Alexander Grant and Keith Stringer, Routledge, 1995, pp. 193–207
Coulmas, Florian. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.
Crystal, David. English as a Global Language. Cambridge UP, 2003.
“Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847)." University of Nottingham- Manuscripts and Special Collections, University of Nottingham, www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/learning/biographies/danieloconnell(1775-1847).aspx.
Davies, John. A History of Wales. Penguin UK, 2007.
Davies, W. Wales: The Cultural Heritage. Y Lolfa, 2008
“Dynamics of Diversity.”. Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity, www.ethnicity.ac.uk/discover/briefings/dynamics-of-diversity. Accessed 17 Sept. 2023.
Dumville, David N. ‘‘Celtic’ visions of England’ in Andrew Galloway (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Medieval English Culture. Cambridge, 2011
"eisteddfod". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Dec. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/art/eisteddfod. Accessed 17 September 2023. Web. [15 September 2023].
Frith, Simon. “On Not Being Scottish.” Critical Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 4, Wiley, Dec. 2000, pp. 1–6. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00314.
Güvenç, Sıla Şenlen. "‘[You can’t kill me]’: Scottish Identity and the Anglo-Scottish Union in David Greig’s Dunsinane." Scottish Literary Review 6.2 (2014): 93-113.
Hall, Stuart. Representation. SAGE, 1997.
Hayward, Katy. “The Pivotal Position of the Irish Border in the UK’s Withdrawal From the European Union.” Space and Polity, vol. 22, no. 2, Informa UK Limited, May 2018, pp. 238–54. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2018.1505491.
Ignatieff, Michael. Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism. Originally published by BBC Books, 1993. Viking, Toronto, 1993. Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/bloodbelongingjo00igna_1/page/180/mode/2up?q=ethnic.
Keating, Michael. The Government of Scotland: Public Policy Making After Devolution. Edinburgh University Press. 2009.
Kiss, Zsolt, and Allison Park. “‘National Identity: Exploring Britishness’.” British Social Attitudes: The 31st Report., edited by Alison Park et al., NatCen Social Research, 2014.
Kumar, Krishan. “Nation and Empire: English and British National Identity in Comparative Perspective.” Theory and Society, vol. 29, no. 5, 2000, pp. 575–608. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3108547. Accessed 11 June 2023.
---. The Making of English National Identity. Cambridge UP, 2003.
Mann Robin and Steve Fenton. Nation Class and Resentment: The Politics of National Identity in England Scotland and Wales. Palgrave Macmillan UK: Imprint: Palgrave 2017.
McBride, Ian. “Protestantism and Patriotism in Eighteenth-Century Ireland.” Protestantism and National Identity. Britain and Ireland c.1650–c.1850, edited by Claydon and McBride, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 236–61.
Nairn, Tom. The Break-up of Britain. New Left Books and Verso Editions, 1981.
---. The Enchanted Glass: Britain and Its Monarchy. Updated ed, Vintage, 1994.
Orwell, George. The Lion and the Unicorn. Penguin UK, 2018.
Park, Alison, et al., editors. British Social Attitudes: The 31st Report, NatCen Social Research, 2004.
Pittock, Murray. Scottish and Irish Romanticism. Oxford University Press. 2008.
Prebble, John. The Highland Clearances. London: Penguin UK. 1982.
Smith, Anthony D. National Identity. Ethnonationalism in Comparativ, 1991.
Smith, David. Fields of Praise: The Official History of the Welsh Rugby Union, 1881-1981. University of Wales Press. 2000.
Tranter, Bruce, and Jed Donoghue. “Embodying Britishness: National Identity in the United Kingdom.” Nations and Nationalism, vol. 27, no. 4, Wiley, Mar. 2021, pp. 992–1008. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12730.
Referanslar
Bardon, Jonathan. A History of Ulster. Blackstaff Press. 2005.
Bartlett, Thomas. “‘A People Made Rather for Copies Than Originals’: The Anglo-Irish, 1760–1800.” The International History Review, vol. 12, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, Feb. 1990, pp. 11–25. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/07075332.1990.9640534.
---. “‘This famous island set in a Virginian sea’: Ireland in the British Empire, 1690–1801.” The Oxford History of the British Empire: Volume II: The Eighteenth Century, edited by P. J. Marshall, Alaine Low, and Wm. Roger Louis, Oxford Academic, 1998, https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198205630.003.0012.
Bebbington, D. W. “Religion and National Feeling in Nineteenth-century Wales and Scotland.” Studies in Church History, vol. 18, Cambridge UP (CUP), 1982, pp. 489–503. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1017/s0424208400016302.
Bew, Paul. Ireland: The Politics of Enmity 1789-2006. Oxford UP, USA, 2007.
Browne-Moxon, Edward. “National Identity in Northern Ireland.” Social Attitudes in Ireland: The First Report, edited by Peter Stringer and Gillian Robinson, Blackstaff Press, 1991.
Cohen, Robin. “Fuzzy Frontiers of Identity: The British Case.” Social Identities, vol. 1, no. 1, Informa UK Limited, Feb. 1995, pp. 35–62. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/13504630.1995.9959425.
Colley, Linda. “Britishness and Otherness: An Argument.” The Journal of British Studies, vol. 31, no. 4, Cambridge UP (CUP), Oct. 1992, pp. 309–29. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1086/386013.
Coogan, Tim Pat. The Troubles: Ireland’s Ordeal and the Search for Peace. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002.
Connolly, S. J. “Varieties of Britishness: Ireland, Scotland and Wales in the Hanoverian State.” Uniting the Kingdom? The Making of British History, edited by Alexander Grant and Keith Stringer, Routledge, 1995, pp. 193–207
Coulmas, Florian. The Handbook of Sociolinguistics. Wiley-Blackwell, 1998.
Crystal, David. English as a Global Language. Cambridge UP, 2003.
“Daniel O'Connell (1775-1847)." University of Nottingham- Manuscripts and Special Collections, University of Nottingham, www.nottingham.ac.uk/manuscriptsandspecialcollections/learning/biographies/danieloconnell(1775-1847).aspx.
Davies, John. A History of Wales. Penguin UK, 2007.
Davies, W. Wales: The Cultural Heritage. Y Lolfa, 2008
“Dynamics of Diversity.”. Centre on the Dynamics of Ethnicity, www.ethnicity.ac.uk/discover/briefings/dynamics-of-diversity. Accessed 17 Sept. 2023.
Dumville, David N. ‘‘Celtic’ visions of England’ in Andrew Galloway (ed.), The Cambridge Companion to Medieval English Culture. Cambridge, 2011
"eisteddfod". Encyclopedia Britannica, 22 Dec. 2021, https://www.britannica.com/art/eisteddfod. Accessed 17 September 2023. Web. [15 September 2023].
Frith, Simon. “On Not Being Scottish.” Critical Quarterly, vol. 42, no. 4, Wiley, Dec. 2000, pp. 1–6. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8705.00314.
Güvenç, Sıla Şenlen. "‘[You can’t kill me]’: Scottish Identity and the Anglo-Scottish Union in David Greig’s Dunsinane." Scottish Literary Review 6.2 (2014): 93-113.
Hall, Stuart. Representation. SAGE, 1997.
Hayward, Katy. “The Pivotal Position of the Irish Border in the UK’s Withdrawal From the European Union.” Space and Polity, vol. 22, no. 2, Informa UK Limited, May 2018, pp. 238–54. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1080/13562576.2018.1505491.
Ignatieff, Michael. Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism. Originally published by BBC Books, 1993. Viking, Toronto, 1993. Internet Archive, https://archive.org/details/bloodbelongingjo00igna_1/page/180/mode/2up?q=ethnic.
Keating, Michael. The Government of Scotland: Public Policy Making After Devolution. Edinburgh University Press. 2009.
Kiss, Zsolt, and Allison Park. “‘National Identity: Exploring Britishness’.” British Social Attitudes: The 31st Report., edited by Alison Park et al., NatCen Social Research, 2014.
Kumar, Krishan. “Nation and Empire: English and British National Identity in Comparative Perspective.” Theory and Society, vol. 29, no. 5, 2000, pp. 575–608. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/3108547. Accessed 11 June 2023.
---. The Making of English National Identity. Cambridge UP, 2003.
Mann Robin and Steve Fenton. Nation Class and Resentment: The Politics of National Identity in England Scotland and Wales. Palgrave Macmillan UK: Imprint: Palgrave 2017.
McBride, Ian. “Protestantism and Patriotism in Eighteenth-Century Ireland.” Protestantism and National Identity. Britain and Ireland c.1650–c.1850, edited by Claydon and McBride, Cambridge University Press, 1998, pp. 236–61.
Nairn, Tom. The Break-up of Britain. New Left Books and Verso Editions, 1981.
---. The Enchanted Glass: Britain and Its Monarchy. Updated ed, Vintage, 1994.
Orwell, George. The Lion and the Unicorn. Penguin UK, 2018.
Park, Alison, et al., editors. British Social Attitudes: The 31st Report, NatCen Social Research, 2004.
Pittock, Murray. Scottish and Irish Romanticism. Oxford University Press. 2008.
Prebble, John. The Highland Clearances. London: Penguin UK. 1982.
Smith, Anthony D. National Identity. Ethnonationalism in Comparativ, 1991.
Smith, David. Fields of Praise: The Official History of the Welsh Rugby Union, 1881-1981. University of Wales Press. 2000.
Tranter, Bruce, and Jed Donoghue. “Embodying Britishness: National Identity in the United Kingdom.” Nations and Nationalism, vol. 27, no. 4, Wiley, Mar. 2021, pp. 992–1008. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.1111/nana.12730.
