Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmasında Nitel Değerlendirmeler

Yazarlar

Özet

Kariyer gelişimi, sanılanın aksine, doğrusal bir gelişim gösteren yapıdan ziyade kendi içinde bireysel ve çevresel faktörlerin dinamik bir etkileşimini içeren karmaşık bir yapıya sahiptir. Bu nedenle, bireylerin kariyer gelişimlerine destek olmada ya da yasadıkları herhangi bir kariyer güçlüğünün üstesinden gelmelerine yardımcı olmada bireyi tanımak ve sorununun doğasını tüm boyutları ile anlamak önemlidir. Bu noktada sadece puanlar ortaya koyarak kişileri belli gruplara kategorize eden standart ve nicel ölçme araçları yeterli olmayacak, danışanların bireysel kariyer hikayelerini derinlemesine inceleme fırsatı sunan nitel yöntemlere başvurmak gerekebilecektir. Bu teknik ve yöntemlerin pek çok güçlü yönü bulunmaktadır. Kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığında nitel değerlendirmeler, sadece bir değerlendirme olarak değil, aynı zamanda bir kariyer danışmanlığı yöntemi olarak da hizmet ederler. Bu yöntemler, danışanların öznel deneyimlerinin, algılarının ve anlamlarının derinlemesine ve zengin bir şekilde keşfedilmesine olanak tanır. Danışanların kariyer yolculuklarını anlamlandırmalarına ve seçimlerini etkileyen faktörler hakkında içgörü kazanmalarına yardımcı olurlar. Zamanında ve güvene dayalı bir şekilde kullanıldığında, bu teknikler danışanlarla terapötik ittifaklar kurulmasına yardımcı olarak hassas konulardaki tartışmaları kolaylaştırır. Bununla birlikte bazı sınırlılıklarının farkında olmak önemlidir. Bu yöntemler öznel ve yorumlamaya açıktırlar, bu nedenle kariyer danışmanlarının bunları kullanmak için yeterli eğitime sahip olmaları ve bunların arkasındaki kariyer gelişimi ve danışmanlık teorilerini derinlemesine anlamaları gerekir. Yapısındaki esneklik ve yaratıcılık nedeniyle iyi bir hazırlık yapmayı gerektirirler, zaman ve uygulama pratikliği acısından ekonomik olmayabilirler. Bu kitap bölümünde, kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığında nitel değerlendirmelerin kullanımına dair kavramsal bilginin yani sıra nitel değerlendirmelere bir örnek olarak kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığı sürecinde terapötik kartların nasıl kullanılabileceği ele alınmıştır. Bu bağlamda, terapötik kartların farklı yaş gruplarından bireylerle kullanımına yönelik örnekler sunulmuş; sürecin yapılandırılması ve oturumların nasıl yürütülebileceği ve bu süreçte göz önünde bulundurulması gereken önlemler aktarılmıştır.

Referanslar

Barner, R. (2010). Applying visual metaphors to career transitions. Journal of Career Development, 38(1), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845309359287

Borg, T., Bright, J. E., & Pryor, R. G. (2014). High school students – complexity, change and chance: Do the key concepts of the Chaos Theory of Careers apply? Australian Journal of Career Development, 23(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416214523394

Brown A. D., Humphreys, M., & Gurney, P. M. (2005). Narrative, Identity and Change: A Case Study of Laskarina Holidays. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18, 312–326.

Brott, P. E. (2004). Constructivist Assessment in Career Counseling. Journal of Career Development, 30(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/089484530403000302

Brott, P. (2005). A constructivist look at life roles. The Career Development Quarterly, 54(2), 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2005.tb00146.x

Chope, R. (2005). Qualitatively assessing family influence in career decision making. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 395-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277913

Di Fabio A. (2015). Life Project Reflexivity Scale: Un nuovo strumento orientativo per il XXI secolo [Life Project Reflexivity Scale: A new career counseling tool for the 21st century]. Counseling. Giornale Italiano di Ricerca e Applicazioni, 8. http://rivistedigitali.erickson.it/counseling/archivio/vol-8-n-3/

Di Fabio A. (2016). Life Design and Career Counseling Innovative Outcomes (CCIO). The Career Development Quarterly, 64, 35–48.

Eisenstein-Naveh A. (2002). Greeting cards: Their use as therapeutic messages that reframe and heal. The Family Journal: Counselling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 10(1), 93–97. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.886.9416&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Goldman, L. (1992). Qualitative assessment: An approach for counselors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 616–621.

Gysbers, N. C. (2006). Using qualitative career assessments in career counselling with adults. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 6, 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-006-9102-4

Hartung, P. and Borges, N. (2005). Toward integrated career assessment: using story to appraise career dispositions and adaptability. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 439-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277923

Karacan Ozdemir, N. (2020). A creative method for career supervision: Therapeutic associative cards. Australian Journal of Career Development, 29(2), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416220927795

Karacan-Ozdemir, N. (2018). Kariyer Yapılandırma Görüşmesi: Nitel Bir Değerlendirme Aracı ve Kariyer Danışma Yöntemi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(6), 1071–1081.

Karacan-Ozdemir, N., & Çohadar, E. (2021). Kariyer yapılandırma kuramı. [Career construction theory]. Ö. Ulaş (Ed.) Vaka örnekleriyle desteklenmiş kariyer psikolojik danışması kuramları (ss. 199-223) içinde. Nobel Yayıncılık.

Karacan-Ozdemir, N. (2022). Kariyer yapılandırma kuramı. F.Bacanlı & A. Büyükgözekavas (Eds.) Kariyer Psikolojk Danışmasında Çağdaş Kuramlar Yaklaşımlar ve Modeller (ss. 2-26) içinde. Pegem Akademi.

Karacan-Ozdemir, N. (Ed.) (2023). Kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığında kuramlar. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.

Karnieli-Miller O., Nissim G., Goldberg M. (2017). It’s in the cards: The contribution of illustrated metaphor cards to exploring values within narratives. Qualitative Health Research, 27(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315609897

Maree, J., & Fabio, A. (2018). Integrating personal and career counseling to promote sustainable development and change. Sustainability, 10(11), 4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114176

McIlveen, P. (2007). Counsellors' personal experience and appraisal of my career chapter. Australian Journal of Career Development, 16(2), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620701600204

McIlveen, P., Mcgregor-Bayne, H., Alcock, A., & Hjertum, E. (2003). Evaluation of a semi-structured career assessment interview derived from systems theory framework. Australian Journal of Career Development, 12(3), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620301200306

McIlveen, P., Midgley, W. (2015). A philosophical consideration of qualitative career assessment. In McMahon, M., Watson, M. (eds) Career assessment. Career Development Series. Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-034-5_2

Mcmahon, M., & Patton, W. (2002). Using qualitative assessment in career counselling. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance 2, 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101428340749

McMahon, M., Patton, W., & Watson, M. (2003). Developing qualitative career assessment processes. The Career Development Quarterly, 51(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00601.x

McMahon, M., & Watson, M. (2008). Systemic influences on career development: Assisting clients to tell their career stories. The Career Development Quarterly, 56(3), 280-288. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00043.x

McMahon, M., & Watson, M. (2009). Career psychology research challenges: A systems theory response. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(2), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900204

McMahon, M., & Watson, M. (2015). Qualitative career assessment: Future directions. In M. McMahon & M. Watson (Eds.), Career assessment: Qualitative approaches (ss. 257-262). Sense.

McMahon, M., Watson, M, & Lee, M. C. Y. (2019). Qualitative career assessment: A review and reconsideration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110(B), 420-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.03.009

McMahon, M., Watson, M., & Patton, W. (2005). Qualitative career assessment: Developing the My System of Career Influences Reflection Activity. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 476-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277930

Whiston, S., & Rahardja, D. (2005). Qualitative career assessment: An overview and analysis. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277910

Peavy, R. V. (2000). A sociodynamic perspective for counselling. Australian Journal of Career Development, 9(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620000900105

Pryor, R. (2007). Assessing complexity: Integrating being and becoming. Journal of Employment Counseling, 44(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2007.tb00031.x

Psikolojik Danışma Etik Kodları (2021). Türk PDR Derneği Yayınları.

Savickas, M. L. (1993). Career counseling in the postmodern era. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 7, 205-215.

Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Schultheiss, D. E. (2005). Qualitative relational career assessment: A constructivist paradigm. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277912

Slaney R. B., Moran W. J., Wade J. C. (1994). Vocational card sorts. In Mastie M. M., Whitfield E. A. (Eds), A counsellor’s guide to career assessment instruments (pp. 347–360). National Career Development Association.

Stead, G. B., & Davis, B, L. (2015). Qualitative career assessment: Research evidence. In M. McMahon & M. Watson (Eds.), Career assessment: Constructivist approaches (pp. 21- 30), Sense.

Rehfuss, M. (2009). The future career autobiography: a narrative measure of career intervention effectiveness. The Career Development Quarterly, 58(1), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2009.tb00177.x

Thorngren, J. M., & Feit, S. S. (2001). The career-O-Gram: A postmodern career intervention. The Career Development Quarterly, 49(4), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00957.x

Ulaş, Ö. (2019). Kariyer gelişiminde yeni yaklaşımlar: Planlanmış Şans Kuramı ve Kariyer Yapılandırma Kuramı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (51), 356-385.

Referanslar

Barner, R. (2010). Applying visual metaphors to career transitions. Journal of Career Development, 38(1), 89-106. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845309359287

Borg, T., Bright, J. E., & Pryor, R. G. (2014). High school students – complexity, change and chance: Do the key concepts of the Chaos Theory of Careers apply? Australian Journal of Career Development, 23(1), 22-28. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416214523394

Brown A. D., Humphreys, M., & Gurney, P. M. (2005). Narrative, Identity and Change: A Case Study of Laskarina Holidays. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 18, 312–326.

Brott, P. E. (2004). Constructivist Assessment in Career Counseling. Journal of Career Development, 30(3), 189-200. https://doi.org/10.1177/089484530403000302

Brott, P. (2005). A constructivist look at life roles. The Career Development Quarterly, 54(2), 138-149. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2005.tb00146.x

Chope, R. (2005). Qualitatively assessing family influence in career decision making. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 395-414. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277913

Di Fabio A. (2015). Life Project Reflexivity Scale: Un nuovo strumento orientativo per il XXI secolo [Life Project Reflexivity Scale: A new career counseling tool for the 21st century]. Counseling. Giornale Italiano di Ricerca e Applicazioni, 8. http://rivistedigitali.erickson.it/counseling/archivio/vol-8-n-3/

Di Fabio A. (2016). Life Design and Career Counseling Innovative Outcomes (CCIO). The Career Development Quarterly, 64, 35–48.

Eisenstein-Naveh A. (2002). Greeting cards: Their use as therapeutic messages that reframe and heal. The Family Journal: Counselling and Therapy for Couples and Families, 10(1), 93–97. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.886.9416&rep=rep1&type=pdf

Goldman, L. (1992). Qualitative assessment: An approach for counselors. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 616–621.

Gysbers, N. C. (2006). Using qualitative career assessments in career counselling with adults. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 6, 95-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-006-9102-4

Hartung, P. and Borges, N. (2005). Toward integrated career assessment: using story to appraise career dispositions and adaptability. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 439-451. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277923

Karacan Ozdemir, N. (2020). A creative method for career supervision: Therapeutic associative cards. Australian Journal of Career Development, 29(2), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1038416220927795

Karacan-Ozdemir, N. (2018). Kariyer Yapılandırma Görüşmesi: Nitel Bir Değerlendirme Aracı ve Kariyer Danışma Yöntemi. Anemon Muş Alparslan Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(6), 1071–1081.

Karacan-Ozdemir, N., & Çohadar, E. (2021). Kariyer yapılandırma kuramı. [Career construction theory]. Ö. Ulaş (Ed.) Vaka örnekleriyle desteklenmiş kariyer psikolojik danışması kuramları (ss. 199-223) içinde. Nobel Yayıncılık.

Karacan-Ozdemir, N. (2022). Kariyer yapılandırma kuramı. F.Bacanlı & A. Büyükgözekavas (Eds.) Kariyer Psikolojk Danışmasında Çağdaş Kuramlar Yaklaşımlar ve Modeller (ss. 2-26) içinde. Pegem Akademi.

Karacan-Ozdemir, N. (Ed.) (2023). Kariyer psikolojik danışmanlığında kuramlar. Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık.

Karnieli-Miller O., Nissim G., Goldberg M. (2017). It’s in the cards: The contribution of illustrated metaphor cards to exploring values within narratives. Qualitative Health Research, 27(1), 138–151. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732315609897

Maree, J., & Fabio, A. (2018). Integrating personal and career counseling to promote sustainable development and change. Sustainability, 10(11), 4176. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114176

McIlveen, P. (2007). Counsellors' personal experience and appraisal of my career chapter. Australian Journal of Career Development, 16(2), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620701600204

McIlveen, P., Mcgregor-Bayne, H., Alcock, A., & Hjertum, E. (2003). Evaluation of a semi-structured career assessment interview derived from systems theory framework. Australian Journal of Career Development, 12(3), 33-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620301200306

McIlveen, P., Midgley, W. (2015). A philosophical consideration of qualitative career assessment. In McMahon, M., Watson, M. (eds) Career assessment. Career Development Series. Sense Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6300-034-5_2

Mcmahon, M., & Patton, W. (2002). Using qualitative assessment in career counselling. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance 2, 51–66. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101428340749

McMahon, M., Patton, W., & Watson, M. (2003). Developing qualitative career assessment processes. The Career Development Quarterly, 51(3), 194-202. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2003.tb00601.x

McMahon, M., & Watson, M. (2008). Systemic influences on career development: Assisting clients to tell their career stories. The Career Development Quarterly, 56(3), 280-288. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2008.tb00043.x

McMahon, M., & Watson, M. (2009). Career psychology research challenges: A systems theory response. South African Journal of Psychology, 39(2), 184-194. https://doi.org/10.1177/008124630903900204

McMahon, M., & Watson, M. (2015). Qualitative career assessment: Future directions. In M. McMahon & M. Watson (Eds.), Career assessment: Qualitative approaches (ss. 257-262). Sense.

McMahon, M., Watson, M, & Lee, M. C. Y. (2019). Qualitative career assessment: A review and reconsideration. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110(B), 420-432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.03.009

McMahon, M., Watson, M., & Patton, W. (2005). Qualitative career assessment: Developing the My System of Career Influences Reflection Activity. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 476-490. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277930

Whiston, S., & Rahardja, D. (2005). Qualitative career assessment: An overview and analysis. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 371-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277910

Peavy, R. V. (2000). A sociodynamic perspective for counselling. Australian Journal of Career Development, 9(1), 17-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620000900105

Pryor, R. (2007). Assessing complexity: Integrating being and becoming. Journal of Employment Counseling, 44(3), 126-134. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2007.tb00031.x

Psikolojik Danışma Etik Kodları (2021). Türk PDR Derneği Yayınları.

Savickas, M. L. (1993). Career counseling in the postmodern era. Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy: An International Quarterly, 7, 205-215.

Savickas, M. L. (2005). The theory and practice of career construction. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.), Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 42–70). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Schultheiss, D. E. (2005). Qualitative relational career assessment: A constructivist paradigm. Journal of Career Assessment, 13(4), 381-394. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072705277912

Slaney R. B., Moran W. J., Wade J. C. (1994). Vocational card sorts. In Mastie M. M., Whitfield E. A. (Eds), A counsellor’s guide to career assessment instruments (pp. 347–360). National Career Development Association.

Stead, G. B., & Davis, B, L. (2015). Qualitative career assessment: Research evidence. In M. McMahon & M. Watson (Eds.), Career assessment: Constructivist approaches (pp. 21- 30), Sense.

Rehfuss, M. (2009). The future career autobiography: a narrative measure of career intervention effectiveness. The Career Development Quarterly, 58(1), 82-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2009.tb00177.x

Thorngren, J. M., & Feit, S. S. (2001). The career-O-Gram: A postmodern career intervention. The Career Development Quarterly, 49(4), 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-0045.2001.tb00957.x

Ulaş, Ö. (2019). Kariyer gelişiminde yeni yaklaşımlar: Planlanmış Şans Kuramı ve Kariyer Yapılandırma Kuramı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi (51), 356-385.

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7 Şubat 2024

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