İçeriğe Odaklanan Kariyer Kuramlarına İlişkin Uygulamalar
Özet
Kariyer gelişim kuramları arasında içeriğe odaklanan kariyer kuramlarının temelleri oldukça önceki dönemlere, 1900’lü yıllara dayanmaktadır. Psikometrik değerlendirmeler ve psikolojik testlerin etkilerinin önemli ölçüde hissedildiği bu dönemde önce Frank Parsons’ın özellik- faktör kuramı bireyin ölçülebilen özellikleri ile işin gereklilikleri arasındaki eşleşmeye vurgu yapmışlardır. Benzer bir bakış açısı Holland’ın tipolojik kuramında açıklanmış bununla birlikte mesleki ilgiler ve ilgilerin bir altıgen gösterimle ifade edilmesi ayırd edici olmuştur. Ayrıca bu kuramda tıpkı bireylerde olduğu gibi mesleki ve eğitsel alanların da bu alanlarda yer alan bireylerin özellik ve ilgilerine bağlı olarak sınıflandırılabilmesi fikri ortaya atılmıştır. Kişiliği ve kişiliğin özelliklerini ilgilerden daha öte çok daha geniş bir yelpazede ele alan beş faktör kişilik kuramı ile ise çeşitli kültürel özelliklerde de geçerliği kanıtlanmış bir yapı ile bireylerin özelliklerini belirlemek mümkün olabilmiştir. Önceki bakış açılarından farklı olarak işe uyum kuramı ise kişi veya bireylerin özellikleri ile eğitsel ve mesleki alanların gereklilikleri arasında dinamik bir etkileşim olduğundan ve her iki bileşenin bunları düzenleyebildiğini önermektedir. Bordin ise kariyer seçimine psikodinamik bir bakış açısı getirmiş ve benlik tasarımı ve kariyer seçimi ile ilgili konuları psikodinamik kavram ve ifadelerle yeniden düzenlemeye çalışmıştır. Son olarak Brown’un değer temelli kariyer yaklaşımı bireylerin meslek seçiminde ön planda tutması gereken bir özellik olarak mesleki değerleri açıklamış, bunların bireyin ulaşmayı amaçladığı nihai hedefler olması nedeniyle tüm kariyer seçim sürecine etki ettiğini belirtmiştir.
Referanslar
Barrick, M.R. ve Mount, M.K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.
Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. ve Judge, T.A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 9 –30.
Bordin, E.S. (1990). Psychodynamic model of career choice and satisfaction. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (pp. 102–144). Jossey-Bass.
Brawn, E. S. (2002). The Role of Work Values and Cultural Values in Occupational Choice, Satisfaction, and Success A Theoretical Statement. In D. Brown & L. Brooks, Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (4th Ed.) (pp. 465–144). Jossey-Bass.
Brown, D. (1996). Brown’s values-based, holistic model of career and life-role choices and satisfaction. Career choice and development, 3, 327-338.
Costa, P. T., Jr ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources
Dawis, R. V. (1996). The theory of work adjustment and person-environment-correspondence counseling. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (3rd ed.), pp. 75–115). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dawis, R. V. (2002). Person-environment-correspondence theory. In D. Brown & Associates, Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (4th ed., pp. 427–464). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dawis, R. V. (2005). The Minnesota theory of work adjustment. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 3–23). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dawis, R. V., Dohm, T. E., Lofquist, L. H., Chartrand, J. M. ve Due, A. M. (1987). Minnesota occupational classification system III. Minneapolis: Vocational Psychology Research, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Deniz, K. Z. (2009). Mesleki Alan İlgi Envanteri (MAİ) Geliştirme Çalışması. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 288-310.
Digman, J. M. ve Inouye, J. 1986. Further specification of the five robust factors of personality, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 116–23
Dugger, S.M. (2016). Foundations of career counseling: A case-based approach. US: Pearson Education, Inc.
Goldberg LR. (1990). An alternative “description of personality”: The Big Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59,1216-1229.
Gottfredson, G.D. (1999). John L. Holland’s Contributions To Vocational Psychology: A Review And Evaluation. Journal Of Vocational Behaviour, 55, 15-40.
Gottfredson, G. D. ve Holland, J. L. (1991). The position classification inventory: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Gottfredson, G. D. ve Holland, J. L. (1994). The career attitudes and strategies inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Herr, E. L., Cramer, S. H. ve Niles, S. G. (2004). Career guidance and counseling through the lifespan: Systematic approaches (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Holland, J.L. (1985). Manual for the vocational preference inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Holland, J.L. (1994). Self-directed search (SDS), Form R. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Holland, J.L. (1997). Making Vocational Choices; A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments (3rd ed.). Florida: PAR Inc.
Holland, J. L., Johnston, J. H. ve Asama, N. (1993). The vocational identity scale: A diagnostic and treatment tool. Journal of Career Assessment, 1, 1–12.
Lofquist, L. H. ve Dawis, R. V. (1991). Essentials of person-environment-correspondence counseling. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
McCrae, R. R. (1987). Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1258 – 1265.
McCrae R.R. ve John O.P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60,175-215.
McCrae R.R. ve Costa P.T. Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52,509-5 16.
Osipow, S. H. ve Fitzgerald, L. F. (1996). Theories of career development (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Patton, W. ve McMahon, M. (2014). Theories of career development: Wider explanations. In Career Development and Systems Theory (pp. 135-181). Brill.
Sharf, R. S. (2016). Applying career development theory to counseling. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole
Tracey, T.J.G. ve Gupta, S. (2008). Interest Assessment In An International Context. J.A. Athanasou ve R. Van Esbroeck (Ed.). International Handbook Of Career Guidance (s. 525-537). Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Tracey, T.J.G. ve Rounds, J. (1995). The Arbitrary Nature of Holland’s RIASEC Types: A Concentric-Circles Structure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42 (4), 431-439.
University of Minnesota. (1984). Minnesota Importance Questionnaire. Minneapolis: Author.
Williamson, E. G. (1939). How to counsel students: A manual of techniques for clinical counselors. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Williamson, E. G. (1965). Vocational counseling: Some historical, philosophical, and theoretical perspectives. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Zunker, V. G. (2006). Career counseling: A holistic approach. Thomson Brooks/Cole.
Referanslar
Barrick, M.R. ve Mount, M.K. (1991). The Big Five personality dimensions and job performance: A meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44, 1–26.
Barrick, M.R., Mount, M.K. ve Judge, T.A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9, 9 –30.
Bordin, E.S. (1990). Psychodynamic model of career choice and satisfaction. In D. Brown & L. Brooks (Eds.), Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (pp. 102–144). Jossey-Bass.
Brawn, E. S. (2002). The Role of Work Values and Cultural Values in Occupational Choice, Satisfaction, and Success A Theoretical Statement. In D. Brown & L. Brooks, Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (4th Ed.) (pp. 465–144). Jossey-Bass.
Brown, D. (1996). Brown’s values-based, holistic model of career and life-role choices and satisfaction. Career choice and development, 3, 327-338.
Costa, P. T., Jr ve McCrae, R. R. (1992). Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources
Dawis, R. V. (1996). The theory of work adjustment and person-environment-correspondence counseling. In D. Brown, L. Brooks, & Associates (Eds.), Career choice and development (3rd ed.), pp. 75–115). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Dawis, R. V. (2002). Person-environment-correspondence theory. In D. Brown & Associates, Career choice and development: Applying contemporary theories to practice (4th ed., pp. 427–464). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Dawis, R. V. (2005). The Minnesota theory of work adjustment. In S. D. Brown & R. W. Lent (Eds.). Career development and counseling: Putting theory and research to work (pp. 3–23). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Dawis, R. V., Dohm, T. E., Lofquist, L. H., Chartrand, J. M. ve Due, A. M. (1987). Minnesota occupational classification system III. Minneapolis: Vocational Psychology Research, Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota.
Deniz, K. Z. (2009). Mesleki Alan İlgi Envanteri (MAİ) Geliştirme Çalışması. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(1), 288-310.
Digman, J. M. ve Inouye, J. 1986. Further specification of the five robust factors of personality, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50, 116–23
Dugger, S.M. (2016). Foundations of career counseling: A case-based approach. US: Pearson Education, Inc.
Goldberg LR. (1990). An alternative “description of personality”: The Big Five factor structure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59,1216-1229.
Gottfredson, G.D. (1999). John L. Holland’s Contributions To Vocational Psychology: A Review And Evaluation. Journal Of Vocational Behaviour, 55, 15-40.
Gottfredson, G. D. ve Holland, J. L. (1991). The position classification inventory: Professional manual. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Gottfredson, G. D. ve Holland, J. L. (1994). The career attitudes and strategies inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Herr, E. L., Cramer, S. H. ve Niles, S. G. (2004). Career guidance and counseling through the lifespan: Systematic approaches (6th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Holland, J.L. (1985). Manual for the vocational preference inventory. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Holland, J.L. (1994). Self-directed search (SDS), Form R. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.
Holland, J.L. (1997). Making Vocational Choices; A Theory of Vocational Personalities and Work Environments (3rd ed.). Florida: PAR Inc.
Holland, J. L., Johnston, J. H. ve Asama, N. (1993). The vocational identity scale: A diagnostic and treatment tool. Journal of Career Assessment, 1, 1–12.
Lofquist, L. H. ve Dawis, R. V. (1991). Essentials of person-environment-correspondence counseling. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
McCrae, R. R. (1987). Creativity, divergent thinking, and openness to experience. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52, 1258 – 1265.
McCrae R.R. ve John O.P. (1992). An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications. Journal of Personality, 60,175-215.
McCrae R.R. ve Costa P.T. Jr. (1997). Personality trait structure as a human universal. American Psychologist, 52,509-5 16.
Osipow, S. H. ve Fitzgerald, L. F. (1996). Theories of career development (4th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Parsons, F. (1909). Choosing a vocation. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Patton, W. ve McMahon, M. (2014). Theories of career development: Wider explanations. In Career Development and Systems Theory (pp. 135-181). Brill.
Sharf, R. S. (2016). Applying career development theory to counseling. Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole
Tracey, T.J.G. ve Gupta, S. (2008). Interest Assessment In An International Context. J.A. Athanasou ve R. Van Esbroeck (Ed.). International Handbook Of Career Guidance (s. 525-537). Springer Science and Business Media B.V.
Tracey, T.J.G. ve Rounds, J. (1995). The Arbitrary Nature of Holland’s RIASEC Types: A Concentric-Circles Structure. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 42 (4), 431-439.
University of Minnesota. (1984). Minnesota Importance Questionnaire. Minneapolis: Author.
Williamson, E. G. (1939). How to counsel students: A manual of techniques for clinical counselors. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Williamson, E. G. (1965). Vocational counseling: Some historical, philosophical, and theoretical perspectives. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Zunker, V. G. (2006). Career counseling: A holistic approach. Thomson Brooks/Cole.
