Sığırlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Önemi

Ciornei ŞG. Embryo transfer. In: Bozkurt Y, Bucak MN (eds.) Animal Reproduction. 1st ed. London: InTechOpen; 2022. p. 1-22.

Callesen H, Bøgh IB, Greve T. Embryo transfer and other assisted reproductive technologies. In: Noakes DE, Parkinson TJ, England GCW (eds.) Veterinary Reproduction & Obstetrics. 10th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019. p. 778–805.

Kaymaz M. Yardımcı üreme teknolojileri (Reprodüktif biyoteknoloji). In: Kaymaz M, Fındık M, Rişvanlı A, Köker A (eds.) Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji. 2nd ed. Malatya: Medipres Yayıncılık; 2018. p. 693–811.

Abd El-Aziz AH, Mahrous UE, Kamel SZ, et al. Factors influencing in vitro production of bovine embryos: A review. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2016:11; 737–56. doi.org:10.3923/ajava.2016.737.756

Hasler JF. Forty years of embryo transfer in cattle: A review focusing on the journal Theriogenology, the growth of the industry in North America, and personal reminisces. Theriogenology. 2014;81(1):152–69. doi.org:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.010

Alkan H. Embriyo transferinin hastalıkların kontrolünde rolü. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda embriyo transferi ve diğer yardımcı üreme teknolojilerinin kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 83–8.

Sağırkaya H. Dünya ve Türkiye’de embriyo üretimi ve transferinin dünü, bugünü ve geleceği. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda embriyo transferi ve diğer yardımcı üreme teknolojilerinin kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 1–7.

Viana JM. 2021 Statistics of embryo production and transfer in domestic farm animals. Embryo Technology Newsletter 2022;40(4):22–40.

Jelani G, Kalwar Q, Kaka A, et al. Historical background and significance of embryo transfer technology in cattle with its relevant applications. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2023;55(2):959–73. doi.org: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220403060427

Hasler JF. In-vitro production of cattle embryos: Problems with pregnancies and parturition. Human Reproduction. 2000;15(Sup 5):47–58. doi.org: 0.1093/humrep/15.suppl_5.47.

Machaty Z, Peippo J, Peter A. Production and manipulation of bovine embryos: Techniques and terminology. Theriogenology. 2012;78(5):937–50. doi.org:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.04.003

Hansen PJ. The incompletely fulfilled promise of embryo transfer in cattle-why aren’t pregnancy rates greater and what can we do about it? Journal of Animal Science. 2020;98(11):skaa288. doi.org:10.1093/jas/skaa288

Hasler JF. Factors affecting frozen and fresh embryo transfer pregnancy rates in cattle. Theriogenology. 2001;56(9):1401–15.

Ferré LB, Kjelland ME, Strøbech LB, et al. Review:Recent advances in bovine in vitro embryo production:reproductive biotechnology history and methods. Animal. 2020;14(5):991–1004. doi.org: doi:10.1017/S1751731119002775.

Telfer EE, Sakaguchi K, Clarkson YL, et al. In vitro growth of immature bovine follicles and oocytes. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 2019;32(2):1–6. doi.org: 10.1071/RD19270

Camargo LSA, Viana JHM, Sá WF, et al. Factors influencing in vitro embryo production. Animal Reproduction. 2006;3(1):19–28.

Rizos D, Clemente M, Bermejo-Alvarez P, et al. Consequences of in vitro culture conditions on embryo development and quality. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2008;43(Sup 4):44–50. doi.org: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01230.x

Absalón-Medina VA, Butler WR, Gilbert RO. Preimplantation embryo metabolism and culture systems: Experience from domestic animals and clinical implications. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2014;31(4):393–409. doi.org:10.1007/s10815-014-0179-2

Phillips PE, Jahnke MM. Embryo Transfer (Techniques, Donors, and Recipients). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2016;32(2):365-85. doi.org:10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.008

Kocyigit A. A review of ın vitro culture systems in bovine reproductive biotechnologies. Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Husbandry. 2016;1(1):3400102.

Luo D, Zhang JB, Liu W, et al. Leonurine improves in vitro porcine embryo development competence by reducing reactive oxygen species production and protecting mitochondrial function. Theriogenology. 2020;156:116–23. doi.org:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.038

Mapletoft RJ. History and perspectives on bovine embryo transfer. Animal Reproduction. 2013;10(3):168–73.

Patel D, Haque N, Patel G, et al. Implication of embryo transfer technology in livestock productivity. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2018;7(1):1498–510.

Mebratu B, Fesseha H, Goa E. Embryo transfer in cattle production and ıts principle and applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research. 2020;7(1):40–54.

Menta YD. Review on embryo transfer in cattle and its application. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences. 2023;10(4):71–87. doi.org:10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.001

Siedel, G.E., Siedel SM. Training manual for embryo transfer in cattle. FAO Animal Production and Health; 1991. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/T0117E/T0117E00.htm

Nak Y. Sığırlarda embriyo transferinde donör ve taşıyıcı hayvanların seçimi. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 8–13.

Sevgi R, Erdem H, Karaşahin T, et al. Determination of the relationship between serum anti‐Müllerian hormone level and superovulatory response in Simmental cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2019;54(10):1322-1329. doi.org: 10.1111/rda.13506

Satılmış F. Sığırlarda embriyo transferinde donör seçiminde hormonal yöntemler. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 14–9.

Fufa N, Abera D, Kabeta T. Review on bovine embryo transfer. Eur European Journal of Biological Sciences. 2016;8(3):79–84.

Polat B, Çolak A, Okur DT. Sığırlarda embriyo üretiminde süperovulasyon protokolleri ve süperovulasyon cevabına etki eden faktörler. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 20–5.

Kimura K, Hirako M, Iwata H, et al. Successful superovulation of cattle by a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel. Theriogenology. 2007;68(4):633–9. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.02.016.

Kimura K. Superovulation with a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel: A novel superovulation method for cattle. Journal of Reproduction and Development. 2016;62(5):423–9. doi.org: 10.1262/jrd.2016-066

Çizmeci S, Dinç A, Güler M, et al. Effects of FSH administered in different ways on superovulation response and blood FSH levels in cows. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 2023;73(4):4739–46.

Bo GA, Mapletoft RJ. Embryo Transfer Technology in Cattle. In: Niemann H, Wrenzycki C (eds.) Animal Biotechnology 1: Reproductive Biotechnologies. 1st ed. Springer; 2018. p. 107–33.

Karasahin T, Alkan H, Satilmis F, et al. Effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after embryo transfer on the pregnancy rate in cattle. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2021;56(12):1555–61. doi.org: 10.1111/rda.14019.

Çiftçi M. Ovum Pick Up (OPU) by transvagınal ultrasonography ın cattle. In: Abbas RZ, Khan A, Liu P, Saleemi MK (eds.) Animal Health Perspectives. 1st ed. Faisalabad: Unique Scientific Publishers; 2022. p. 180–6.

Galli C, Moor RM. Gonadotrophin requirements for the in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and their subsequent embryonic development. Theriogenology. 1991;35(6):1083–93. doi.org: 10.1016/0093-691X(91)90356-I

Sirard MA. Resumption of meiosis: Mechanism involved in meiotic progression and its relation with developmental competence. Theriogenology. 2001;55(6):1241–54. doi.org: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00480-0

Blanco MR, Demyda S, Moreno MM, et al.. Developmental competence of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes: A review. Biotechnology and Molecular Biology Reviews. 2011;6(7):155–65.

Kaymaz M, Onur G, Özdemir M, et al. Reprodüktif sürü sağlığında yardımcı üreme teknolojilerinin kullanımı. Süt İneklerinde Reprodüktif Sürü Sağlığı Özel Sayısı. 2015;1(1):86–99.

Stroebech L, Mazzoni G, Pedersen HS, et al. In vitro production of bovine embryos: revisiting oocyte development and application of systems biology. Animal Reproduction. 2015;12(3):465–72.

Adona PR, Leal CLV, Biase FH, et al. In vitro maturation alters gene expression in bovine oocytes. Zygote. 2016;24(4):624–33. doi.org: 10.1017/S0967199415000672

Lonergan P, Fair T. Maturation of oocytes in vitro. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. 2016;4(10):255-68. doi.org:10.1146/annurev-animal-022114-110822

Matsuo M, Sumitomo K, Ogino C, et al. Three-step in vitro maturation culture of bovine oocytes imitating temporal changes of estradiol-17 β and progesterone concentrations in preovulatory follicular fluid. Archiving Animal Breeding. 2017;385–90. doi.org: 10.5194/aab-60-385-2017

Aguila L, Treulen F, Therrien J, et al. Oocyte selection for in vitro embryo production in bovine species: Noninvasive approaches for new challenges of oocyte competence. Animals. 2020;10(12):1–24.

Nagata MPB, Endo K, Ogata K, et al. Live births from artificial insemination of microfluidic-sorted bovine spermatozoa characterized by trajectories correlated with fertility. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2018;115(14):E3087–96. doi.org: 10.1073/pnas.1717974115.

Güler M, Çiftçi MF. Sığırlarda embriyo üretiminde in vitro teknikler. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 30–4.

Alkan H, Karaşahin T, Dursun Ş, et al. Evaluation of the factors that affect the pregnancy rates during embryo transfer in beef heifers. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2020;55(4):421–8. doi.org: 10.1111/rda.13623.

Ferraz PA, Burnley C, Karanja J, et al. Factors affecting the success of a large embryo transfer program in Holstein cattle in a commercial herd in the southeast region of the United States. Theriogenology. 2016;86(7):1834–41. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.05.032

Hasler JF, McCauley AD, Lathrop WF, et al. Effect of donor-embryo-recipient interactions on pregnancy rate in a large-scale bovine embryo transfer program. Theriogenology. 1987;27(1):139–68.

Vieira LM, Rodrigues CA, Mendanha MF, et al. Donor category and seasonal climate associated with embryo production and survival in multiple ovulation andembryo transfer programs in Holstein cattle. Theriogenology. 2014;82(2):204–12. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.03.018

Bó GA, Mapletoft RJ. Historical perspectives and recent research on superovulation in cattle. Theriogenology. 2014;81(1):38–48. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.020

Spell AR, Beal WE, Corah LR, et al. Evaluating recipient and embryo factors that affect pregnancy rates of embryo transfer in beef cattle. Theriogenology. 2001;56(2):287–97. doi.org: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00563-5.

Smith AK, Grimmer SP. Pregnancy rates for Grade 2 embryos following administration of synthetic GnRH at the time of transfer in embryo-recipient cattle. Theriogenology. 2002;57(8):2083–91. doi.org: 10.1016/s0093-691x(02)00704-5.

Hasler JF. Factors influencing the success of embryo transfer in cattle.. Proceedings of the 23rd world buiatrics congress, Quebec Canada. 2004;34: 66–67

Vasconcelos JLM, Jardina DTG, Sá Filho OG, et al. Comparison of progesterone-based protocols with gonadotropin-releasing hormone or estradiol benzoate for timed artificial insemination or embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows. Theriogenology. 2011;75(6):1153–60. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.027

Mapletoft RJ, Bo G. Bovine embryo transfer. IVIS Reviews in Veterinary Medicine, International Veterinary Information Service. 2016.

Erdem H, Karasahin T, Alkan H, et al. Effect of embryo quality and developmental stages on pregnancy rate during fresh embryo transfer in beef heifers. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2020;52:2541-7.

Bényei B, Komlósi I, Pécsi A, et al. The effect of internal and external factors on bovine embryo transfer results in a tropical environment. Animal Reproduction Science. 2006;93(3–4):268–79. doi.org: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2005.07.012

Roper DA, Schrick FN, Edwards JL, et al.. Factors in cattle affecting embryo transfer pregnancies in recipient animals. Animal Reproduction Science. 2018;199:79–83. doi.org: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.11.001

Leroy JLMR, Opsomer G, De Vliegher S, et al. Comparison of embryo quality in high-yielding dairy cows, in dairy heifers and in beef cows. Theriogenology. 2005;64(9):2022–36. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.05.003.

Hasler JF. Bovıne embryo transfer: are effıcıencıes ımprovıng?. Proceedings, Applied Reproductive Strategies in Beef Cattle. 2012;319–40.

Wieczorkiewicz M, Jaśkowski JM, Wichtowska A, et al. Effectiveness of embryo transfer in cows - risk factors including in vivo derived and in vitro produced embryos. Medical Journal of Cell Biology. 2021;9(3):123–31.

Looney CR, Nelson JS, Schneider HJ, et al. Improving fertility in beef cow recipients. Theriogenology. 2006;65(1):201–9. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.09.023.

Erdem H. Sığırlarda embriyo transferinde fertilitenin arttırılmasına yönelik girişimler. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 45–9.

Savio JD, Thatcher WW, Sota RL De, et al. Regulation of dominant follicle turnover during the oestrous cycle in cows. Journal of Reproduction & Infertility. 1993;97:197–203. doi.org: 10.1530/jrf.0.0970197.

Siqueira LGB, Torres CAA, Souza ED, et al. Pregnancy rates and corpus luteum-related factors affecting pregnancy establishment in bovine recipients synchronized for fixed-time embryo transfer. Theriogenology. 2009;72(7):949–58. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.013.

Moura MT, Marques MO, Frare J, et al. Sincronização da ovulação com crestar e cIDR para inovulação de em- briões bovinos em tempo fixo. In: Abstracts of the IV Simpósio Internacional de Reproducción Ani- mal, córdoba, Argentina. cordoba: IRAC. 2001; 269.

Purcell SH, Beal WE, Gray KR. Effect of a CIDR insert and flunixin meglumine, administered at the time of embryo transfer, on pregnancy rate and resynchronization of estrus in beef cattle. Theriogenology. 2005;64(4):867–78. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.12.015.

Chagas e Silva J, Diniz P, Lopes da Costa L. Luteotrophic effect, growth and survival of whole versus half embryos and, their relationship with plasma progesterone concentrations of recipient dairy heifers. Animal Reproduction Science. 2008;104(1):18–27.

Wallace LD, Breiner CA, Breiner RA, et al. Administration of human chorionic gonadotropin at embryo transfer induced ovulation of a first wave dominant follicle , and increased progesterone and transfer pregnancy rates. Theriogenology. 2011;75(8):1506–15. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.012

Kirbas M, Bülbül B, Köse M, et al. The Effect of a GnRH agonist ınjection or progesterone implant at diestrus in cryopreserved embryo transferred cows. Bahri Dağdaş Hayvancılık Araştırma Dergisi. 2014;1–2:1–7.

Maillo V, Duffy P, O’Hara L, et al. Effect of hCG administration during corpus luteum establishment on subsequent corpus luteum development and circulating progesterone concentrations in beef heifers. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 2014;26(3):367–74. doi.org: 10.1071/RD12353

Sánchez JM, Randi F, Passaro C, et al. Effect of human chorionic gonadotrophin administration 2 days after insemination on progesterone concentration and pregnancy per artificial insemination in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2018;101(7):6556–67. doi.org: 10.3168/jds.2017-14058

López-Gatius F, Saleri R, De Rensis F, et al. Transfer of a single fresh in vitro-produced embryo may prevent twin pregnancy without compromising the fertility of the cow. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2022;57(4):450–5. doi.org: 10.1111/rda.14079

Block J, Drost M, Monson RL, et al. Use of insulin-like growth factor-I during embryo culture and treatment of recipients with gonadotropin-releasing hormone to increase pregnancy rates following the transfer of in vitro-produced embryos to heat-stressed, lactating cows. Journal of Animal Science. 2003;81(6):1590-602. doi.org: 10.2527/2003.8161590x.

Kim S-S, Ryoo Z-Y, Park Y-S. Effect of estrus synchronization protocols and gonadotropin releasing hormone treatments on the pregnancy and fetal loss rate after transfer of korean native cattle embryos to Holstein. Journal of Embryo Transfer. 2008;23(2):109–14.

Besbaci M, Abdelli A, Belabdi I, et al. Theriogenology Non-steroidal anti-in fl ammatory drugs at embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in cows : A meta-analysis. Theriogenology. 2021;171:64–71. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.010

Alkan H, Erdem H. Reproductive use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs in cows. Ataturk Universitesi Veteriner Bilim Dergisi. 2018;13(1):112-20. doi.org: 10.17094/ataunivbd.289219.

Kasimanickam RK, Hall JB, Estill CT, et al.. Flunixin meglumine improves pregnancy rate in embryo recipient beef cows with an excitable temperament. Theriogenology. 2018;107:70–7. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.10.043.

Ciornei ŞG. Embryo transfer. In: Bozkurt Y, Bucak MN (eds.) Animal Reproduction. 1st ed. London: InTechOpen; 2022. p. 1-22.

Callesen H, Bøgh IB, Greve T. Embryo transfer and other assisted reproductive technologies. In: Noakes DE, Parkinson TJ, England GCW (eds.) Veterinary Reproduction & Obstetrics. 10th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2019. p. 778–805.

Kaymaz M. Yardımcı üreme teknolojileri (Reprodüktif biyoteknoloji). In: Kaymaz M, Fındık M, Rişvanlı A, Köker A (eds.) Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji. 2nd ed. Malatya: Medipres Yayıncılık; 2018. p. 693–811.

Abd El-Aziz AH, Mahrous UE, Kamel SZ, et al. Factors influencing in vitro production of bovine embryos: A review. Asian Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances. 2016:11; 737–56. doi.org:10.3923/ajava.2016.737.756

Hasler JF. Forty years of embryo transfer in cattle: A review focusing on the journal Theriogenology, the growth of the industry in North America, and personal reminisces. Theriogenology. 2014;81(1):152–69. doi.org:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.09.010

Alkan H. Embriyo transferinin hastalıkların kontrolünde rolü. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda embriyo transferi ve diğer yardımcı üreme teknolojilerinin kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 83–8.

Sağırkaya H. Dünya ve Türkiye’de embriyo üretimi ve transferinin dünü, bugünü ve geleceği. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda embriyo transferi ve diğer yardımcı üreme teknolojilerinin kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 1–7.

Viana JM. 2021 Statistics of embryo production and transfer in domestic farm animals. Embryo Technology Newsletter 2022;40(4):22–40.

Jelani G, Kalwar Q, Kaka A, et al. Historical background and significance of embryo transfer technology in cattle with its relevant applications. Pakistan Journal of Zoology. 2023;55(2):959–73. doi.org: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20220403060427

Hasler JF. In-vitro production of cattle embryos: Problems with pregnancies and parturition. Human Reproduction. 2000;15(Sup 5):47–58. doi.org: 0.1093/humrep/15.suppl_5.47.

Machaty Z, Peippo J, Peter A. Production and manipulation of bovine embryos: Techniques and terminology. Theriogenology. 2012;78(5):937–50. doi.org:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.04.003

Hansen PJ. The incompletely fulfilled promise of embryo transfer in cattle-why aren’t pregnancy rates greater and what can we do about it? Journal of Animal Science. 2020;98(11):skaa288. doi.org:10.1093/jas/skaa288

Hasler JF. Factors affecting frozen and fresh embryo transfer pregnancy rates in cattle. Theriogenology. 2001;56(9):1401–15.

Ferré LB, Kjelland ME, Strøbech LB, et al. Review:Recent advances in bovine in vitro embryo production:reproductive biotechnology history and methods. Animal. 2020;14(5):991–1004. doi.org: doi:10.1017/S1751731119002775.

Telfer EE, Sakaguchi K, Clarkson YL, et al. In vitro growth of immature bovine follicles and oocytes. Reproduction, Fertility and Development. 2019;32(2):1–6. doi.org: 10.1071/RD19270

Camargo LSA, Viana JHM, Sá WF, et al. Factors influencing in vitro embryo production. Animal Reproduction. 2006;3(1):19–28.

Rizos D, Clemente M, Bermejo-Alvarez P, et al. Consequences of in vitro culture conditions on embryo development and quality. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2008;43(Sup 4):44–50. doi.org: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2008.01230.x

Absalón-Medina VA, Butler WR, Gilbert RO. Preimplantation embryo metabolism and culture systems: Experience from domestic animals and clinical implications. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics. 2014;31(4):393–409. doi.org:10.1007/s10815-014-0179-2

Phillips PE, Jahnke MM. Embryo Transfer (Techniques, Donors, and Recipients). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2016;32(2):365-85. doi.org:10.1016/j.cvfa.2016.01.008

Kocyigit A. A review of ın vitro culture systems in bovine reproductive biotechnologies. Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Husbandry. 2016;1(1):3400102.

Luo D, Zhang JB, Liu W, et al. Leonurine improves in vitro porcine embryo development competence by reducing reactive oxygen species production and protecting mitochondrial function. Theriogenology. 2020;156:116–23. doi.org:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.06.038

Mapletoft RJ. History and perspectives on bovine embryo transfer. Animal Reproduction. 2013;10(3):168–73.

Patel D, Haque N, Patel G, et al. Implication of embryo transfer technology in livestock productivity. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Science. 2018;7(1):1498–510.

Mebratu B, Fesseha H, Goa E. Embryo transfer in cattle production and ıts principle and applications. International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Research. 2020;7(1):40–54.

Menta YD. Review on embryo transfer in cattle and its application. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences. 2023;10(4):71–87. doi.org:10.22192/ijarbs.2021.08.06.001

Siedel, G.E., Siedel SM. Training manual for embryo transfer in cattle. FAO Animal Production and Health; 1991. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/004/T0117E/T0117E00.htm

Nak Y. Sığırlarda embriyo transferinde donör ve taşıyıcı hayvanların seçimi. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 8–13.

Sevgi R, Erdem H, Karaşahin T, et al. Determination of the relationship between serum anti‐Müllerian hormone level and superovulatory response in Simmental cows. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2019;54(10):1322-1329. doi.org: 10.1111/rda.13506

Satılmış F. Sığırlarda embriyo transferinde donör seçiminde hormonal yöntemler. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 14–9.

Fufa N, Abera D, Kabeta T. Review on bovine embryo transfer. Eur European Journal of Biological Sciences. 2016;8(3):79–84.

Polat B, Çolak A, Okur DT. Sığırlarda embriyo üretiminde süperovulasyon protokolleri ve süperovulasyon cevabına etki eden faktörler. In: Erdem H (ed.) Hayvanlarda Embriyo Transferi ve Diğer Yardımcı Üreme Teknolojilerinin Kullanımı. 1st ed. Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri; 2021. p. 20–5.

Kimura K, Hirako M, Iwata H, et al. Successful superovulation of cattle by a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel. Theriogenology. 2007;68(4):633–9. doi.org: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2007.02.016.

Kimura K. Superovulation with a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel: A novel superovulation method for cattle. Journal of Reproduction and Development. 2016;62(5):423–9. doi.org: 10.1262/jrd.2016-066

Çizmeci S, Dinç A, Güler M, et al. Effects of FSH administered in different ways on superovulation response and blood FSH levels in cows. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society. 2023;73(4):4739–46.

Bo GA, Mapletoft RJ. Embryo Transfer Technology in Cattle. In: Niemann H, Wrenzycki C (eds.) Animal Biotechnology 1: Reproductive Biotechnologies. 1st ed. Springer; 2018. p. 107–33.

Karasahin T, Alkan H, Satilmis F, et al. Effect of flunixin meglumine treatment during and after embryo transfer on the pregnancy rate in cattle. Reproduction in Domestic Animals. 2021;56(12):1555–61. doi.org: 10.1111/rda.14019.

Çiftçi M. Ovum Pick Up (OPU) by transvagınal ultrasonography ın cattle. In: Abbas RZ, Khan A, Liu P, Saleemi MK (eds.) Animal Health Perspectives. 1st ed. Faisalabad: Unique Scientific Publishers; 2022. p. 180–6.

Galli C, Moor RM. Gonadotrophin requirements for the in vitro maturation of sheep oocytes and their subsequent embryonic development. Theriogenology. 1991;35(6):1083–93. doi.org: 10.1016/0093-691X(91)90356-I

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