Bilimin Ötesinde Bir Tarım Anlayışı Biyodinamik Tarım

Ergene A. Toprak Biliminin Esasları. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yayın No: 267. Ders Kitapları Serisi No: 42, 560s, Erzurum; 1993.

Chowdhury S, Chakraborty A, Banerjee R, et al. Biodynamic farming-a step towards sustainability. 2020; ISSN: 2456-2904, 1-4.

Heitkamp F., Raupp J, Ludwig B. Soil organic matter pools and crop yields as affected by the rate of farmyard manure and use of biodynamic preparations in a sandy soil. Organic Agriculture. 2011;1(2): 111-124.

Shankaraswamy J, Mantena SV, Arakeri KB. Bio dynamic farming: a future agriculture farming. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research. 2017; 6 (2): 49-50.

Ponzio C, Gangatharan R, Neri D. The potential and limitations of farmer participatory research in organic agriculture: a review. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2013;8(32): 4285-4292.

Haktanır K. Çevresel değişimlerde tarımın etkileri ve yönetim arayışları. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2009;1(1): 1-6.

Paull J. Biodynamic agriculture: The journey from Koberwitz to the world, 1924-1938. Journal of Organic Systems. 2011; 6(1): 27-41.

Chhabra E. Biodynamic farming is on the rise–but how effective is this alternative agricultural practice. The Guardian. [Online] https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/mar/05/biodynamic-farming-agriculture-organic-food-production-environment. (Accessed: 7th April 2022); 2017.

Paull J. Attending the first organic agriculture course: Rudolf Steiner’s Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924. European Journal of Social Sciences. 2011; 21(1): 64-70.

Sharma SK, Laddha KC, Sharma RK, et al. Application of biodynamic preparations and organic manures for organic production of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). International Journal of Seed Spices. 2012; 2(01): 7-11.

Raupp J, König UJ. Biodynamic preparations cause opposite yield effects depending upon yield levels. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 1996;13(2): 175-188.

Carpenter-Boggs L, Reganold J P, Kennedy AC. Effects of biodynamic preparations on compost development. Biological agriculture & horticulture. 2000;17(4): 313-328.

Bacchus GL. An evaluation of the influence of biodynamic practices including foliar-applied silica spray on nutrient quality of organic and conventionally fertilised lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Organic Systems. 2010;5(1): 4-13.

Turinek M, Grobelnik-Mlakar S, Bavec M, Bavec F. Biodynamic agriculture research progress and priorities. Renewable agriculture and food systems. 2009; 24(2): 146-154.

Pathak RK, Ram RA. Bio-enhancers: A potential tool to improve soil fertility, plant health in organic production of horticultural crops. Progressive Horticulture. 2013;45(2): 237-254.

Jayasree P, George A. Do biodynamic practices influence yield, quality, and economics of cultivation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)?. Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 2007;44: 68-70.

Goldstein WA. Alternative crops, rotations, and management systems for the Palouse. Ph.D. Thesis, Washington State University Dept. of Agronomy and Soils; 1986.

Vogt G. Lockeretz W (ed.). Chapter 1: The Origins of OrganicFarming. Organic Farming: An International History. CABI Publishing. p. 9-30; 2007.

Demeter (Demeter International, 2022). Biodynamics. [Online] https://demeter.net/biodynamics/ (Erişim tarihi: 05.04.2022)

Lotter DW. Organic agriculture. Journal of sustainable agriculture. 2003; 21(4): 59-128.

Knierim U, Irrgang N, Roth BA. To be or not to be horned—Consequences in cattle. Livestock Science. 2015;179: 29-37.

Bloksma JR, Struik PC. Coaching the process of designing a farm: using the healthy human as a metaphor for farm health. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 2007;54(4): 413-429.

Paull J, Hennig B. A world map of biodynamic agriculture. Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal. 2020;6(2): 114-119.

Aschemann J, Hamm U, Naspetti S, et al. The organic market. Organic farming: An international history. 2007; 123-151.

Çiftçioğlu S. Biyodinamik Tarım Preparatları Nelerdir? En Etkili 9 Preparat. [Online] https://huglero.com/biyodinamik-tarim-preparatlari-nelerdir/ (Accessed: 01th March 2022); 2020.

Anonymous. Biodynamic Methods. [Online] https://www.biodynamic.org.uk/discover/biodynamic-methods/ (Accessed:04th Mach 2022); 2022.

Kirchmann H, Thorvaldsson G, Bergstrom L, et al. Fundamentals of organic agriculture. In Kirchmann, H; Bergström, L (eds.). Organic Crop Production--Ambitions and Limitations. Springer, Dordrecht. p. 13-37; 2008.

Proctor P. Grasp the Nettle: Making Biodynamic Farming & Gardening Work. Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited; 2012.

Anonymous 2016. Yarrow [BD 502] Energizing the Orchard Ecosystem Utilizing Biodynamic Plants and Herbs. Ecosystem Insights Organic, Holistic, and Biodynamic Orcharding (7 June 2016). [Online] https://us12.campaign-archive.com/?u=3ed5e99bfabdee6bf79166501&id=a9f3f8eac7 (Accessed: 21th February 2022).

Anonymous. The compost preparations. [Online] https://www.biodynamic.org.uk/the-compost-preparations/ (Accessed: 04th March 2022).

Koepf HH, Pettersson BD, Schaumann W. Bio-Dynamic Agriculture. New York: Anthroposophie Press; 1976.

Koepf HH. The biodynamic farm. Anthroposophic. Hudson; 1989.

Kjellenberg L, Granstedt A. Influences of biodynamic and conventional farming systems on quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops: Results from multivariate analyses of two long-term field trials in Sweden. Foods. 2015;4(3): 440-462.

Raupp J, Oltmanns M. Soil properties, crop yield and quality with farmyard manure with and without biodynamic preparations and with inorganic fertilizers. Long-term field experiments in organic farming. 2006; 135-155.

Fließbach A, Oberholzer HR, Gunst L, et al. Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2007;118(1-4): 273-284.

Spiess H. Konventionelle und biologisch-dynamische verfahren zur steigerung der bodenfruchtbarkeit. Ph.D. Dissertation, Institute for Plant Production and Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; 1978.

Bachinger J. The effects of different types of fertilization (mineral, organic, biodynamic) on the temporal dynamics and spacial distribution of chemical and microbiological parameters of C and N dynamics in the soil and also of crop and root growth of winter rye. Institute for Biodynamic Research, Research Report Volume 7, Darmstadt, Germany pp. 166; 1996.

Stearn WC. Effectiveness of two bio-dynamic preparations on higher plants and possible mechanisms for the observed response (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).

Goldstein W, Koepf HH. A Contribution to the Development of Tests for the Bio-Dynamic Preparations. Elemente der Naturwissenschaft. 1982; 36, 41-53.

Fritz J and Koepke U. Effects of light, manuring and biodynamic horn silica applications by dwarf beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. nanus) on germination characteristics of the newly formed seeds. (in German). Pflanzenbauwissenschaften. 2005; 9(2), 55–60.

Goldstein WA. A report on previous work done with biodynamic preparations. Biodynamics. 1979;129: 1- 10

Fritz J, Athmann M, Kautz T, Köpke U. Grouping and classification of wheat from organic and conventional production systems by combining three image forming methods. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 2011;27(3-4): 320-336.

Berner A, Hildermann I, Fliessbach A, et al. Crop yield and soil fertility response to reduced tillage under organic management. Soil and Tillage Research. 2008;101(1-2): 89-96.

Goldstein WA, Koepf HH, Koopmans CJ. Biodynamic preparations, greater root growth and health, stress resistance, and soil organic matter increases are linked. Open Agriculture. 2019;4(1): 187-202.

Tung LD, Fernandez PG. Yield and seed quality of modern and traditional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under organic, biodynamic and chemical production practices in the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Omonrice. 2007; 15; 75-85.

Valdez RE, Fernandez PG. Productivity and seed quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars grown under synthetic, organic fertilizer and biodynamic farming practices. Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 2008;33(1): 37-58.

Trivedi A, Sharma SK, Hussain T, et al. Application of biodynamic preparation, bio-control agent and botanicals for organic management of virus and leaf spots of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Academia J. Agric. Res. 2013;1: 60-64.

Juknevičienė E. The effect of biodynamic preparations on the properties of soil, yield of great pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) fruits and their quality. PhD Thesis, Aleksandras Stulginskis University Lithuania, Kaunas, Lithuania; 2015.

Vaitkevičienė N, Jariene E, Danilcenko, et al. Effect of biodynamic preparations on the content of some mineral elements and starch in tubers of three coloured potato cultivars. Journal of Elementology. 2016; 21(3).

Giannattasio M, Vendramin E, Fornasier et al. Microbiological features and bioactivity of a fermented manure product (preparation 500) used in biodynamic agriculture. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013;23(5): 644-651.

Radha TK, Rao DLN. Plant growth promoting bacteria from cow dung based biodynamic preparations. Indian journal of microbiology. 2014;54(4): 413-418.

Zaller JG. Seed germination of the weed Rumex obtusifolius after on‐farm conventional, biodynamic and vermicomposting of cattle manure. Annals of Applied Biology. 2007; 151(2), 245-249.

Gardner M. Biodynamic Research Bulletin: Planting Times for Trees and Perennials (No. Revised April 19, 2020). [Online] https://www.biodynamics.com/sites/default/files/Biodynamic%20Research%20Bulletin%20on%20Tree%20Planting.pdf (Accessed: 04th March 2022)

Lehman RM, Cambardella CA, Stott, et al. Understanding and enhancing soil biological health: the solution for reversing soil degradation. Sustainability. 2015;7(1): 988-1027

Fageria N K (2012). Role of soil organic matter in maintaining sustainability of cropping systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43(16), 2063-2113.

Brock C, Geier U, Greiner R, et al. Research in biodynamic food and farming–a review. Open Agriculture. 2019;4(1): 743-757.

Burns MA, Barnard HR, Gabor RS, et al. Dissolved organic matter transport reflects hillslope to stream connectivity during snowmelt in a montane catchment. Water Resources Research. 2016;52(6): 4905-4923.

Birkhofer K. Organic farming and generalist predator communities: Implications for conservation biological control in agroecosystem. Doctoral dissertation, Technical University, Darmstadt; 2007.

Heger TJ, Straub F, Mitchell EA. Impact of farming practices on soil diatoms and testate amoebae: A pilot study in the DOK-trial at Therwil, Switzerland. European Journal of Soil Biology. 2012;49: 31-36.

Faust S, Heinze S, Ngosong C, et al. Effect of biodynamic soil amendments on microbial communities in comparison with inorganic fertilization. Applied Soil Ecology. 2017;114: 82-89.

Joergensen RG, Mäder P, Fließbach A. Long-term effects of organic farming on fungal and bacterial residues in relation to microbial energy metabolism. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 2009:46(3): 303-307.

Sradnick A, Oltmanns M, Raupp J, et al. Microbial biomass and activity down the soil profile after long-term addition of farmyard manure to a sandy soil. Organic agriculture. 2018;8(1): 29-38.

Skinner C, Gattinger A, Krauss M, et al. The impact of long-term organic farming on soil-derived greenhouse gas emissions. Scientific reports. 2019;9(1): 1-10.

Goetzke B, Nitzko S, Spiller A. Consumption of organic and functional food. A matter of well-being and health?. Appetite. 2014;77: 96-105.

Geier U, Büssing A, Kruse P, et al. Development and application of a test for food-induced emotions. PloS one. 2016;11(11): e0165991.

Lyons KM. Soil science, development, and the “elusive nature” of Colombia's Amazonian Plains. The Journal of Latin American and Caribbean Anthropology. 2014;19(2): 212-236.

Jakop M, Grobelnik Mlakar S, et al. Yield performance and agronomic efficiency in oil pumpkins (Cucurbita pepo L. group Pepo) depending on production systems and varieties. Agricultura. 2017;14(1/2): 25-36.

Maneva V, Atanasova D, Nedelcheva T. Phytosanitary status and yield of kamut (Triticum turgidum polonicum L.) grown in organic and biodynamic farming. Agricultural Science and Technology. 2017;9(1): 42-44.

Dudaš S, Poljuha D, Šola I, et al. Effects of biodynamic production on growth and essential oil content in basil. Acta Botanica Croatica. 2016; 75(2): 260-265.

Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, et al. Chemical pesticides and human health: the urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Front. Public Health. 2016; 4: 148.

Mie A, Andersen HR, Gunnarsson S, et al. Human health implications of organic food and organic agriculture: a compre-hensive review. Environ. Health. 2017; 16(1): 111.

Maggio A, Carillo P, Bulmetti, et al. Potato yield and metabolic profiling under conventional and organic farming. Europ. J. Agr. 2008; 28: 343-350.

Gilsenan C, Burke R, Barry-Ryan C. A study of the physicochemical and sensory properties of organic and conventional potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) before and after baking. Int. J. Food Sci. Tech. 2010; 45: 475-481.

Burkitt LL, Small DR, Mcdonald JW, et al. Comparing irrigated biodynamic and conventionally managed dairy farms. 1. Soil and pasture properties. Aust. J. Exp. Agric. 2007; 47: 479-488.

Turinek M, Grobelnik-Mlakar S, Bavec M, et al. Biodynamic agriculture from past to present. Agricultura. 2008; 6: 1-4.

Vaitkevičienė N, Jarienė E, Ingold R, et al. Effect of biodynamic preparations on the soil biological and agrochemical properties and coloured potato tubers quality. Open Agriculture. 2019;4(1): 17-23.

Goldstein W, Barber W, Carpenter-Boggs L, et al. Comparisons of conventional, organic and biodynamic methods. Michael Fields Agricultural Institute. [Online] https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/4080031/comparisons-of-conventional-organic-and-biodynamic-methods (Accessed 30th March 2022); 2004.

Heimler D, Vignolini P, Arfaioli P, et al. Conventional, organic and biodynamic farming: differences in polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of Batavia lettuce. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2011; 92(3): 551-556.

Heimler D, Isolani L, Vignolini P, et al. Polyphenol content and antiradical activity of Cichorium intybus L. from biodynamic and conventional farming. Food Chemistry. 2009;114(3): 765-770.

Bavec M, Turınek M, Grobelnık-Mlakar S, et al. Influence of Industrial and Alternative Farming Systemson Contents of Sugars, Organic Acids, Total PhenolicContent, and the Antioxidant Activity of Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L. ssp. vulgaris Rote Kugel). J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010; 58: 11825-11831.

Jariene E, Vaitkeviciene N, Danilcenko H, et al. Influence of biodynamic preparations on the quality indices and antioxidant compounds content in the tubers of coloured potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca. 2015;43(2): 392-397.

Jarienė E, Vaitkevičienė N, Danilčenko H, et al. Effect of biodynamic preparations on the phenolic antioxidants in potatoes with coloured-flesh. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 2017; 33(3): 172-182.

D’Evoli L, Tarozzi A, Hrelia P, et al. Influence of Cultivation System on Bioactive Molecules Synthesis in Strawberries: Spin-off on Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activity. J. Food Sci., 2010: 75, 94-99.

Maciel, LF, da Silva Oliveira, C, da Silva Bispo, E, et al. Antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds and flavonoids of mangoes coming from biodynamic, organic and conventional cultivations in three maturation stages. British Food Journal. 2011; 113(8-9); 1103-1113.

Bavec M, Turinek M, Grobelnik Mlakar S, et al. Some internal quality properties of white cabbage from different farming systems. In XXVIII International Horticultural Congress on Science and Horticulture for People (IHC2010): International Symposium on 933. pp. 577-583; 2010.

Lucarini M, D'Evoli L, Tufi S, et al. Influence of growing system on nitrate accumulation in two varieties of lettuce and red radicchio of Treviso. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 2012;92(14): 2796-2799.

D’Evoli L, Lucarini M, Sánchez del Pulgar J, et al. Phenolic Acids Content and Nutritional Quality of Conventional, Organic and Biodynamic Cultivations of the Tomato CXD271BIO Breeding Line (Solanum Lycopersicum L.). Food and Nutrition Sciences. 2016; 7: 1112-21.

Masi E., Taiti C., Vignolini P., et al. Polyphenols and aromatic volatile compounds in biodynamic and conventional ‘Golden Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Bork.). European Food Research and Technology. 2017; 243(9): 1519-1531.

Langenkamper G, Zorb C, Seifert, et al. Nutritional quality of organic and conventional wheat. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality. 2006; 80(2): 150.

Rangel CN, Carvalho LMJD, Fonseca, RBF, et al. Nutritional value of organic acid lime juice (Citrus latifolia T.), cv. Tahiti. Food Science and Technology. 2011;31: 918-922.

Turinek M, Turinek M, Grobelnik Mlakar S, et al. Ecological efficiency of production and the ecological footprint of organic agriculture. Revija za geografijo. 2010;5(2): 129-139.

Pechrová M, Vlašicová E. Technical efficiency of organic and biodynamic farms in the Czech Republic. Agris on-line Papers in Economics and Informatics. 2013;5(665-2016-44977): 143-152.

Pergola M, Persiani A, Pastore V, et al. A comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of three apricot orchard systems located in Metapontino area (Southern Italy). Journal of Cleaner Production. 2017;142: 4059-4071.

Villanueva-Rey P, Vázquez-Rowe I, Moreira M T, et al. Comparative life cycle assessment in the wine sector: biodynamic vs. conventional viticulture activities in NW Spain. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2014;65: 330-341.

Ergene A. Toprak Biliminin Esasları. Atatürk Üniv. Ziraat Fak. Yayın No: 267. Ders Kitapları Serisi No: 42, 560s, Erzurum; 1993.

Chowdhury S, Chakraborty A, Banerjee R, et al. Biodynamic farming-a step towards sustainability. 2020; ISSN: 2456-2904, 1-4.

Heitkamp F., Raupp J, Ludwig B. Soil organic matter pools and crop yields as affected by the rate of farmyard manure and use of biodynamic preparations in a sandy soil. Organic Agriculture. 2011;1(2): 111-124.

Shankaraswamy J, Mantena SV, Arakeri KB. Bio dynamic farming: a future agriculture farming. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research. 2017; 6 (2): 49-50.

Ponzio C, Gangatharan R, Neri D. The potential and limitations of farmer participatory research in organic agriculture: a review. African Journal of Agricultural Research. 2013;8(32): 4285-4292.

Haktanır K. Çevresel değişimlerde tarımın etkileri ve yönetim arayışları. Ankara Üniversitesi Çevrebilimleri Dergisi. 2009;1(1): 1-6.

Paull J. Biodynamic agriculture: The journey from Koberwitz to the world, 1924-1938. Journal of Organic Systems. 2011; 6(1): 27-41.

Chhabra E. Biodynamic farming is on the rise–but how effective is this alternative agricultural practice. The Guardian. [Online] https://www.theguardian.com/sustainable-business/2017/mar/05/biodynamic-farming-agriculture-organic-food-production-environment. (Accessed: 7th April 2022); 2017.

Paull J. Attending the first organic agriculture course: Rudolf Steiner’s Agriculture Course at Koberwitz, 1924. European Journal of Social Sciences. 2011; 21(1): 64-70.

Sharma SK, Laddha KC, Sharma RK, et al. Application of biodynamic preparations and organic manures for organic production of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.). International Journal of Seed Spices. 2012; 2(01): 7-11.

Raupp J, König UJ. Biodynamic preparations cause opposite yield effects depending upon yield levels. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 1996;13(2): 175-188.

Carpenter-Boggs L, Reganold J P, Kennedy AC. Effects of biodynamic preparations on compost development. Biological agriculture & horticulture. 2000;17(4): 313-328.

Bacchus GL. An evaluation of the influence of biodynamic practices including foliar-applied silica spray on nutrient quality of organic and conventionally fertilised lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Journal of Organic Systems. 2010;5(1): 4-13.

Turinek M, Grobelnik-Mlakar S, Bavec M, Bavec F. Biodynamic agriculture research progress and priorities. Renewable agriculture and food systems. 2009; 24(2): 146-154.

Pathak RK, Ram RA. Bio-enhancers: A potential tool to improve soil fertility, plant health in organic production of horticultural crops. Progressive Horticulture. 2013;45(2): 237-254.

Jayasree P, George A. Do biodynamic practices influence yield, quality, and economics of cultivation of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.)?. Journal of Tropical Agriculture. 2007;44: 68-70.

Goldstein WA. Alternative crops, rotations, and management systems for the Palouse. Ph.D. Thesis, Washington State University Dept. of Agronomy and Soils; 1986.

Vogt G. Lockeretz W (ed.). Chapter 1: The Origins of OrganicFarming. Organic Farming: An International History. CABI Publishing. p. 9-30; 2007.

Demeter (Demeter International, 2022). Biodynamics. [Online] https://demeter.net/biodynamics/ (Erişim tarihi: 05.04.2022)

Lotter DW. Organic agriculture. Journal of sustainable agriculture. 2003; 21(4): 59-128.

Knierim U, Irrgang N, Roth BA. To be or not to be horned—Consequences in cattle. Livestock Science. 2015;179: 29-37.

Bloksma JR, Struik PC. Coaching the process of designing a farm: using the healthy human as a metaphor for farm health. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences. 2007;54(4): 413-429.

Paull J, Hennig B. A world map of biodynamic agriculture. Agricultural and Biological Sciences Journal. 2020;6(2): 114-119.

Aschemann J, Hamm U, Naspetti S, et al. The organic market. Organic farming: An international history. 2007; 123-151.

Çiftçioğlu S. Biyodinamik Tarım Preparatları Nelerdir? En Etkili 9 Preparat. [Online] https://huglero.com/biyodinamik-tarim-preparatlari-nelerdir/ (Accessed: 01th March 2022); 2020.

Anonymous. Biodynamic Methods. [Online] https://www.biodynamic.org.uk/discover/biodynamic-methods/ (Accessed:04th Mach 2022); 2022.

Kirchmann H, Thorvaldsson G, Bergstrom L, et al. Fundamentals of organic agriculture. In Kirchmann, H; Bergström, L (eds.). Organic Crop Production--Ambitions and Limitations. Springer, Dordrecht. p. 13-37; 2008.

Proctor P. Grasp the Nettle: Making Biodynamic Farming & Gardening Work. Penguin Random House New Zealand Limited; 2012.

Anonymous 2016. Yarrow [BD 502] Energizing the Orchard Ecosystem Utilizing Biodynamic Plants and Herbs. Ecosystem Insights Organic, Holistic, and Biodynamic Orcharding (7 June 2016). [Online] https://us12.campaign-archive.com/?u=3ed5e99bfabdee6bf79166501&id=a9f3f8eac7 (Accessed: 21th February 2022).

Anonymous. The compost preparations. [Online] https://www.biodynamic.org.uk/the-compost-preparations/ (Accessed: 04th March 2022).

Koepf HH, Pettersson BD, Schaumann W. Bio-Dynamic Agriculture. New York: Anthroposophie Press; 1976.

Koepf HH. The biodynamic farm. Anthroposophic. Hudson; 1989.

Kjellenberg L, Granstedt A. Influences of biodynamic and conventional farming systems on quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crops: Results from multivariate analyses of two long-term field trials in Sweden. Foods. 2015;4(3): 440-462.

Raupp J, Oltmanns M. Soil properties, crop yield and quality with farmyard manure with and without biodynamic preparations and with inorganic fertilizers. Long-term field experiments in organic farming. 2006; 135-155.

Fließbach A, Oberholzer HR, Gunst L, et al. Soil organic matter and biological soil quality indicators after 21 years of organic and conventional farming. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2007;118(1-4): 273-284.

Spiess H. Konventionelle und biologisch-dynamische verfahren zur steigerung der bodenfruchtbarkeit. Ph.D. Dissertation, Institute for Plant Production and Breeding, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany; 1978.

Bachinger J. The effects of different types of fertilization (mineral, organic, biodynamic) on the temporal dynamics and spacial distribution of chemical and microbiological parameters of C and N dynamics in the soil and also of crop and root growth of winter rye. Institute for Biodynamic Research, Research Report Volume 7, Darmstadt, Germany pp. 166; 1996.

Stearn WC. Effectiveness of two bio-dynamic preparations on higher plants and possible mechanisms for the observed response (Doctoral dissertation, The Ohio State University).

Goldstein W, Koepf HH. A Contribution to the Development of Tests for the Bio-Dynamic Preparations. Elemente der Naturwissenschaft. 1982; 36, 41-53.

Fritz J and Koepke U. Effects of light, manuring and biodynamic horn silica applications by dwarf beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. var. nanus) on germination characteristics of the newly formed seeds. (in German). Pflanzenbauwissenschaften. 2005; 9(2), 55–60.

Goldstein WA. A report on previous work done with biodynamic preparations. Biodynamics. 1979;129: 1- 10

Fritz J, Athmann M, Kautz T, Köpke U. Grouping and classification of wheat from organic and conventional production systems by combining three image forming methods. Biological Agriculture & Horticulture. 2011;27(3-4): 320-336.

Berner A, Hildermann I, Fliessbach A, et al. Crop yield and soil fertility response to reduced tillage under organic management. Soil and Tillage Research. 2008;101(1-2): 89-96.

Goldstein WA, Koepf HH, Koopmans CJ. Biodynamic preparations, greater root growth and health, stress resistance, and soil organic matter increases are linked. Open Agriculture. 2019;4(1): 187-202.

Tung LD, Fernandez PG. Yield and seed quality of modern and traditional soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] under organic, biodynamic and chemical production practices in the Mekong delta of Vietnam. Omonrice. 2007; 15; 75-85.

Valdez RE, Fernandez PG. Productivity and seed quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars grown under synthetic, organic fertilizer and biodynamic farming practices. Philippine Journal of Crop Science. 2008;33(1): 37-58.

Trivedi A, Sharma SK, Hussain T, et al. Application of biodynamic preparation, bio-control agent and botanicals for organic management of virus and leaf spots of blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]. Academia J. Agric. Res. 2013;1: 60-64.

Juknevičienė E. The effect of biodynamic preparations on the properties of soil, yield of great pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.) fruits and their quality. PhD Thesis, Aleksandras Stulginskis University Lithuania, Kaunas, Lithuania; 2015.

Vaitkevičienė N, Jariene E, Danilcenko, et al. Effect of biodynamic preparations on the content of some mineral elements and starch in tubers of three coloured potato cultivars. Journal of Elementology. 2016; 21(3).

Giannattasio M, Vendramin E, Fornasier et al. Microbiological features and bioactivity of a fermented manure product (preparation 500) used in biodynamic agriculture. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2013;23(5): 644-651.

Radha TK, Rao DLN. Plant growth promoting bacteria from cow dung based biodynamic preparations. Indian journal of microbiology. 2014;54(4): 413-418.

Zaller JG. Seed germination of the weed Rumex obtusifolius after on‐farm conventional, biodynamic and vermicomposting of cattle manure. Annals of Applied Biology. 2007; 151(2), 245-249.

Gardner M. Biodynamic Research Bulletin: Planting Times for Trees and Perennials (No. Revised April 19, 2020). [Online] https://www.biodynamics.com/sites/default/files/Biodynamic%20Research%20Bulletin%20on%20Tree%20Planting.pdf (Accessed: 04th March 2022)

Lehman RM, Cambardella CA, Stott, et al. Understanding and enhancing soil biological health: the solution for reversing soil degradation. Sustainability. 2015;7(1): 988-1027

Fageria N K (2012). Role of soil organic matter in maintaining sustainability of cropping systems. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43(16), 2063-2113.

Brock C, Geier U, Greiner R, et al. Research in biodynamic food and farming–a review. Open Agriculture. 2019;4(1): 743-757.

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