Nanopartiküllerin Tıbbi Mikrobiyolojide Kullanımı

Özet

Tıbbi mikrobiyoloji, mikrobiyolojinin mikroorganizmaları ve bunların insan sağlığı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeye odaklanan ve tıp alanındaki uygulamalarını içeren daldır. Özellikle enfeksiyon hastalıkların önlenmesi, teşhisi ve tedavisi konuları üzerine odaklanmaktadır. İnsan sağlığını tehdit edip hastalığa sebep olan ve tıbbi mikrobiyolojinin alanına giren mikroorganizmalar; bakteriler, mantarlar ve virüslerin neden olduğu bulaşıcı hastalıklar dünya çapında ölümlerin önde gelen nedenidir ve sağlık hizmetleri ve sosyoekonomik kalkınma üzerinde küresel etki yapmaktadır. Bu nedenle yeni tanı ve tedavi stratejilerinin geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir.  Son yıllarda nanoteknolojideki gelişmeler ışığında nanoyapıların mikroorganizmalarla etkileşimi tıbbi mikrobiyolojide nanopartikül kullanımı oldukça yaygınlaşmış ve hem teşhis hem de tedavi uygulamalarında avantajlar sunarak biyomedikal alanda hızla devrim yaratmıştır. Tıbbi mikrobiyolojide nanopartiküllerin tanı amacıyla kullanımında çeşitli cihazsal yöntemler kullanılarak da desteklenmesi gerekmektedir. Günümüzde kullanılan nanopartikül tabanlı; antijen tespiti, PCR, immünofluoresans, elektrokimyasal sensörler, antikor ve protein tanı testleri, lateral flow testleri, yüzey kaplama ve mikrofluidik cihazlar, spektroskopik uygulamalar gibi her biri farklı amaçlar için tasarlanmış tanı aracı bulunmaktadır.  Bu bölümde nanopartiküllerin yaygın olarak görülen virüs, bakteri ve mantarlar enfeksiyonlarının tanısında kullanılması için yapılan literatüre kazandırılan yeni yaklaşımlara değinilmiştir.

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