Nanopartiküllerin Tanısal Radyolojide Kullanım Alanları
Özet
X ışının keşfinden bu yana geliştirilen tüm görüntüleme yöntemlerinde hedef hastaya zarar vermeden ya da en az zarar vererek en iyi görüntüyü elde edebilme çabası olmuştur. Her bir görüntüleme yönteminin kendine has çözünürlük kalitesi bulunmaktadır. Örneğin manyetik rezonans görüntülemede kontrast çözünürlüğü iyi iyi iken bilgisayarlı tomografide geometrik çözümleme öne çıkmaktadır. Görüntüleme yöntemlerinin doğasında bulunan bu gibi özelliklerin yanında tüm görüntüleme yöntemlerinde görüntünün kontrast çözünürlüğünü arttırmak daha önemlisi morfolojik değerlendirmenin ötesinde aynı zamanda fonksiyonel değerlendirme yapabilmek için kontrast madde kullanımına ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Son zamanlarda adından sıkça söz ettiren nanopartiküler teknoloji hemen tüm radyolojik inceleme yöntemlerinde görüntü kontrastını arttırmak için kullanılmaktadır. Bu bölümde nanopartiküler teknolojinin bazı görüntüleme yöntemlerinde kullanım alanlarına değinilecektir.
Referanslar
Minhas AS, Oliver R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Basics. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1380:47–82.
Edelman RR. The history of MR imaging as seen through the pages of radiology. Radiology. 2014;273(2 Suppl):S181-200.
Khan R. MRI Contrast agents: evolution of clinical practice and dose optimization. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;25(4):157–61.
Gulani V, Calamante F, Shellock FG, Kanal E, Reeder SB. Gadolinium deposition in the brain: summary of evidence and recommendations. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(7):564–70.
Choi JW, Moon W-J. Gadolinium deposition in the brain: current updates. Korean J Radiol. 2019;20(1):134–47.
Mathur M, Jones JR, Weinreb JC. gadolinium deposition and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a radiologist’s primer. Radiogr a Rev Publ Radiol Soc North Am Inc. 2020;40(1):153–62.
Avasthi A, Caro C, Pozo-Torres E, Leal MP, García-Martín ML. Magnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. Top Curr Chem. 2020;378(3):40.
Han X, Xu K, Taratula O, Farsad K. Applications of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging. Nanoscale. 2019;11(3):799–819.
Zhou Y, Dai Z. New strategies in the design of nanomedicines to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system and enhance cancer therapeutic efficacy. Chem Asian J. 2018;13(22):3333–40.
Wang Z, Qiao R, Tang N, Lu Z, Wang H, Zhang Z, et al. Active targeting theranostic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound ablation of lung cancer. Biomaterials. 2017;127:25–35.
Kim D, Jeong YY, Jon S. A drug-loaded aptamer-gold nanoparticle bioconjugate for combined CT imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. ACS Nano. 2010;4(7):3689–96.
Leong HS, Butler KS, Brinker CJ, Azzawi M, Conlan S, Dufés C, et al. On the issue of transparency and reproducibility in nanomedicine. Vol. 14, Nature nanotechnology. England; 2019. p. 629–35.
Ventola CL. Progress in nanomedicine: approved and ınvestigational nanodrugs. P T. 2017;42(12):742–55.
Thorek DLJ, Chen AK, Czupryna J, Tsourkas A. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle probes for molecular imaging. Ann Biomed Eng. 2006;34(1):23–38.
Estelrich J, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Busquets MA. Nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging: from simple to dual contrast agents. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:1727–41.
Maes RM, Lewin JS, Duerk JL, Misselwitz B, Kiewiet CJM, Wacker FK. A new type of susceptibility-artefact-based magnetic resonance angiography: intra-arterial injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) A Resovist® in combination with TrueFisp imaging: a feasibility study. Contrast Media Mol Imaging [Internet]. 2006;1(5):189–95.
Hamm B. Iron-oxide-enhanced MR lymphography: just a new toy or a breakthrough? European radiology. 2002;12:957–8.
Na H Bin, Song IC, Hyeon T. Inorganic nanoparticles for MRI contrast agents. Adv Mater [Internet]. 2009;21(21):2133–48.
Lu C-H, Hsiao J-K. Diagnostic and therapeutic roles of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine. Tzu chi Med J. 2023;35(1):11–7.
Gupta AK, Gupta M. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials. 2005;26(18):3995–4021.
Yang H, Zhuang Y, Sun Y, Dai A, Shi X, Wu D, et al. Targeted dual-contrast T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of tumors using multifunctional gadolinium-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2011;32(20):4584–93.
Chakraborty A, Royce SG, Selomulya C, Plebanski M. A novel approach for non-ınvasive lung ımaging and targeting lung ımmune cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5).
Wu Z, Dai L, Tang K, Ma Y, Song B, Zhang Y, et al. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for glioblastoma-targeting theranostics. Regen Biomater. 2021;8(6):rbab062.
Owens TC, Anton N, Attia MF. CT and X-ray contrast agents: Current clinical challenges and the future of contrast. Acta Biomater [Internet]. 2023;171:19–36.
Kinch MS, Woodard PK. Analysis of FDA-approved imaging agents. Drug Discov Today [Internet]. 2017;22(7):1077–83.
Röhrl L. M.; Scharf, G.; Zeman, F.; Stroszczynski, C.; Schreyer, A. G. S. D. Informed consent in contrast-enhanced CT: understanding of risks and ıdentification of possible prognostic factors TT - patientenaufklärung bei kontrastmittelgestützter CT: risikoverständnis und ıdentifikation möglicher prognosefaktoren. Rofo [Internet]. 2015;187(11):973–9.
Hsu JC, Nieves LM, Betzer O, Sadan T, Noël PB, Popovtzer R, et al. Nanoparticle contrast agents for X-ray imaging applications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2020;12(6):e1642.
Brede C, Labhasetwar V. Applications of nanoparticles in the detection and treatment of kidney diseases. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20(6):454–65.
He Z, Wan X, Schulz A, Bludau H, Dobrovolskaia MA, Stern ST, et al. A high capacity polymeric micelle of paclitaxel: Implication of high dose drug therapy to safety and in vivo anti-cancer activity. Biomaterials [Internet]. 2016;101:296–309.
Torchilin VP. PEG-based micelles as carriers of contrast agents for different imaging modalities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev [Internet]. 2002;54(2):235–52.
Naha PC, Lau KC, Hsu JC, Hajfathalian M, Mian S, Chhour P, et al. Gold silver alloy nanoparticles (GSAN): an imaging probe for breast cancer screening with dual-energy mammography or computed tomography. Nanoscale. 2016;8(28):13740–54.
Hainfeld JF, Slatkin DN, Focella TM, Smilowitz HM. Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. Br J Radiol [Internet]. 2006;79(939):248–53.
Siddique S, Chow JCL. Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy. Vol. 10, Nanomaterials. 2020.
Yang H, Zhao J, Li D, Cao Y, Li F, Ma J, et al. Application of silver nanotriangles as a novel contrast agent in tumor computed tomography imaging. Nanotechnology. 2021;32(49):495705.
Nieves LM, Mossburg K, Hsu JC, Maidment ADA, Cormode DP. Silver chalcogenide nanoparticles: a review of their biomedical applications. Nanoscale. 2021;13(46):19306–23.
Leung K. Bismuth sulphide polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles. In Bethesda (MD); 2004.
Mohammadi M, Khademi S, Choghazrdi Y, Irajirad R, Keshtkar M, Montazerabadi A. Modified bismuth nanoparticles: a new targeted nanoprobe for computed tomography ımaging of cancer. Cell J. 2022;24(9):515–21.
Salari Sedigh S, Gholipour A, Zandi M, Qubais Saeed B, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Abdullah Al-Tameemi NM, et al. The role of bismuth nanoparticles in the inhibition of bacterial infection. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023;39(7):190.
Ji C, Zhao M, Wang C, Liu R, Zhu S, Dong X, et al. Biocompatible tantalum nanoparticles as radiosensitizers for enhancing therapy efficacy in primary tumor and metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. ACS Nano. 2022;16(6):9428–41.
Ramalho J, Semelka RC, Ramalho M, Nunes RH, AlObaidy M, Castillo M. Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: an update. Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37(7):1192–8.
Nieves LM, Dong YC, Rosario-Berríos DN, Mossburg K, Hsu JC, Cramer GM, et al. Renally excretable silver telluride nanoparticles as contrast agents for X-ray imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022;14(30):34354–64.
Cole LE, Ross RD, Tilley JMR, Vargo-Gogola T, Roeder RK. Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents in x-ray imaging and computed tomography. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(2):321–41.
Wallyn J, Anton N, Serra CA, Bouquey M, Collot M, Anton H, et al. A new formulation of poly (MAOTIB) nanoparticles as an efficient contrast agent for in vivo X-ray imaging. Acta Biomater. 2018;66:200–12.
Yoo D, Jung W, Son Y, Jon S. Glutathione-responsive gold nanoparticles as computed tomography contrast agents for hepatic diseases. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021;4(5):4486–94.
Lu J, Ma S, Sun J, Xia C, Liu C, Wang Z, et al. Manganese ferrite nanoparticle micellar nanocomposites as MRI contrast agent for liver imaging. Biomaterials. 2009;30(15):2919–28.
Hsu JC, Naha PC, Lau KC, Chhour P, Hastings R, Moon BF, et al. An all-in-one nanoparticle (AION) contrast agent for breast cancer screening with DEM-CT-MRI-NIRF imaging. Nanoscale. 2018;10(36):17236–48.
Anton N, Parlog A, Bou About G, Attia MF, Wattenhofer-Donzé M, Jacobs H, et al. Non-invasive quantitative imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice by micro-CT using liver-targeted iodinated nano-emulsions. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13935.
Attia MF, Anton N, Chiper M, Akasov R, Anton H, Messaddeq N, et al. Biodistribution of X-ray iodinated contrast agent in nano-emulsions is controlled by the chemical nature of the oily core. ACS Nano. 2014;8(10):10537–50.
Wallyn J, Anton N, Mertz D, Begin-Colin S, Perton F, Serra CA, et al. Magnetite-and iodine-containing nanoemulsion as a dual modal contrast agent for X-ray/magnetic resonance imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;11(1):403–16.
Qiao Z, Shi X. Dendrimer-based molecular imaging contrast agents. Prog Polym Sci. 2015;44:1–27.
Yordanov AT, Lodder AL, Woller EK, Cloninger MJ, Patronas N, Milenic D, et al. Novel iodinated dendritic nanoparticles for computed tomography (CT) imaging. Nano Lett. 2002;2(6):595–9.
Fu Y, Nitecki DE, Maltby D, Simon GH, Berejnoi K, Raatschen H-J, et al. Dendritic iodinated contrast agents with PEG-cores for CT imaging: synthesis and preliminary characterization. Bioconjug Chem. 2006;17(4):1043–56.
Duncan R, Izzo L. Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57(15):2215–37.
Kweon S, Lee H-J, Hyung WJ, Suh J, Lim JS, Lim S-J. Liposomes coloaded with iopamidol/lipiodol as a RES-targeted contrast agent for computed tomography imaging. Pharm Res. 2010;27:1408–15.
Allphin AJ, Mowery YM, Lafata KJ, Clark DP, Bassil AM, Castillo R, et al. Photon counting CT and radiomic analysis enables differentiation of tumors based on lymphocyte burden. Tomography. 2022;8(2):740–53.
Amini SM, Rezayat SM, Dinarvand R, Kharrazi S, Jaafari MR. Gold cluster encapsulated liposomes: theranostic agent with stimulus triggered release capability. Med Oncol. 2023;40(5):126.
Hu Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Han B, Zhang S, Li K, Ge S, Liu Y. Preparation and Characterization of Novel Perfluorooctyl Bromide Nanoparticle as Ultrasound Contrast Agent via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly for Folate-Receptor-Mediated Tumor Imaging. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:6381464.
Wang X, Chen H, Zheng Y, Ma M, Chen Y, Zhang K, Zeng D, Shi J. Au-nanoparticle coated mesoporous silica nanocapsule-based multifunctional platform for ultrasound mediated imaging, cytoclasis and tumor ablation. Biomaterials. 2013;34(8):2057-68.
Han X , Xu K , Taratula O , Farsad K . Applications of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging. Nanoscale. 2019;11(3):799-819.
Wang J, Barback CV, Ta CN, Weeks J, Gude N, Mattrey RF, Blair SL, Trogler WC, Lee H and Kummel AC. Extended lifetime in vivo pulse stimulated ultrasound imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2018;37:222–229.
Kim GW, Kang C, Oh YB, Ko MH, Seo JH, Lee D. Ultrasonographic imaging and anti-inflammatory therapy of muscle and tendon injuries using polymer nanoparticles. Theranostics. 2017;7(9):2463-2476.
Black KC, Akers WJ, Sudlow G, Xu B, Laforest R, Achilefu S. Dual-radiolabeled nanoparticle SPECT probes for bioimaging. Nanoscale. 2015;7(2):440-444.
Pressly ED, Pierce RA, Connal LA, Hawker CJ, Liu Y. Nanoparticle PET/CT imaging of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor in prostate cancer. Bioconjug Chem. 2013;24(2):196-204.
Referanslar
Minhas AS, Oliver R. Magnetic Resonance Imaging Basics. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1380:47–82.
Edelman RR. The history of MR imaging as seen through the pages of radiology. Radiology. 2014;273(2 Suppl):S181-200.
Khan R. MRI Contrast agents: evolution of clinical practice and dose optimization. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2016;25(4):157–61.
Gulani V, Calamante F, Shellock FG, Kanal E, Reeder SB. Gadolinium deposition in the brain: summary of evidence and recommendations. Lancet Neurol. 2017;16(7):564–70.
Choi JW, Moon W-J. Gadolinium deposition in the brain: current updates. Korean J Radiol. 2019;20(1):134–47.
Mathur M, Jones JR, Weinreb JC. gadolinium deposition and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: a radiologist’s primer. Radiogr a Rev Publ Radiol Soc North Am Inc. 2020;40(1):153–62.
Avasthi A, Caro C, Pozo-Torres E, Leal MP, García-Martín ML. Magnetic nanoparticles as MRI contrast agents. Top Curr Chem. 2020;378(3):40.
Han X, Xu K, Taratula O, Farsad K. Applications of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging. Nanoscale. 2019;11(3):799–819.
Zhou Y, Dai Z. New strategies in the design of nanomedicines to oppose uptake by the mononuclear phagocyte system and enhance cancer therapeutic efficacy. Chem Asian J. 2018;13(22):3333–40.
Wang Z, Qiao R, Tang N, Lu Z, Wang H, Zhang Z, et al. Active targeting theranostic iron oxide nanoparticles for MRI and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound ablation of lung cancer. Biomaterials. 2017;127:25–35.
Kim D, Jeong YY, Jon S. A drug-loaded aptamer-gold nanoparticle bioconjugate for combined CT imaging and therapy of prostate cancer. ACS Nano. 2010;4(7):3689–96.
Leong HS, Butler KS, Brinker CJ, Azzawi M, Conlan S, Dufés C, et al. On the issue of transparency and reproducibility in nanomedicine. Vol. 14, Nature nanotechnology. England; 2019. p. 629–35.
Ventola CL. Progress in nanomedicine: approved and ınvestigational nanodrugs. P T. 2017;42(12):742–55.
Thorek DLJ, Chen AK, Czupryna J, Tsourkas A. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle probes for molecular imaging. Ann Biomed Eng. 2006;34(1):23–38.
Estelrich J, Sánchez-Martín MJ, Busquets MA. Nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging: from simple to dual contrast agents. Int J Nanomedicine. 2015;10:1727–41.
Maes RM, Lewin JS, Duerk JL, Misselwitz B, Kiewiet CJM, Wacker FK. A new type of susceptibility-artefact-based magnetic resonance angiography: intra-arterial injection of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (SPIO) A Resovist® in combination with TrueFisp imaging: a feasibility study. Contrast Media Mol Imaging [Internet]. 2006;1(5):189–95.
Hamm B. Iron-oxide-enhanced MR lymphography: just a new toy or a breakthrough? European radiology. 2002;12:957–8.
Na H Bin, Song IC, Hyeon T. Inorganic nanoparticles for MRI contrast agents. Adv Mater [Internet]. 2009;21(21):2133–48.
Lu C-H, Hsiao J-K. Diagnostic and therapeutic roles of iron oxide nanoparticles in biomedicine. Tzu chi Med J. 2023;35(1):11–7.
Gupta AK, Gupta M. Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Biomaterials. 2005;26(18):3995–4021.
Yang H, Zhuang Y, Sun Y, Dai A, Shi X, Wu D, et al. Targeted dual-contrast T1- and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of tumors using multifunctional gadolinium-labeled superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials. 2011;32(20):4584–93.
Chakraborty A, Royce SG, Selomulya C, Plebanski M. A novel approach for non-ınvasive lung ımaging and targeting lung ımmune cells. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(5).
Wu Z, Dai L, Tang K, Ma Y, Song B, Zhang Y, et al. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for glioblastoma-targeting theranostics. Regen Biomater. 2021;8(6):rbab062.
Owens TC, Anton N, Attia MF. CT and X-ray contrast agents: Current clinical challenges and the future of contrast. Acta Biomater [Internet]. 2023;171:19–36.
Kinch MS, Woodard PK. Analysis of FDA-approved imaging agents. Drug Discov Today [Internet]. 2017;22(7):1077–83.
Röhrl L. M.; Scharf, G.; Zeman, F.; Stroszczynski, C.; Schreyer, A. G. S. D. Informed consent in contrast-enhanced CT: understanding of risks and ıdentification of possible prognostic factors TT - patientenaufklärung bei kontrastmittelgestützter CT: risikoverständnis und ıdentifikation möglicher prognosefaktoren. Rofo [Internet]. 2015;187(11):973–9.
Hsu JC, Nieves LM, Betzer O, Sadan T, Noël PB, Popovtzer R, et al. Nanoparticle contrast agents for X-ray imaging applications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2020;12(6):e1642.
Brede C, Labhasetwar V. Applications of nanoparticles in the detection and treatment of kidney diseases. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20(6):454–65.
He Z, Wan X, Schulz A, Bludau H, Dobrovolskaia MA, Stern ST, et al. A high capacity polymeric micelle of paclitaxel: Implication of high dose drug therapy to safety and in vivo anti-cancer activity. Biomaterials [Internet]. 2016;101:296–309.
Torchilin VP. PEG-based micelles as carriers of contrast agents for different imaging modalities. Adv Drug Deliv Rev [Internet]. 2002;54(2):235–52.
Naha PC, Lau KC, Hsu JC, Hajfathalian M, Mian S, Chhour P, et al. Gold silver alloy nanoparticles (GSAN): an imaging probe for breast cancer screening with dual-energy mammography or computed tomography. Nanoscale. 2016;8(28):13740–54.
Hainfeld JF, Slatkin DN, Focella TM, Smilowitz HM. Gold nanoparticles: a new X-ray contrast agent. Br J Radiol [Internet]. 2006;79(939):248–53.
Siddique S, Chow JCL. Application of Nanomaterials in Biomedical Imaging and Cancer Therapy. Vol. 10, Nanomaterials. 2020.
Yang H, Zhao J, Li D, Cao Y, Li F, Ma J, et al. Application of silver nanotriangles as a novel contrast agent in tumor computed tomography imaging. Nanotechnology. 2021;32(49):495705.
Nieves LM, Mossburg K, Hsu JC, Maidment ADA, Cormode DP. Silver chalcogenide nanoparticles: a review of their biomedical applications. Nanoscale. 2021;13(46):19306–23.
Leung K. Bismuth sulphide polyvinylpyrrolidone nanoparticles. In Bethesda (MD); 2004.
Mohammadi M, Khademi S, Choghazrdi Y, Irajirad R, Keshtkar M, Montazerabadi A. Modified bismuth nanoparticles: a new targeted nanoprobe for computed tomography ımaging of cancer. Cell J. 2022;24(9):515–21.
Salari Sedigh S, Gholipour A, Zandi M, Qubais Saeed B, Al-Naqeeb BZT, Abdullah Al-Tameemi NM, et al. The role of bismuth nanoparticles in the inhibition of bacterial infection. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2023;39(7):190.
Ji C, Zhao M, Wang C, Liu R, Zhu S, Dong X, et al. Biocompatible tantalum nanoparticles as radiosensitizers for enhancing therapy efficacy in primary tumor and metastatic sentinel lymph nodes. ACS Nano. 2022;16(6):9428–41.
Ramalho J, Semelka RC, Ramalho M, Nunes RH, AlObaidy M, Castillo M. Gadolinium-based contrast agent accumulation and toxicity: an update. Am J Neuroradiol. 2016;37(7):1192–8.
Nieves LM, Dong YC, Rosario-Berríos DN, Mossburg K, Hsu JC, Cramer GM, et al. Renally excretable silver telluride nanoparticles as contrast agents for X-ray imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2022;14(30):34354–64.
Cole LE, Ross RD, Tilley JMR, Vargo-Gogola T, Roeder RK. Gold nanoparticles as contrast agents in x-ray imaging and computed tomography. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(2):321–41.
Wallyn J, Anton N, Serra CA, Bouquey M, Collot M, Anton H, et al. A new formulation of poly (MAOTIB) nanoparticles as an efficient contrast agent for in vivo X-ray imaging. Acta Biomater. 2018;66:200–12.
Yoo D, Jung W, Son Y, Jon S. Glutathione-responsive gold nanoparticles as computed tomography contrast agents for hepatic diseases. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021;4(5):4486–94.
Lu J, Ma S, Sun J, Xia C, Liu C, Wang Z, et al. Manganese ferrite nanoparticle micellar nanocomposites as MRI contrast agent for liver imaging. Biomaterials. 2009;30(15):2919–28.
Hsu JC, Naha PC, Lau KC, Chhour P, Hastings R, Moon BF, et al. An all-in-one nanoparticle (AION) contrast agent for breast cancer screening with DEM-CT-MRI-NIRF imaging. Nanoscale. 2018;10(36):17236–48.
Anton N, Parlog A, Bou About G, Attia MF, Wattenhofer-Donzé M, Jacobs H, et al. Non-invasive quantitative imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma growth in mice by micro-CT using liver-targeted iodinated nano-emulsions. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):13935.
Attia MF, Anton N, Chiper M, Akasov R, Anton H, Messaddeq N, et al. Biodistribution of X-ray iodinated contrast agent in nano-emulsions is controlled by the chemical nature of the oily core. ACS Nano. 2014;8(10):10537–50.
Wallyn J, Anton N, Mertz D, Begin-Colin S, Perton F, Serra CA, et al. Magnetite-and iodine-containing nanoemulsion as a dual modal contrast agent for X-ray/magnetic resonance imaging. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2018;11(1):403–16.
Qiao Z, Shi X. Dendrimer-based molecular imaging contrast agents. Prog Polym Sci. 2015;44:1–27.
Yordanov AT, Lodder AL, Woller EK, Cloninger MJ, Patronas N, Milenic D, et al. Novel iodinated dendritic nanoparticles for computed tomography (CT) imaging. Nano Lett. 2002;2(6):595–9.
Fu Y, Nitecki DE, Maltby D, Simon GH, Berejnoi K, Raatschen H-J, et al. Dendritic iodinated contrast agents with PEG-cores for CT imaging: synthesis and preliminary characterization. Bioconjug Chem. 2006;17(4):1043–56.
Duncan R, Izzo L. Dendrimer biocompatibility and toxicity. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2005;57(15):2215–37.
Kweon S, Lee H-J, Hyung WJ, Suh J, Lim JS, Lim S-J. Liposomes coloaded with iopamidol/lipiodol as a RES-targeted contrast agent for computed tomography imaging. Pharm Res. 2010;27:1408–15.
Allphin AJ, Mowery YM, Lafata KJ, Clark DP, Bassil AM, Castillo R, et al. Photon counting CT and radiomic analysis enables differentiation of tumors based on lymphocyte burden. Tomography. 2022;8(2):740–53.
Amini SM, Rezayat SM, Dinarvand R, Kharrazi S, Jaafari MR. Gold cluster encapsulated liposomes: theranostic agent with stimulus triggered release capability. Med Oncol. 2023;40(5):126.
Hu Y, Wang Y, Jiang J, Han B, Zhang S, Li K, Ge S, Liu Y. Preparation and Characterization of Novel Perfluorooctyl Bromide Nanoparticle as Ultrasound Contrast Agent via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly for Folate-Receptor-Mediated Tumor Imaging. Biomed Res Int. 2016;2016:6381464.
Wang X, Chen H, Zheng Y, Ma M, Chen Y, Zhang K, Zeng D, Shi J. Au-nanoparticle coated mesoporous silica nanocapsule-based multifunctional platform for ultrasound mediated imaging, cytoclasis and tumor ablation. Biomaterials. 2013;34(8):2057-68.
Han X , Xu K , Taratula O , Farsad K . Applications of nanoparticles in biomedical imaging. Nanoscale. 2019;11(3):799-819.
Wang J, Barback CV, Ta CN, Weeks J, Gude N, Mattrey RF, Blair SL, Trogler WC, Lee H and Kummel AC. Extended lifetime in vivo pulse stimulated ultrasound imaging. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2018;37:222–229.
Kim GW, Kang C, Oh YB, Ko MH, Seo JH, Lee D. Ultrasonographic imaging and anti-inflammatory therapy of muscle and tendon injuries using polymer nanoparticles. Theranostics. 2017;7(9):2463-2476.
Black KC, Akers WJ, Sudlow G, Xu B, Laforest R, Achilefu S. Dual-radiolabeled nanoparticle SPECT probes for bioimaging. Nanoscale. 2015;7(2):440-444.
Pressly ED, Pierce RA, Connal LA, Hawker CJ, Liu Y. Nanoparticle PET/CT imaging of natriuretic peptide clearance receptor in prostate cancer. Bioconjug Chem. 2013;24(2):196-204.
