Gıda Güvenliği Açısından Pestisitlerin Önemi
Özet
Pestisitler haşere, yabani ot ve vektör kaynaklı hastalıklara karşı mücadelede kullanılan bileşiklerdir. Pestisitlerin, tarımsal üretim ve verimliliği artırılmasında, gıda kayıplarını önleme ve gıda güvenliğini sağlamada birçok olumlu etkileri vardır. Ancak, pestisitlerin aşırı, yanlış veya bilinçsiz kullanımı hem insan sağlığı hem de çevre için ciddi riskler oluşturur. Pestisitler, hedef olmayan canlılar tarafından alındığında, zehirlenmelere, kanser, doğum kusurları, fertilite ve üreme bozuklukları, hormonel bozukluklar ve sinir sistemi hasarına yol açabilirler. Ayrıca, pestisitler çevreye yayılarak su, toprak, hava ve biyolojik çeşitliliği kirletebilirler. Bu bölümde pestisitlerin kullanımı, sınıflandırılmaları, gıda güvenliği, canlılar ve çevre için zararlı etkileri hakkında bilgi verilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Referanslar
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Referanslar
Reeves WR, McGuire MK, Stokes M, et al. Assessing the safety of pesticides in food: How current regulations protect human health. Advances in Nutrition. 2019;10(1):80-88. doi:10.1093/advances/nmy061
Oberemok VV, Laikova KV, Gninenko YI, et al. A short history of insecticides. Journal of Plant Protection Research. 2015;55(3):221-226. doi:10.1515/jppr-2015-0033
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Pathak VM, Verma VK, Rawat BS, et al. Current status of pesticide effects on environment, human health and it’s eco-friendly management as bioremediation: A comprehensive review. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2022;13:962619. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.962619
Leskovac A, Petrović S. Pesticide use and degradation strategies: Food safety, challenges and perspectives. Foods. 2023;12(14):2709. doi:10.3390/foods12142709.
Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, et al. Pesticide exposures and respiratory health in general populations. Journal of Environmental Sciences (China). 2017;51:361-370. doi:10.1016/j.jes.2016.11.012
Nicolopoulou-Stamati P, Maipas S, Kotampasi C, et al. Chemical pesticides and human health: the urgent need for a new concept in agriculture. Frontiers in Public Health. 2016;4:148. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2016.00148
Rozaq P, Sofriani N. Organic pesticide from urine and spices modification. Asian Journal of Food and Agro-Industry; 2009; Special Issue, 105-111.
Sarath Chandran C, Thomas S, Unni M.R. Pesticides: Classification, detection, and degradation. In: Sarath Chandran C, Thomas S, Unni MR (eds.) Organic Farming. Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 2019. p. 71–87. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-04657-6_5
Hassaan MA, El Nemr A. Pesticides pollution: Classifications, human health impact, extraction and treatment techniques, The Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Research. 2020;46(3):207-220. doi:10.1016/j.ejar.2020.08.007
Akashe, M, Pawade U, Nikam A. Classification of pesticides: A review. International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy. 2018;9:144-150. doi:10.7897/2277-4343.094131.
Zacharia, JT. Identity, physical and chemical properties of pesticides. In: Stoytcheva M (eds.) Pesticides in the Modern World – Trends in Pesticides Analysis. InTech, Croatia: Rijeka; 2011. p. 3-20.
Abdollahi M, Ranjbar A, Shadnia S, et al. Pesticides and oxidative stress: a review. Medical Science Monitor; 2004;10(6):141-147.
Peter JV, Cherian AM. Organic insecticides. Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. 2000;28(1):11-21. doi:10.1177/0310057X0002800102
Rajak P, Roy S, Ganguly A, et al. Agricultural pesticides – friends or foes to biosphere? Journal of Hazardous Materials Advances; 2023;10:100264. doi:10.1016/j.hazadv.2023.100264
FAO. Pesticides use, pesticides trade and pesticides indicators Available from: https://www.fao.org/documents/card/en?details=cc0918en (Accessed 8th October 2023).
EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), Carrasco Cabrera, L, Di Piazza, G, Dujardin, B and Medina Pastor, P, 2023. The 2021 European Union report on pesticide residues in food. EFSA Journal. 2023;21(4):7939. doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7939
Özercan B, Taşcı R. Türkiye’de pestisit kullanımının iller, bölgeler ve pestisit grupları açısından incelenmesi. Ziraat Mühendisliği. 2022;375:75-88. doi:10.33724/zm.1120599
Popp J, Pető K, Nagy J. Pesticide productivity and food security. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development. 2013;33:243–255. doi:10.1007/s13593-012-0105-x
Aktar MW, Sengupta D, Chowdhury A. Impact of pesticides use in agriculture: Their benefits and hazards. Interdisciplinary Toxicology. 2009;2(1):1-12. doi:10.2478/v10102-009-0001-7
Karakaya M, Boyraz N. Gıda kirlenmesinde pestisitler ve korunma yolları. Çevre Dergisi; 1992; 1(4): 11-15.
Tiryaki O, Canhilal R, Horuz S. Tarım ilaçları kullanımı ve riskleri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fen Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;26(2): 154-169.
Zheng L, Deng L, Zhong Y, et al. Molluscicides against the snail-intermediate host of Schistosoma: a review. Parasitology Research; 2021;120(10):3355-3393. doi:10.1007/s00436-021-07288-4
24.Tudi M, Daniel Ruan H, Wang L, et al. Agriculture development, pesticide application and its impact on the environment. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2021;18(3):1112. doi:10.3390/ijerph18031112
Riyaz M, Ahmad Shah R, Sivasankaran K. Pesticide Residues: Impacts on Fauna and the Environment. In: Mendes FK, De Sousa RN, Mielke KC (eds) Biodefradation Technology of Organic and Inorganic Pollutants. IntechOpen. 2022. doi:10.5772/intechopen.98379
Durmaz S, Mandıracıoğlu A, Ozvurmaz S, et al. Tarım Sektöründe Çalışanların Tarım İlaçları Konusunda Bilgilerinin Belirlenmesi. Hemşirelik Bilimi Dergisi. 2022;5(1):1-6. doi:10.54189/hbd.1059701
Nitzko S, Bahrs E, Spiller A. Pesticide residues in food and drinking water from the consumerʼs perspective: The relevance of maximum residue levels and product-specific differences. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 2022;30:787-798. doi:10.1016/j.spc.2022.01.016
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