Gıda Güvenliğinde Zoonozların Önemi
Özet
Gıda güvenliği açısından zoonozlar, büyük bir öneme sahiptir. Zoonozlar, hayvanlardan insanlara geçebilen enfeksiyon hastalıklarıdır. Bu hastalıklar, gıda kaynaklı enfeksiyonların önemli bir kaynağıdır ve insan sağlığına ciddi tehditler oluşturabilirler. Özellikle hayvansal kaynaklı gıdalar, zoonozların yayılma riskini artırmaktadır. Zoonozlar, çoğu kez hayvanlardan insanlara bulaşarak gıdalar aracılığıyla insanlara ulaşırlar. Örneğin, kontamine et, süt ürünleri veya yumurta tüketimi sonucu insanlara geçebilirler. Bu nedenle, hijyenik gıda üretimi, depolama ve hazırlık süreçleri, zoonozların kontrol altına alınmasında hayati bir rol oynar. Zoonozların önemi, gıda güvenliği politikalarının, denetimlerin ve eğitimin vurgulanmasını gerektirir. Sağlık otoriteleri ve gıda endüstrisi, zoonozların yayılmasını önlemek için işbirliği yapmalı ve tüketicilere hijyenik gıda tüketimi konusunda bilinç kazandırmalıdır. Bu şekilde, zoonozların gıda güvenliği açısından önemli bir sorun oluşturmasının önüne geçilebilir.
Referanslar
World Health Organization. WHO Health Topic Page: Zoonoses. Available online: https://www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/en/ (accessed on 20 July 2023)
Godfroid J, Käsbohrer A. Brucellosis in the European Union and Norway at the turn of the twenty-first century. Veterinary microbiology. 2002; 90(1–4):135–145. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00217-1
Assefa A, Bihon A. A systematic review and metaanalysis of prevalence of Escherichia coli in foods of animal origin in Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2018;4(8):1–22. doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00716
Addis M, Sisay D. A review on major food borne bacterial illnesses. Journal of Tropical Diseases. 2015;3(4):1–7.
Wu S, Duan N, Gu H, et al. A review of the methods for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Toxins. 2016;8(7):1–20. doi:10.3390/toxins8070176
Argaw S, Addis M. A review on staphylococcal food poisoning. Food Science and Quality Management. 2015;(40):59–71.
Zelalem A, Sisay M, Vipham LJ, et. al. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial isolates from meat and meat products in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2019;6(1):1–14.
Carrique-Mas JJ, Bryant JE. A review of foodborne bacterial and parasitic zoonoses in Vietnam. EcoHealth. 2013;4(10):465–489. doi:10.1007/s10393-013-0884-9
Abunna F, Abriham T, Gizaw F, et al. Staphylococcus: isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance in dairycattle farms, municipal abattoir and personnel in and around asella, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology. 2016;7(6):1–7. doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000383
Zhao X, Lin C, Wang J, et al. Advances in rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2014;24(3):297–312. doi:10.4014/jmb.1310.10013
Ejo M, Garedew L, Alebachew Z et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animal-origin food items in gondar, Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2016;8. doi:10.1155/2016/4290506
Hemalata VB, Virupakshaiah DBM. Isolation and identification of food borne pathogens from spoiled food samples. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2016;5(6):1017–1025.
Loir LY, Baron F, Gautier M. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genetics and Molecular Research. 2003;2(1):63–76.
Kebede T, Afera B, Taddele H, et al. Assessment of bacteriological quality of sold meat in the butcher shops of adigrat, tigray, Ethiopia bureau of agriculture and rural development. Applied Occupational and Enviromental Hygiene. 2014;3(3):38–44. doi:10.5829/idosi.ajh.2014.3.3.8636
Dehkordi KM, Shamsabadi GM, Banimehdi P. The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxigenic and methicillin-resistant strains in Iranian food resources: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita. 2019;31(4):263–278. doi:10.7416/ai.2019.2289
Tessema D, Tsegaye S. Study on the prevalence and distribution of Staphylococcus aureus in raw cow milk originated from alage atvet college dairy farm, Ethiopia. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences.2017;7(2):2–5. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000586
Abraha H, Hadish G, Aligaz B, et al. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow milk and fresh fruit juice. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. 2018;10(4):106–113.
Tsepo R, Ngoma L, Mwanza M, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from beef carcasses at abattoirs in north west province. Journal of Human Ecology. 2016;56(1-2):188–195. doi:10.1080/09709274.2016.11907055
Beyene T, Hayishe H, Gizaw F, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus in dairy farms, abattoir and humans in addis ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes. 2017;10(1):1–9.
EI-Jakee J, Marouf SA, Ata SN, et al. Rapid method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food. Global Veterinarian. 2013;11(3):335–341. doi: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.3.1140
Wang W, Baloch Z, Jiang T, et al. Enterotoxigenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail food in China. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017;8:2256. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02256
Pesavento G, Ducci B, Comodo N, et al. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated fromraw meat: A research for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Food Control. 2007;18(3):196-200. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.09.013
Kemal J, Sibhat B, Menkir S, et al. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella in Ethiopia: a review evolution of Salmonella. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2015;9(46):2249–2256. doi:10.5897/AJMR2015. 7763
Heredia N, Garcia S. Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: a review. Animal Nutrition. 2018;4(3):250–255. doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.006
Ejo M, Garedew L, Alebachew Z, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animal-origin food items in gondar, Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2016;8. doi.org/10.1155/2016/4290506
Erol I, Hildebrandt G, Goncuoglu M, et al. Serotype distribution of Salmonella in broiler carcasses and edible offal in Turkey. Fleischwirtschaft. 2010;90(9):106-109.
Silva J, Leite D, Fernandes M, et al. Campylobacter spp. As a foodborne pathogen: a review. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2011;2(200):1–12. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00200
Wieczorek K, Wołkowicz T, Osek J. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated traits of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry food chain and humans with diarrhea. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018;9:1–11. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01508
Hagos Y, Berhe M, Gugsa G. Campylobacteriosis: emphasis on its status as foodborne zoonosis in Ethiopia. International Journal of Tropical Diseases. 2019;7(4):1–8.
Vaidya GR, Chaudhary PS, Zade NN, et al. Prevalence, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes recuperated from slaughtered goats and pigs of nagpur, Central India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2018;7(4):1566– 1578. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.12.007
Lee S, Cappato PL, Guimarães TJ, et al. Listeria monocytogenes in milk: occurrence and recent advances in methods for inactivation. Beverages. 2019;5(1):1–14. doi:10.3390/beverages5010014
Abreham S, Teklu A, Cox E, et al. Escherichia coli O157 : H7 : distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export abattoir, mojdo, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiology. 2019;19(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1590-8
Messele EY, Abdi DR, Tegegne TD, et al. Analysis of milk-derived isolates of E. coli indicating drug resistance in Central Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;51(3):661–667. doi:10.1007/s11250-018-1737-x
Guan Y, Zheng BJ, He YQ et al. Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in outhern China. Science. 2003;302(5643):276–278. doi: 10.1126/science.108713
Shi Z, Hu Z () A review of studies on animal reservoirs of the SARS coronavirus. Virus research. 2008;133(1):74–87 doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.012
Wegener HC, Hald T, Lo Fo Wong D, et al. Salmonella control programs in Denmark. Emerging infectious diseases. 2003;9(7):774–780. doi: 10.3201/eid0907.030024
Molyneux D, Hallaj Z, Keusch GT, et al. Zoonoses and marginalised infectious diseases of poverty: where do we stand? Parasit Vectors. 2011;14(4):106 doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-106
García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CA, et al. Cysticercosis working group in Peru Taenia solium cysticercosis. Lancet. 2003;362(9383):547–556. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14117-7
European Food Safety Authority. The European Union One Health 2019 Zoonoses Report. EFSA j. 2021;19(2):6402. [Crossref] [PubMed]).
Akkoc N, Kuruuzum Z, Akar S, et al. A large-scale outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella britovi in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 2009;56(2):65-70. doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01158.x.
Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Lee LH. Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenesis, prevalence, and advanced molecular identification techniques. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2014;5:705. Doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00705
Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, et al. Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 8th Chapter Curved Gram negative bacilli and oxidase positive fermenters, Seventh edition.. Wolters Kluwer Health. Philadelphia 2017. p. 432- 471
Traore SG, Bonfoh B, Krabı R, et al. Risk of Vibrio transmission linked to the consumption of crustacean in coastal towns of Coted’Ivoire. Journal of food protection. 2012;75(6):1004-11. Doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-472
Levent B, Aksaray S. Türkiye’de İlk Defa Saptanan Gıda Kaynaklı Vibrio parahaemolyticus Olguları. ANKEM Derg. 2021;35(1):28-32. doi: 10.5222/ankem.2021.028
Doganci L, Tanyuksel M, Araz ER, et al. A probable outbreak of toxoplasmosis among boarding school students in Turkey. Clinical microbiology and infection. 2006;12(7):672-4. Doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01449.x
Dauphin G. WHO/FAO/OIE tripartite coordination for the control and prevention of zoonotic influenza viruses. Example of OFFLU, global network of veterinary expertise. Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France. 2015;168(3):224-232. doi : 10.4267/2042/57932
WHO G, UNICEF. Contributing to One world, One health. A Strategic Framework for reducing risks of infectious diseases at the animal-human-ecosystems interface. 2008
Narrod C, Zinsstag J, Tiongco M. A one health framework for estimating the economic costs of zoonotic diseases on society. EcoHealth. 2012;9:150-162 doi:10.1007/s10393-012-0747-9
Merianos A, Peiris M. International health regulations. The Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1249-1251. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67508-3
Referanslar
World Health Organization. WHO Health Topic Page: Zoonoses. Available online: https://www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/en/ (accessed on 20 July 2023)
Godfroid J, Käsbohrer A. Brucellosis in the European Union and Norway at the turn of the twenty-first century. Veterinary microbiology. 2002; 90(1–4):135–145. doi:10.1016/S0378-1135(02)00217-1
Assefa A, Bihon A. A systematic review and metaanalysis of prevalence of Escherichia coli in foods of animal origin in Ethiopia. Heliyon. 2018;4(8):1–22. doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00716
Addis M, Sisay D. A review on major food borne bacterial illnesses. Journal of Tropical Diseases. 2015;3(4):1–7.
Wu S, Duan N, Gu H, et al. A review of the methods for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins. Toxins. 2016;8(7):1–20. doi:10.3390/toxins8070176
Argaw S, Addis M. A review on staphylococcal food poisoning. Food Science and Quality Management. 2015;(40):59–71.
Zelalem A, Sisay M, Vipham LJ, et. al. The prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial isolates from meat and meat products in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2019;6(1):1–14.
Carrique-Mas JJ, Bryant JE. A review of foodborne bacterial and parasitic zoonoses in Vietnam. EcoHealth. 2013;4(10):465–489. doi:10.1007/s10393-013-0884-9
Abunna F, Abriham T, Gizaw F, et al. Staphylococcus: isolation, identification and antimicrobial resistance in dairycattle farms, municipal abattoir and personnel in and around asella, Ethiopia. Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology. 2016;7(6):1–7. doi:10.4172/2157-7579.1000383
Zhao X, Lin C, Wang J, et al. Advances in rapid detection methods for foodborne pathogens. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 2014;24(3):297–312. doi:10.4014/jmb.1310.10013
Ejo M, Garedew L, Alebachew Z et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animal-origin food items in gondar, Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2016;8. doi:10.1155/2016/4290506
Hemalata VB, Virupakshaiah DBM. Isolation and identification of food borne pathogens from spoiled food samples. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2016;5(6):1017–1025.
Loir LY, Baron F, Gautier M. Staphylococcus aureus and food poisoning. Genetics and Molecular Research. 2003;2(1):63–76.
Kebede T, Afera B, Taddele H, et al. Assessment of bacteriological quality of sold meat in the butcher shops of adigrat, tigray, Ethiopia bureau of agriculture and rural development. Applied Occupational and Enviromental Hygiene. 2014;3(3):38–44. doi:10.5829/idosi.ajh.2014.3.3.8636
Dehkordi KM, Shamsabadi GM, Banimehdi P. The occurrence of Staphylococcus aureus, enterotoxigenic and methicillin-resistant strains in Iranian food resources: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunita. 2019;31(4):263–278. doi:10.7416/ai.2019.2289
Tessema D, Tsegaye S. Study on the prevalence and distribution of Staphylococcus aureus in raw cow milk originated from alage atvet college dairy farm, Ethiopia. Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences.2017;7(2):2–5. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000586
Abraha H, Hadish G, Aligaz B, et al. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw cow milk and fresh fruit juice. Journal of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Health. 2018;10(4):106–113.
Tsepo R, Ngoma L, Mwanza M, et al. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from beef carcasses at abattoirs in north west province. Journal of Human Ecology. 2016;56(1-2):188–195. doi:10.1080/09709274.2016.11907055
Beyene T, Hayishe H, Gizaw F, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus in dairy farms, abattoir and humans in addis ababa, Ethiopia. BMC Research Notes. 2017;10(1):1–9.
EI-Jakee J, Marouf SA, Ata SN, et al. Rapid method for detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in food. Global Veterinarian. 2013;11(3):335–341. doi: 10.5829/idosi.gv.2013.11.3.1140
Wang W, Baloch Z, Jiang T, et al. Enterotoxigenicity and antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from retail food in China. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2017;8:2256. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.02256
Pesavento G, Ducci B, Comodo N, et al. Antimicrobial resistance profile of Staphylococcus aureus isolated fromraw meat: A research for methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Food Control. 2007;18(3):196-200. doi:10.1016/j.foodcont.2005.09.013
Kemal J, Sibhat B, Menkir S, et al. Antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella in Ethiopia: a review evolution of Salmonella. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2015;9(46):2249–2256. doi:10.5897/AJMR2015. 7763
Heredia N, Garcia S. Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: a review. Animal Nutrition. 2018;4(3):250–255. doi:10.1016/j.aninu.2018.04.006
Ejo M, Garedew L, Alebachew Z, et al. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from animal-origin food items in gondar, Ethiopia. BioMed Research International. 2016;8. doi.org/10.1155/2016/4290506
Erol I, Hildebrandt G, Goncuoglu M, et al. Serotype distribution of Salmonella in broiler carcasses and edible offal in Turkey. Fleischwirtschaft. 2010;90(9):106-109.
Silva J, Leite D, Fernandes M, et al. Campylobacter spp. As a foodborne pathogen: a review. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2011;2(200):1–12. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2011.00200
Wieczorek K, Wołkowicz T, Osek J. Antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated traits of Campylobacter jejuni isolated from poultry food chain and humans with diarrhea. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2018;9:1–11. doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.01508
Hagos Y, Berhe M, Gugsa G. Campylobacteriosis: emphasis on its status as foodborne zoonosis in Ethiopia. International Journal of Tropical Diseases. 2019;7(4):1–8.
Vaidya GR, Chaudhary PS, Zade NN, et al. Prevalence, virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of Listeria monocytogenes recuperated from slaughtered goats and pigs of nagpur, Central India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences. 2018;7(4):1566– 1578. doi:10.1016/j.jiph.2017.12.007
Lee S, Cappato PL, Guimarães TJ, et al. Listeria monocytogenes in milk: occurrence and recent advances in methods for inactivation. Beverages. 2019;5(1):1–14. doi:10.3390/beverages5010014
Abreham S, Teklu A, Cox E, et al. Escherichia coli O157 : H7 : distribution, molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance patterns and source of contamination of sheep and goat carcasses at an export abattoir, mojdo, Ethiopia. BMC Microbiology. 2019;19(1):1–14. doi:10.1186/s12866-019-1590-8
Messele EY, Abdi DR, Tegegne TD, et al. Analysis of milk-derived isolates of E. coli indicating drug resistance in Central Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2018;51(3):661–667. doi:10.1007/s11250-018-1737-x
Guan Y, Zheng BJ, He YQ et al. Isolation and characterization of viruses related to the SARS coronavirus from animals in outhern China. Science. 2003;302(5643):276–278. doi: 10.1126/science.108713
Shi Z, Hu Z () A review of studies on animal reservoirs of the SARS coronavirus. Virus research. 2008;133(1):74–87 doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2007.03.012
Wegener HC, Hald T, Lo Fo Wong D, et al. Salmonella control programs in Denmark. Emerging infectious diseases. 2003;9(7):774–780. doi: 10.3201/eid0907.030024
Molyneux D, Hallaj Z, Keusch GT, et al. Zoonoses and marginalised infectious diseases of poverty: where do we stand? Parasit Vectors. 2011;14(4):106 doi:10.1186/1756-3305-4-106
García HH, Gonzalez AE, Evans CA, et al. Cysticercosis working group in Peru Taenia solium cysticercosis. Lancet. 2003;362(9383):547–556. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)14117-7
European Food Safety Authority. The European Union One Health 2019 Zoonoses Report. EFSA j. 2021;19(2):6402. [Crossref] [PubMed]).
Akkoc N, Kuruuzum Z, Akar S, et al. A large-scale outbreak of trichinellosis caused by Trichinella britovi in Turkey. Zoonoses Public Health. 2009;56(2):65-70. doi.org/10.1111/j.1863-2378.2008.01158.x.
Letchumanan V, Chan KG, Lee LH. Vibrio parahaemolyticus: a review on the pathogenesis, prevalence, and advanced molecular identification techniques. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2014;5:705. Doi:10.3389/fmicb.2014.00705
Procop GW, Church DL, Hall GS, et al. Koneman’s Color Atlas and Textbook of Diagnostic Microbiology, 8th Chapter Curved Gram negative bacilli and oxidase positive fermenters, Seventh edition.. Wolters Kluwer Health. Philadelphia 2017. p. 432- 471
Traore SG, Bonfoh B, Krabı R, et al. Risk of Vibrio transmission linked to the consumption of crustacean in coastal towns of Coted’Ivoire. Journal of food protection. 2012;75(6):1004-11. Doi:10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-472
Levent B, Aksaray S. Türkiye’de İlk Defa Saptanan Gıda Kaynaklı Vibrio parahaemolyticus Olguları. ANKEM Derg. 2021;35(1):28-32. doi: 10.5222/ankem.2021.028
Doganci L, Tanyuksel M, Araz ER, et al. A probable outbreak of toxoplasmosis among boarding school students in Turkey. Clinical microbiology and infection. 2006;12(7):672-4. Doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01449.x
Dauphin G. WHO/FAO/OIE tripartite coordination for the control and prevention of zoonotic influenza viruses. Example of OFFLU, global network of veterinary expertise. Bulletin de l'Académie Vétérinaire de France. 2015;168(3):224-232. doi : 10.4267/2042/57932
WHO G, UNICEF. Contributing to One world, One health. A Strategic Framework for reducing risks of infectious diseases at the animal-human-ecosystems interface. 2008
Narrod C, Zinsstag J, Tiongco M. A one health framework for estimating the economic costs of zoonotic diseases on society. EcoHealth. 2012;9:150-162 doi:10.1007/s10393-012-0747-9
Merianos A, Peiris M. International health regulations. The Lancet. 2005;366(9493):1249-1251. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67508-3
