Diyet Yağı ve Meme Kanseri
Özet
Orta yaş ve sonrasında toplam yağdan gelen enerji yüzdesindeki azalmanın meme kanseri insidansını da azaltacağı hipotezi için büyük harcamalarla araştırmalar yapılmasına rağmen birçok büyük kohort çalışmasının ve iki büyük randomize çalışmanın sonuçları bu hipotez için çok az destek sağlamıştır. Sıfır hipotezi kanıtlanamasa da, mevcut kanıtlar, yetişkinlik döneminde yağın enerjinin %20'sine kadar düşürülmesinin bile Batı kültürlerinde meme kanseri riski üzerinde minimum etkiye sahip olacağını göstermektedir. Bazı kanıtlar, tekli doymamış ikamenin yağ, özellikle zeytinyağı gibi, diğer enerji kaynakları için meme kanseri riskini azaltabilir oldugunu desteklemektedir; bu daha fazla incelemeyi hak etmektedir. Ergenlik ve erken yetişkinlik döneminde diyetle ilgili sınırlı kanıt, hayvansal yağ veya kırmızı et alımı ile menopoz öncesi meme kanseri riski arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu düşündürmektedir; bu ilişkiler hakkında daha fazla veriye ihtiyaç vardır.
Diyet yağının aksine, yetişkinlik döneminde vücut ağırlığı artışının postmenopozal meme kanseri riskini artıracağına dair kanıtlar güçlü ve tutarlıdır. Yüksek vücut ağırlığı ve yağlanmanın sağlık üzerinde başka birçok olumsuz etkisi olduğundan, yetişkinlik döneminde vücut ağırlığı artışından kaçınmak en önemli halk sağlığı önceliği olmalıdır.
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