Serbest Yüzme Performansında Akışkan Mekanik Parametreleri

Alley LE. An analysis of water resistance and propulsion in swimming the crawl stroke. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1952;23(3):253-270.

Andersen JT, Sinclair PJ, McCabe CB, et al. Kinematic differences in shoulder roll and hip roll at different front crawl speeds in national level swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2020;34(1):20-25.

Bächlin M, Tröster G. Swimming performance and technique evaluation with wearable acceleration sensors. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2012;8(1):68-81.

Barbosa TM, Marinho DA, Costa MJ, et al. Biomechanics of competitive swimming strokes. Biomechanics in Applications, 2011;367-388.

Barbosa TM, Yam JW, Lum D, et al. Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation. Scientific Reports, 2020;10:8464.

Bíró, M, Révész, L, Hidvégi, P. (2015). Swimming. Eszterházy Károly Catholic University: EKC Líceum Press.

Bozdoğan, A. (2003). Yüzme fizyoloji mekanik metod. İstanbul: İlpress Basım ve Yayın.

Bozdoğan, A., Özüak, A. (2010). Stilleriyle temel yüzme. İstanbul: İlpress Basım ve Yayın.

Brown, R. M., Counsilman, J. E. (1971). The role of lift in propelling swimmers. In Biomechanics, edited by J. M. Cooper, 179-88. Chicago, IL: Athletic Institute

Cappaert, J. M. (1999). Biomechanics of swimming analysed by three-dimensional techniques. In K. Keskinen, P. Komi, & A. P. Hollander (Eds.), Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII: Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 141–145). Jyva¨skyla¨, Finland: University of Jyva¨skyla¨ Press.

Caty V, Aujouannet Y, Hintzy F, et al. Wrist stabilisation and forearm muscle coactivation during freestyle swimming. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2007;17:285–291.

Chollet D, Chalies S, Chatard JC. A new index of coordination for the crawl: Description and usefulness. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000;21(01):54-59.

Cohen RC, Cleary PW, Mason BR, et al. Forces during front crawl swimming at different stroke rates. Sports Engineering, 2018;21:63-73.

Counsilman JE. Forces in swimming two types of crawl stroke. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1955;26(2):127-139.

Counsilman, J. E. (1968). The Science of Swimming.-New Jersey Prentice.

Craig Jr AB, Pendergast DR. Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports, 1979;11(3):278-283.

Çengel, Y. A. & Cimbala, J. M. (2020). Akışkanlar mekaniği temelleri ve uygulamaları. Ankara: Palme Yayınevi.

Di Palma D, Ascione A. New Technologies in Swimming Sports. Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport and Inclusive Didactics, 2018;2(2).

Figueiredo P, Sanders R, Gorski T, et al. Kinematic and electromyographic changes during 200 m front crawl at race pace. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013;34(01):49-55.

Floryan D, Van Buren T, Smits AJ. Forces and energetics of intermittent swimming. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2017;33:725-732.

Gourgoulis V, Aggeloussis N, Vezos N, et al. Estimation of hand forces and propelling efficiency during front crawl swimming with hand paddles. Journal of Biomechanics, 2008;41:208–215.

Gourgoulis V., Antoniou P, Aggeloussis N, et al. Kinematic characteristics of the stroke and orientation of the hand during front crawl resisted swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010;28(11):1165-1173.

Grimshaw, P. (2019). Swimming. In Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics (pp. 296-309). Garland Science.

Hagem RM, O'Keefe SG, Fickenscher T, et al. Self contained adaptable optical wireless communications system for stroke rate during swimming. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2013;13(8):3144-3151.

Hannula D. (2001) The Swim Coaching Bible. Human Kinetics, 21-133.

Hannula, D. & Thornton, N. (2012). The swim coaching bible. Champaign: Human Kinetics.

Holt, L. E., & Holt, J. B. (1989). Swimming velocity with and without lift forces. Unpublished paper, Sports Sciences Laboratory, Canada: Dalhousie University.

Hyodo H, Koga D, Sengoku Y, et al. Relationship between swimming velocity and trunk twist motion in short-distance crawl swimming. Biomechanics, 2023;3(2):193-203.

İnal, S. (2017). Spor ve egzersizde vücut biyomekaniği. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi.

Kıstak-Altan BK, Ercin CB, Bingul BM, et al. The kinematic analysis of 3 repeated 200 metres freestyle swimming performances of swimmers aged 13-15 years. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2022;14(1):894-904.

Kistak, B. (2016) 13-15 yaş grubu serbest stil erkek yüzücülerin 3 tekrarlı 200m performanslarına bağlı kinematik parametrelerin analizi (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).

Learning, L. (2021). Archimedes’ Principle. Fundamentals of Heat, Light & Sound.

Lee JB, Burkett BJ, Thiel DV, et al. Inertial sensor, 3D and 2D assessment of stroke phases in freestyle swimming. Procedia Engineering, 2011;13:148-153.

Lee J, Mellifont R, Winstanley J, et al. Body roll in simulated freestyle swimming. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008;29(7):569-573.

Magalhaes FAD, Vannozzi G, Gatta G, et al. Wearable inertial sensors in swimming motion analysis: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2015;33(7):732-745.

Magel, JR. Propelling force measured during tethered swimming in the four competitive swimming styles. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1970;41(1):68-74.

Maglischo CW, Maglischo EW, Higgins J, et al. A biomechanical analysis of the 1984 US Olympic swimming team: The distance freestylers. Journal of Swimming Research, 1986;2(3):12-16.

Maglischo, E. W. (2018). Swimming fastest. İstanbul: Ekin Yayın Grubu.

McCabe CB, Sanders RH. Kinematic differences between front crawl sprint and distance swimmers at a distance pace. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012; 30(6):601–608.

McCabe CB, Sanders RH, Psycharakis SG. Upper limb kinematic differences between breathing and non-breathing conditions in front crawl sprint swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 2015;48(15):3995-4001.

McFall TA, Griffith AL, Rotthoff KW. The impact of technology and rule changes on elite swimming performances. The Economics of Aquatic Sports, 2020;77-92.

McGill, N. (2016). Swimming: Stay afloat for better health.

McLean SP, Hinrichs RN. Sex differences in the centre of buoyancy location of competitive swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1998;16(4):373-83.

McLean SP, Hinrichs RN. Buoyancy, gender, and swimming performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2000;16(3):248-263.

McMaster WC, Troup JP. Competitive swimming biomechanics: Freestyle. The International SportMed Journal, 2001;2(6):1-8.

Mikhailov, G. K. (2005). Daniel bernoulli, hydrodynamica (1738). In Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 (pp. 131-142). Elsevier Science.

Millet GP, Chollet D, Chalies S, et al. Coordination in front crawl in elite triathletes and elite swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002;23(02):99-104.

Mooney R, Corley G, Godfrey A, et al. Inertial sensor technology for elite swimming performance analysis: A systematic review. Sensors, 2016;16:18.

Morais JE, Barbosa TM, Garrido ND, et al. Agreement between different methods to measure the active drag coefficient in front-crawl swimming. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2023;86:41.

Moriyama SI, Watanabe Y, Kurono T, et al. Effect of additional buoyancy swimsuits on performance of competitive swimmers. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2021;14(1).

Mousavi L, Seidi F, Minoonejad H, et al. Prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2022;8(3):e001312.

Muratlı, S., & Çetin, E. (2011). Spor biyomekaniği. Ankara: Başak Matbaacılık.

Naemi R, Easson WJ, Sanders RH. Hydrodynamic glide efficiency in swimming. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2010;13(4):444-451.

O'Connor LM, Vozenilek JA. Is it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2011;25(12):3239-3241.

Papic C, McCabe C, Gonjo T, et al. Effect of torso morphology on maximum hydrodynamic resistance in front crawl swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 2023;22(8):982-996.

Payton CJ, Baltzopoulous V, Bartlett R. Contributions of rotations of the trunk and upper extremity to hand velocity during front crawl swimming. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2002;18:243-256.

Psycharakis SG, Coleman SG. Which phases of the stroke cycle are propulsive in front crawl swimming? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2023;1-9.

Psycharakis SG, McCabe C. Shoulder and hip roll differences between breathing and non-breathing conditions in front crawl swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 2011;44(9):1752-1756.

Psycharakis SG, Sanders, RH. Shoulder and hip roll changes during 200-m front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2008;40(12):2129-2136.

Pyne DB, Sharp RL. Physical and energy requirements of competitive swimming events. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014;24(4):351-359.

Santos CC, Marinho DA, Neiva HP, et al. Propulsive forces in human competitive swimming: A systematic review on direct assessment methods: Propulsive forces in competitive swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 2021;1-21.

Schleihauf, R. E. (1988). Propulsive techniques: front crawl stroke, butterfly, back stroke, and Breaststroke. Swimming Science, 53-59.

Schleihauf, R. E., Higgins, J., Hinricks, R., Luedtke, D., Maglischo, C. W, Maglischo, E. W, & Thayer, A. (1984). Biomechanics of swimming propulsion. In ASCA World Clinic Yearbook, edited by T.R. Welsh, 19-24. Fort Lauderdale, FL: American Swimming Coaches Association.

Silvia, E. C. (1970). Manual and lesson plans for basic swimming, water stunts, life saving, springboard diving, skin and scuba diving. Springfield, Mass.: published by the author.

Stosic J, Veiga S, Trinidad A, et al. How should the transition from underwater to surface swimming be performed by competitive swimmers?. Applied Sciences, 2020;11(1):122.

Thomas, D. (2015). Yüzme adım adım başarı. İstanbul: Ekin Yayın Grubu.

Tor E, Pease DL, Ball KA. How does drag affect the underwater phase of a swimming start? Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2015;31(1):8-12.

Toussaint, H. M. (2016). Biomechanics of propulsion and drag in front crawl swimming. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.

Toussaint HM, Beek PJ. Biomechanics of competitive front crawl swimming. Sports Medicine, 1992;13:8-24.

Toussaint HM, Van den Berg C, Beek WJ. " Pumped-up propulsion" during front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002;34(2):314-319.

Troup JP. The physiology and biomechanics of competitive swimming. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 1999;18(2):267-285.

Umek A, Kos A. Wearable sensors and smart equipment for feedback in watersports. Procedia Computer Science, 2018;129:496-502.

Van Houwelingen J, Schreven S, Smeets JB, et al. Effective propulsion in swimming: grasping the hydrodynamics of hand and arm movements. Journal of applied biomechanics, 2017;33(1):87-100.

Vorontsov AR, Rumyantsev VA. Propulsive forces in swimming. Biomechanics in sport: Performance enhancement and injury prevention, 2000;205-231.

Wang, Z., Shi, X., Wang, J., Gao, F., Li, J., Guo, M., Zhao, H., & Qiu, S. (2019). Swimming motion analysis and posture recognition based on wearable inertial sensors. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 3371-3376.

Watanabe Y, Wakayoshi K, Nomura T. New evaluation index for the retainability of a swimmer’s horizontal posture. PLoS One, 2017;12(5)e0177368

White, F. M. (2019). Akışkanlar Mekaniği. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.

Yanai T. Buoyancy is the primary source of generating bodyroll in front-crawl swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 2004;37(5):605-612.

Yanai T, Wilson BD. How does buoyancy influence front‐crawl performance? Exploring the assumptions. Sports Technology, 2008;1(2-3):89-99.

Yfanti M, Samara A, Kazantzidis P, et al. Swimming as physical activity and recreation for women. TIMS Acta, 2014;8(2):137-145.

Young, M. (2010). The complete guide to simple swimming. Hertfordshire, UK: Educate & Learn Publishing.

Yuan ZM, Li M, Ji CY, et al. Steady hydrodynamic interaction between human swimmers. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2019;16(150):20180768.

Zamparo P, Gatta G, Pendergast D, et al. Active and passive drag: The role of trunk incline. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2009;106(2):195-205.

Alley LE. An analysis of water resistance and propulsion in swimming the crawl stroke. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1952;23(3):253-270.

Andersen JT, Sinclair PJ, McCabe CB, et al. Kinematic differences in shoulder roll and hip roll at different front crawl speeds in national level swimmers. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 2020;34(1):20-25.

Bächlin M, Tröster G. Swimming performance and technique evaluation with wearable acceleration sensors. Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2012;8(1):68-81.

Barbosa TM, Marinho DA, Costa MJ, et al. Biomechanics of competitive swimming strokes. Biomechanics in Applications, 2011;367-388.

Barbosa TM, Yam JW, Lum D, et al. Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation. Scientific Reports, 2020;10:8464.

Bíró, M, Révész, L, Hidvégi, P. (2015). Swimming. Eszterházy Károly Catholic University: EKC Líceum Press.

Bozdoğan, A. (2003). Yüzme fizyoloji mekanik metod. İstanbul: İlpress Basım ve Yayın.

Bozdoğan, A., Özüak, A. (2010). Stilleriyle temel yüzme. İstanbul: İlpress Basım ve Yayın.

Brown, R. M., Counsilman, J. E. (1971). The role of lift in propelling swimmers. In Biomechanics, edited by J. M. Cooper, 179-88. Chicago, IL: Athletic Institute

Cappaert, J. M. (1999). Biomechanics of swimming analysed by three-dimensional techniques. In K. Keskinen, P. Komi, & A. P. Hollander (Eds.), Biomechanics and medicine in swimming VIII: Proceedings of the VIII International Symposium on Biomechanics and Medicine in Swimming (pp. 141–145). Jyva¨skyla¨, Finland: University of Jyva¨skyla¨ Press.

Caty V, Aujouannet Y, Hintzy F, et al. Wrist stabilisation and forearm muscle coactivation during freestyle swimming. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 2007;17:285–291.

Chollet D, Chalies S, Chatard JC. A new index of coordination for the crawl: Description and usefulness. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2000;21(01):54-59.

Cohen RC, Cleary PW, Mason BR, et al. Forces during front crawl swimming at different stroke rates. Sports Engineering, 2018;21:63-73.

Counsilman JE. Forces in swimming two types of crawl stroke. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1955;26(2):127-139.

Counsilman, J. E. (1968). The Science of Swimming.-New Jersey Prentice.

Craig Jr AB, Pendergast DR. Relationships of stroke rate, distance per stroke, and velocity in competitive swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports, 1979;11(3):278-283.

Çengel, Y. A. & Cimbala, J. M. (2020). Akışkanlar mekaniği temelleri ve uygulamaları. Ankara: Palme Yayınevi.

Di Palma D, Ascione A. New Technologies in Swimming Sports. Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport and Inclusive Didactics, 2018;2(2).

Figueiredo P, Sanders R, Gorski T, et al. Kinematic and electromyographic changes during 200 m front crawl at race pace. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2013;34(01):49-55.

Floryan D, Van Buren T, Smits AJ. Forces and energetics of intermittent swimming. Acta Mechanica Sinica, 2017;33:725-732.

Gourgoulis V, Aggeloussis N, Vezos N, et al. Estimation of hand forces and propelling efficiency during front crawl swimming with hand paddles. Journal of Biomechanics, 2008;41:208–215.

Gourgoulis V., Antoniou P, Aggeloussis N, et al. Kinematic characteristics of the stroke and orientation of the hand during front crawl resisted swimming. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2010;28(11):1165-1173.

Grimshaw, P. (2019). Swimming. In Instant Notes in Sport and Exercise Biomechanics (pp. 296-309). Garland Science.

Hagem RM, O'Keefe SG, Fickenscher T, et al. Self contained adaptable optical wireless communications system for stroke rate during swimming. IEEE Sensors Journal, 2013;13(8):3144-3151.

Hannula D. (2001) The Swim Coaching Bible. Human Kinetics, 21-133.

Hannula, D. & Thornton, N. (2012). The swim coaching bible. Champaign: Human Kinetics.

Holt, L. E., & Holt, J. B. (1989). Swimming velocity with and without lift forces. Unpublished paper, Sports Sciences Laboratory, Canada: Dalhousie University.

Hyodo H, Koga D, Sengoku Y, et al. Relationship between swimming velocity and trunk twist motion in short-distance crawl swimming. Biomechanics, 2023;3(2):193-203.

İnal, S. (2017). Spor ve egzersizde vücut biyomekaniği. Ankara: Hipokrat Kitabevi.

Kıstak-Altan BK, Ercin CB, Bingul BM, et al. The kinematic analysis of 3 repeated 200 metres freestyle swimming performances of swimmers aged 13-15 years. International Journal of Curriculum and Instruction, 2022;14(1):894-904.

Kistak, B. (2016) 13-15 yaş grubu serbest stil erkek yüzücülerin 3 tekrarlı 200m performanslarına bağlı kinematik parametrelerin analizi (Master's thesis, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).

Learning, L. (2021). Archimedes’ Principle. Fundamentals of Heat, Light & Sound.

Lee JB, Burkett BJ, Thiel DV, et al. Inertial sensor, 3D and 2D assessment of stroke phases in freestyle swimming. Procedia Engineering, 2011;13:148-153.

Lee J, Mellifont R, Winstanley J, et al. Body roll in simulated freestyle swimming. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2008;29(7):569-573.

Magalhaes FAD, Vannozzi G, Gatta G, et al. Wearable inertial sensors in swimming motion analysis: A systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2015;33(7):732-745.

Magel, JR. Propelling force measured during tethered swimming in the four competitive swimming styles. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation, 1970;41(1):68-74.

Maglischo CW, Maglischo EW, Higgins J, et al. A biomechanical analysis of the 1984 US Olympic swimming team: The distance freestylers. Journal of Swimming Research, 1986;2(3):12-16.

Maglischo, E. W. (2018). Swimming fastest. İstanbul: Ekin Yayın Grubu.

McCabe CB, Sanders RH. Kinematic differences between front crawl sprint and distance swimmers at a distance pace. Journal of Sports Sciences, 2012; 30(6):601–608.

McCabe CB, Sanders RH, Psycharakis SG. Upper limb kinematic differences between breathing and non-breathing conditions in front crawl sprint swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 2015;48(15):3995-4001.

McFall TA, Griffith AL, Rotthoff KW. The impact of technology and rule changes on elite swimming performances. The Economics of Aquatic Sports, 2020;77-92.

McGill, N. (2016). Swimming: Stay afloat for better health.

McLean SP, Hinrichs RN. Sex differences in the centre of buoyancy location of competitive swimmers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 1998;16(4):373-83.

McLean SP, Hinrichs RN. Buoyancy, gender, and swimming performance. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2000;16(3):248-263.

McMaster WC, Troup JP. Competitive swimming biomechanics: Freestyle. The International SportMed Journal, 2001;2(6):1-8.

Mikhailov, G. K. (2005). Daniel bernoulli, hydrodynamica (1738). In Landmark Writings in Western Mathematics 1640-1940 (pp. 131-142). Elsevier Science.

Millet GP, Chollet D, Chalies S, et al. Coordination in front crawl in elite triathletes and elite swimmers. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 2002;23(02):99-104.

Mooney R, Corley G, Godfrey A, et al. Inertial sensor technology for elite swimming performance analysis: A systematic review. Sensors, 2016;16:18.

Morais JE, Barbosa TM, Garrido ND, et al. Agreement between different methods to measure the active drag coefficient in front-crawl swimming. Journal of Human Kinetics, 2023;86:41.

Moriyama SI, Watanabe Y, Kurono T, et al. Effect of additional buoyancy swimsuits on performance of competitive swimmers. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 2021;14(1).

Mousavi L, Seidi F, Minoonejad H, et al. Prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis in athletes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine, 2022;8(3):e001312.

Muratlı, S., & Çetin, E. (2011). Spor biyomekaniği. Ankara: Başak Matbaacılık.

Naemi R, Easson WJ, Sanders RH. Hydrodynamic glide efficiency in swimming. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2010;13(4):444-451.

O'Connor LM, Vozenilek JA. Is it the athlete or the equipment? An analysis of the top swim performances from 1990 to 2010. The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 2011;25(12):3239-3241.

Papic C, McCabe C, Gonjo T, et al. Effect of torso morphology on maximum hydrodynamic resistance in front crawl swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 2023;22(8):982-996.

Payton CJ, Baltzopoulous V, Bartlett R. Contributions of rotations of the trunk and upper extremity to hand velocity during front crawl swimming. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2002;18:243-256.

Psycharakis SG, Coleman SG. Which phases of the stroke cycle are propulsive in front crawl swimming? Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 2023;1-9.

Psycharakis SG, McCabe C. Shoulder and hip roll differences between breathing and non-breathing conditions in front crawl swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 2011;44(9):1752-1756.

Psycharakis SG, Sanders, RH. Shoulder and hip roll changes during 200-m front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2008;40(12):2129-2136.

Pyne DB, Sharp RL. Physical and energy requirements of competitive swimming events. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2014;24(4):351-359.

Santos CC, Marinho DA, Neiva HP, et al. Propulsive forces in human competitive swimming: A systematic review on direct assessment methods: Propulsive forces in competitive swimming. Sports Biomechanics, 2021;1-21.

Schleihauf, R. E. (1988). Propulsive techniques: front crawl stroke, butterfly, back stroke, and Breaststroke. Swimming Science, 53-59.

Schleihauf, R. E., Higgins, J., Hinricks, R., Luedtke, D., Maglischo, C. W, Maglischo, E. W, & Thayer, A. (1984). Biomechanics of swimming propulsion. In ASCA World Clinic Yearbook, edited by T.R. Welsh, 19-24. Fort Lauderdale, FL: American Swimming Coaches Association.

Silvia, E. C. (1970). Manual and lesson plans for basic swimming, water stunts, life saving, springboard diving, skin and scuba diving. Springfield, Mass.: published by the author.

Stosic J, Veiga S, Trinidad A, et al. How should the transition from underwater to surface swimming be performed by competitive swimmers?. Applied Sciences, 2020;11(1):122.

Thomas, D. (2015). Yüzme adım adım başarı. İstanbul: Ekin Yayın Grubu.

Tor E, Pease DL, Ball KA. How does drag affect the underwater phase of a swimming start? Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 2015;31(1):8-12.

Toussaint, H. M. (2016). Biomechanics of propulsion and drag in front crawl swimming. In ISBS-Conference Proceedings Archive.

Toussaint HM, Beek PJ. Biomechanics of competitive front crawl swimming. Sports Medicine, 1992;13:8-24.

Toussaint HM, Van den Berg C, Beek WJ. " Pumped-up propulsion" during front crawl swimming. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 2002;34(2):314-319.

Troup JP. The physiology and biomechanics of competitive swimming. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 1999;18(2):267-285.

Umek A, Kos A. Wearable sensors and smart equipment for feedback in watersports. Procedia Computer Science, 2018;129:496-502.

Van Houwelingen J, Schreven S, Smeets JB, et al. Effective propulsion in swimming: grasping the hydrodynamics of hand and arm movements. Journal of applied biomechanics, 2017;33(1):87-100.

Vorontsov AR, Rumyantsev VA. Propulsive forces in swimming. Biomechanics in sport: Performance enhancement and injury prevention, 2000;205-231.

Wang, Z., Shi, X., Wang, J., Gao, F., Li, J., Guo, M., Zhao, H., & Qiu, S. (2019). Swimming motion analysis and posture recognition based on wearable inertial sensors. IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC), 3371-3376.

Watanabe Y, Wakayoshi K, Nomura T. New evaluation index for the retainability of a swimmer’s horizontal posture. PLoS One, 2017;12(5)e0177368

White, F. M. (2019). Akışkanlar Mekaniği. İstanbul: Literatür Yayıncılık.

Yanai T. Buoyancy is the primary source of generating bodyroll in front-crawl swimming. Journal of Biomechanics, 2004;37(5):605-612.

Yanai T, Wilson BD. How does buoyancy influence front‐crawl performance? Exploring the assumptions. Sports Technology, 2008;1(2-3):89-99.

Yfanti M, Samara A, Kazantzidis P, et al. Swimming as physical activity and recreation for women. TIMS Acta, 2014;8(2):137-145.

Young, M. (2010). The complete guide to simple swimming. Hertfordshire, UK: Educate & Learn Publishing.

Yuan ZM, Li M, Ji CY, et al. Steady hydrodynamic interaction between human swimmers. Journal of the Royal Society Interface, 2019;16(150):20180768.

Zamparo P, Gatta G, Pendergast D, et al. Active and passive drag: The role of trunk incline. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 2009;106(2):195-205.