Deepfake: Post-Truth Çağı İnsanlarında Fırsat ve Tehditlere Yönelik Algılar
Özet
Referanslar
Agarwal, S., Farid, H., Gu, Y., He, M., Nagano, K., & Li, H. (2019). Protecting World Leaders Against Deep Fakes. In CVPR Workshops, 1-8.
Ajder, H., Patrini, G., Cavalli, F., & Cullen, L., (2019). The State of Deepfakes: Landscape, Threats and Impact. DeepTrace. (24.11.2022 tarihinde https://regmedia.co.uk/2019/10/08/deepfake_report.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media And Face News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236.
Bazarkina, D., & Pashentsev, E. (2019). Artificial intelligence and new threats to international psychological security. Russia in global affairs, 17 (1), 147-170.
Berk, M. E. (2020). Dijital çağın yeni tehlikesi “deepfake”. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16 (28), 1508-1523.
Chandler, S. (2020). Why Deepfakes Are A Net Positive For Humanity. (21.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/03/09/why-deepfakes-are-a-net-positive-for-humanity/?sh=4f9a975c2f84 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Ching, T et al., (2018). Opportunities and Obstacles for Deep Learning in Biology and Medicine. Headline Review. 15 (141), 1-47.
Citron, D. K. & Chesney, R. (2019). Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security. California Law Review. 107, 1753-1820. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3213954
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. CA: Sage: Thousand Oaks.
Cruse, E. (2013). Using Educational Video in the Classroom: Theory, Research, and Practice. (17.02.2023 tarihinde www.safarimontage.com/pdfs/training/UsingEducationalVideoInTheClassroom.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Cole, S. (2018). We Are Truly Fucked: Everyone Is Making AI-Generated Fake Porn Now. (16.02.2023 tarihinde https://www.vice.com/en/article/bjye8a/reddit-fake-porn-app-daisy-ridley adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Demircan, B. (2021). “Gördüğün Her Şeye İnanma”: Derin Sahte Çalışmaları Üzerine Bir Doküman Analizi. TRT Akademi, 6 (13), 728-747.
Fagni, T., Falchi, F., Gambini, M., Martella, A., & Tesconi, M. (2021). TweepFake: About detecting deepfake tweets. PLOS ONE, 16 (5), 1-16.
Hovland, C. I., and Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effect- iveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15 (4), 635–50.
Karakoç, E., ve Zeybek, B. (2022). Görmek İnanmaya Yeter Mi? Görsel Dezenformasyonun Ayırt Edici Biçimi Olarak Siyasi Deepfake İçerikler. Öneri Dergisi, 17 (57), 50-72.
Kensinger, E. (2007). Negative Emotion Enhances Memory Accuracy: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16 (4), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00506.x
Kietzmann, J., Mills, A. J. & Plangger, K. (2020). Deepfakes: Perspectives on the Future “Reality” of Advertising and Branding. The Review of Marketing Communications, 40 (3), 473-485, DOI: 10.1080/02650487.2020.1834211
LeCompte, M. D., & Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research. Review of Educational Research, 52 (1), 31-60.
Licklider, J. C. R. (1960). Man-computer symbiosis. Human Factors in Electronics, IRE Transactions on, (1), 4-11.
López-Gil, J. M., Gil, R., & García, R. (2022). Do Deepfakes Adequately Display Emotions? A Study on Deepfake Facial Emotion Expression. Computational intelligence and neuroscience, 2022, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1332122
Lucas, K. T. (2022). Deepfakes and domestic violence: perpetrating intimate partner abuse using video technology. Victims & Offenders, 17 (5), 647-659.
Maddocks, S., (2020). ‘A Deepfake Porn Plot Intended to Silence Me’: Exploring Continuities Between Pornographic and ‘Political’ Deep Fakes, Porn Studies, 7 (4), 415-423.
Mori, M. (1970). The Uncanny Valley. IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE (Translated by Karl F. MacDorman and Norri Kageki), 98-100. (23.08.2023 tarihinde https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-uncanny-valley adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, Q. V. H., Nguyen, D. T., Nguyen, D. T., Huynh-The, T., Nahavandi, S., ... & Nguyen, C. M. (2022). Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection: A survey. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 223 (2022), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2022.103525
Nightingale, S. J. & Farid, H. (2022). AI-synthesized faces are indistinguishable from real faces and more trustworthy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (8), 1-3. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120481119.
Özdemir, Ş. (2021). Yeni Nesil Tehdit: Derin Kurgu (DeepFake). TRT Akademi, 6 (13), 904-917.
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. Penguin Press, New York.
Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Service Research, 34 (5), 1189-1208.
Tammekänd, J., Thomas, J., & Peterson, K. (2020). Deepfakes 2020: The Current Threat Landscape, its Impact on the U.S 2020 Elections, and the Coming of AI-Generated Events at Scale. Sentinel. (13.08.2023 tarihinde https://thesentinel.ai/media/Deepfakes%202020:%20The%20Tipping%20Point,%20Sentinel.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Temir, E. (2020). Deepfake: new era in the age of disinformation & end of reliable journalism. Selçuk İletişim, 13 (2), 1009-1024.
Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes and disinformation: Exploring the impact of synthetic political video on deception, uncertainty, and trust in news. Social Media+ Society, 6 (1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903408
Venkatararamakrishnan, S. (2019). Can you believe your eyes? How deepfakes are coming for politics. Financial Times. (19.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.ft.com/content/4bf4277c-f527-11e9-a79c-bc9acae3b654 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Villasenor, J., 2019. Artificial intelligence, deepfakes, and the uncertain future of truth, Brookings Institution. United States of America. (23.08.2023 tarihinde https://policycommons.net/artifacts/4136266/artificial-intelligence-deepfakes-and-the-uncertain-future-of-truth/4944448/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359 (6380), 1146-1151.
Wagner, T., & Blewer, A. (2019). “The Word Real Is No Longer Real”: Deepfakes, Gender, and the Challenges of AI-Altered Video. Open Information Science 3 (1), 32-46.
WHO. (2020). Immunizing the public against misinformation. (09.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/immunizing-the-public-against-misinformation adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yıldırım, A., ve Yolcu, E. (2022). Sahte Ne Kadar Derin? Derin Sahte (Deepfake) Kavramının İzini Youtube Üzerinden Sürmek. Elektronik Cumhuriyet İletişim Dergisi, 4 (1), 63-74.
Yurkova, O. (2018). Savaş ve çatışmalara neden olan 3 sahte haber (12.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-43908746 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Referanslar
Agarwal, S., Farid, H., Gu, Y., He, M., Nagano, K., & Li, H. (2019). Protecting World Leaders Against Deep Fakes. In CVPR Workshops, 1-8.
Ajder, H., Patrini, G., Cavalli, F., & Cullen, L., (2019). The State of Deepfakes: Landscape, Threats and Impact. DeepTrace. (24.11.2022 tarihinde https://regmedia.co.uk/2019/10/08/deepfake_report.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Allcott, H., & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social Media And Face News in the 2016 Election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236.
Bazarkina, D., & Pashentsev, E. (2019). Artificial intelligence and new threats to international psychological security. Russia in global affairs, 17 (1), 147-170.
Berk, M. E. (2020). Dijital çağın yeni tehlikesi “deepfake”. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16 (28), 1508-1523.
Chandler, S. (2020). Why Deepfakes Are A Net Positive For Humanity. (21.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/03/09/why-deepfakes-are-a-net-positive-for-humanity/?sh=4f9a975c2f84 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Ching, T et al., (2018). Opportunities and Obstacles for Deep Learning in Biology and Medicine. Headline Review. 15 (141), 1-47.
Citron, D. K. & Chesney, R. (2019). Deep Fakes: A Looming Challenge for Privacy, Democracy, and National Security. California Law Review. 107, 1753-1820. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3213954
Creswell, J. W. (2007). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches. CA: Sage: Thousand Oaks.
Cruse, E. (2013). Using Educational Video in the Classroom: Theory, Research, and Practice. (17.02.2023 tarihinde www.safarimontage.com/pdfs/training/UsingEducationalVideoInTheClassroom.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Cole, S. (2018). We Are Truly Fucked: Everyone Is Making AI-Generated Fake Porn Now. (16.02.2023 tarihinde https://www.vice.com/en/article/bjye8a/reddit-fake-porn-app-daisy-ridley adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Demircan, B. (2021). “Gördüğün Her Şeye İnanma”: Derin Sahte Çalışmaları Üzerine Bir Doküman Analizi. TRT Akademi, 6 (13), 728-747.
Fagni, T., Falchi, F., Gambini, M., Martella, A., & Tesconi, M. (2021). TweepFake: About detecting deepfake tweets. PLOS ONE, 16 (5), 1-16.
Hovland, C. I., and Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effect- iveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15 (4), 635–50.
Karakoç, E., ve Zeybek, B. (2022). Görmek İnanmaya Yeter Mi? Görsel Dezenformasyonun Ayırt Edici Biçimi Olarak Siyasi Deepfake İçerikler. Öneri Dergisi, 17 (57), 50-72.
Kensinger, E. (2007). Negative Emotion Enhances Memory Accuracy: Behavioral and Neuroimaging Evidence. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16 (4), 213-218. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00506.x
Kietzmann, J., Mills, A. J. & Plangger, K. (2020). Deepfakes: Perspectives on the Future “Reality” of Advertising and Branding. The Review of Marketing Communications, 40 (3), 473-485, DOI: 10.1080/02650487.2020.1834211
LeCompte, M. D., & Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of Reliability and Validity in Ethnographic Research. Review of Educational Research, 52 (1), 31-60.
Licklider, J. C. R. (1960). Man-computer symbiosis. Human Factors in Electronics, IRE Transactions on, (1), 4-11.
López-Gil, J. M., Gil, R., & García, R. (2022). Do Deepfakes Adequately Display Emotions? A Study on Deepfake Facial Emotion Expression. Computational intelligence and neuroscience, 2022, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1332122
Lucas, K. T. (2022). Deepfakes and domestic violence: perpetrating intimate partner abuse using video technology. Victims & Offenders, 17 (5), 647-659.
Maddocks, S., (2020). ‘A Deepfake Porn Plot Intended to Silence Me’: Exploring Continuities Between Pornographic and ‘Political’ Deep Fakes, Porn Studies, 7 (4), 415-423.
Mori, M. (1970). The Uncanny Valley. IEEE ROBOTICS & AUTOMATION MAGAZINE (Translated by Karl F. MacDorman and Norri Kageki), 98-100. (23.08.2023 tarihinde https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-uncanny-valley adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Nguyen, T. T., Nguyen, Q. V. H., Nguyen, D. T., Nguyen, D. T., Huynh-The, T., Nahavandi, S., ... & Nguyen, C. M. (2022). Deep learning for deepfakes creation and detection: A survey. Computer Vision and Image Understanding, 223 (2022), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cviu.2022.103525
Nightingale, S. J. & Farid, H. (2022). AI-synthesized faces are indistinguishable from real faces and more trustworthy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 119 (8), 1-3. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2120481119.
Özdemir, Ş. (2021). Yeni Nesil Tehdit: Derin Kurgu (DeepFake). TRT Akademi, 6 (13), 904-917.
Pariser, E. (2011). The Filter Bubble: What the Internet Is Hiding from You. Penguin Press, New York.
Patton, M. Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. Health Service Research, 34 (5), 1189-1208.
Tammekänd, J., Thomas, J., & Peterson, K. (2020). Deepfakes 2020: The Current Threat Landscape, its Impact on the U.S 2020 Elections, and the Coming of AI-Generated Events at Scale. Sentinel. (13.08.2023 tarihinde https://thesentinel.ai/media/Deepfakes%202020:%20The%20Tipping%20Point,%20Sentinel.pdf adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Temir, E. (2020). Deepfake: new era in the age of disinformation & end of reliable journalism. Selçuk İletişim, 13 (2), 1009-1024.
Vaccari, C., & Chadwick, A. (2020). Deepfakes and disinformation: Exploring the impact of synthetic political video on deception, uncertainty, and trust in news. Social Media+ Society, 6 (1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305120903408
Venkatararamakrishnan, S. (2019). Can you believe your eyes? How deepfakes are coming for politics. Financial Times. (19.03.2023 tarihinde https://www.ft.com/content/4bf4277c-f527-11e9-a79c-bc9acae3b654 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Villasenor, J., 2019. Artificial intelligence, deepfakes, and the uncertain future of truth, Brookings Institution. United States of America. (23.08.2023 tarihinde https://policycommons.net/artifacts/4136266/artificial-intelligence-deepfakes-and-the-uncertain-future-of-truth/4944448/ adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Vosoughi, S., Roy, D. & Aral, S. (2018). The spread of true and false news online. Science, 359 (6380), 1146-1151.
Wagner, T., & Blewer, A. (2019). “The Word Real Is No Longer Real”: Deepfakes, Gender, and the Challenges of AI-Altered Video. Open Information Science 3 (1), 32-46.
WHO. (2020). Immunizing the public against misinformation. (09.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/immunizing-the-public-against-misinformation adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
Yıldırım, A., ve Şimşek, H. (2018). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Yıldırım, A., ve Yolcu, E. (2022). Sahte Ne Kadar Derin? Derin Sahte (Deepfake) Kavramının İzini Youtube Üzerinden Sürmek. Elektronik Cumhuriyet İletişim Dergisi, 4 (1), 63-74.
Yurkova, O. (2018). Savaş ve çatışmalara neden olan 3 sahte haber (12.04.2023 tarihinde https://www.bbc.com/turkce/haberler-dunya-43908746 adresinden ulaşılmıştır).
