Farklı Yoğunlukta Uygulanan Egzersizin Serebral Kan Akışına ve Bilişsel Fonksiyonlar Üzerine Etkisi

ACSM. (2013). ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Barry, B. K., & Enoka, R. M. (2007). The neurobiology of muscle fatigue: 15 years later. Integrative and comparative biology, 47(4), 465-473.

Bhambhani, Y., Malik, R., & Mookerjee, S. (2007). Cerebral oxygenation declines at exercise intensities above the respiratory compensation threshold. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 156(2), 196-202.

Boas, D. A., Elwell, C. E., Ferrari, M., & Taga, G. (2014). Twenty years of functional near-infrared spectroscopy: introduction for the special issue. Neuroimage, 85, 1-5.

Bue-Estes, C. L., Willer, B., Burton, H., Leddy, J. J., Wilding, G. E., & Horvath, P. J. (2008). Short-term exercise to exhaustion and its effects on cognitive function in young women. Perceptual and motor skills, 107(3), 933-945.

Burnley, M., Vanhatalo, A., & Jones, A. M. (2012). Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 113(2), 215-223.

Carter, C. S., Macdonald, A. M., Botvinick, M., Ross, L. L., Stenger, V. A., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (2000). Parsing executive processes: strategic vs. evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 97(4), 1944-1948.

Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research, 1453, 87-101.

Colcombe, S. J., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P. E., Kim, J. S., Prakash, R., McAuley, E., Elavsky, S., Marquez, D. X., Hu, L., & Kramer, A. F. (2006). Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(11), 1166-1170.

De Souto Barreto, P., Delrieu, J., Andrieu, S., Vellas, B., & Rolland, Y. (2016). Physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: an analysis of 104,909 people from 20 countries. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(11), 1515-1524.

Ehlis, A., Herrmann, M., Wagener, A., & Fallgatter, A. (2005). Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy detects specific inferior-frontal activation during incongruent Stroop trials. Biological psychology, 69(3), 315-331.

Ekblom, B., & Golobarg, A. N. (1971). The influence of physical training and other factors on the subjective rating of perceived exertion. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 83(3), 399-406.

Endo, K., Matsukawa, K., Liang, N., Nakatsuka, C., Tsuchimochi, H., Okamura, H., & Hamaoka, T. (2013). Dynamic exercise improves cognitive function in association with increased prefrontal oxygenation. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 63(4), 287-298.

Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., & White, S. M. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 108(7), 3017-3022.

Fery, Y., Ferry, A., Hofe, A. V., & Rieu, M. (1997). Effect of physical exhaustion on cognitive functioning. Perceptual and motor skills, 84(1), 291-298.

Fox, E. L., Bowers, R. W., & Foss, M. L. (1989). The physiological basis of physical education and athletics. William C Brown Pub.

Friedman, D., Friberg, L., Mitchell, J., & Secher, N. (1991). Effect of axillary blockade on regional cerebral blood flow during static handgrip. Journal of applied physiology, 71(2), 651-656.

Giller, C. A., Giller, A. M., Cooper, C. R., & Hatab, M. R. (2000). Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip. Journal of applied physiology, 88(6), 2205-2213.

Globus, M., Melamed, E., Keren, A., Tzivoni, D., Granot, C., Lavy, S., & Stern, S. (1983). Effect of exercise on cerebral circulation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 3(3), 287-290.

Günay, M., Tamer, K., & Cicioğlu, H. (2013). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Gazi Kitapevi.

Heckmann, J., Hilz, M., Mück-Weymann, M., & Neundörfer, B. (2000). Transcranial Doppler sonography–ergometer test for the non-invasive assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in humans. Journal of the neurological sciences, 177(1), 41-47.

Hellstrom, G., Fischer-Colbrie, W., Wahlgren, N., & Jogestrand, T. (1996). Carotid artery blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during physical exercise. Journal of applied physiology, 81(1), 413-418.

Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature reviews neuroscience, 9(1), 58-65.

Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Castelli, D. M., Khan, N. A., Raine, L. B., Scudder, M. R., Drollette, E. S., Moore, R. D., Wu, C.-T., & Kamijo, K. (2014). Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function. Pediatrics, 134(4), e1063-e1071.

Hogervorst, E., Riedel, W., Jeukendrup, A., & Jolles, J. (1996). Cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise. Perceptual and motor skills, 83(2), 479-488.

Jones, A. M., Wilkerson, D. P., DiMenna, F., Fulford, J., & Poole, D. C. (2008). Muscle metabolic responses to exercise above and below the “critical power” assessed using 31P-MRS. American journal of physiology-regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 294(2), R585-R593.

Jorgensen, L. G., Perko, G., & Secher, N. H. (1992). Regional cerebral artery mean flow velocity and blood flow during dynamic exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 73(5), 1825-1830.

Kleinerman, J., & Sancetta, S. (1955). Effect of mild steady state exercise on cerebral and general hemodynamics of normal untrained subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 34(6), 945-946.

Lambourne, K., & Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis. Brain research, 1341, 12-24.

Lautenschlager, N. T., Cox, K. L., Flicker, L., Foster, J. K., Van Bockxmeer, F. M., Xiao, J., Greenop, K. R., & Almeida, O. P. (2008). Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial. Jama, 300(9), 1027-1037.

Leung, H.-C., Skudlarski, P., Gatenby, J. C., Peterson, B. S., & Gore, J. C. (2000). An event-related functional MRI study of the Stroop color word interference task. Cerebral cortex, 10(6), 552-560.

Lucas, S. J., Cotter, J. D., Brassard, P., & Bailey, D. M. (2015). High-intensity interval exercise and cerebrovascular health: curiosity, cause, and consequence. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 35(6), 902-911.

Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Brand, S., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2016). Acute effects of moderate aerobic exercise on specific aspects of executive function in different age and fitness groups: A meta‐analysis. Psychophysiology, 53(11), 1611-1626.

McMorris, T., & Graydon, J. (2000). The effect of incremental exercise on cognitive performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1), 66-81.

McMorris, T., Hale, B. J., Corbett, J., Robertson, K., & Hodgson, C. I. (2015). Does acute exercise affect the performance of whole-body, psychomotor skills in an inverted-U fashion? A meta-analytic investigation. Physiology & Behavior, 141, 180-189.

Moraine, J.-J., Lamotte, M., Berré, J., Niset, G., Leduc, A., & Naeijel, R. (1993). Relationship of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity to intensity during dynamic exercise in normal subjects. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 67(1), 35-38.

Nybo, L., & Nielsen, B. (2001). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity is reduced with hyperthermia during prolonged exercise in humans. The Journal of physiology, 534(1), 279-286.

Pontifex, M. B., McGowan, A. L., Chandler, M. C., Gwizdala, K. L., Parks, A. C., Fenn, K., & Kamijo, K. (2019). A primer on investigating the after effects of acute bouts of physical activity on cognition. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 40, 1-22.

Poulin, M. J., Syed, R. J., & Robbins, P. A. (1999). Assessments of flow by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the middle cerebral artery during exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 86(5), 1632-1637.

Querido, J. S., & Sheel, A. W. (2007). Regulation of cerebral blood flow during exercise. Sports medicine, 37(9), 765-782.

Richardson, J. T. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational research review, 6(2), 135-147.

Rovio, S., Kåreholt, I., Helkala, E.-L., Viitanen, M., Winblad, B., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., Nissinen, A., & Kivipelto, M. (2005). Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet Neurology, 4(11), 705-711.

Scheinberg, P., Blackburn, L. I., Rich, M., & Saslaw, M. (1954). Effects of vigorous physical exercise on cerebral circulation and metabolism. The American journal of medicine, 16(4), 549-554.

Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Kruggel, F., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2003). Age dependency of the hemodynamic response as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage, 19(3), 555-564.

Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Kupka, T., Kruggel, F., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2002). Near‐infrared spectroscopy can detect brain activity during a color–word matching Stroop task in an event‐related design. Human brain mapping, 17(1), 61-71.

Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Wahl, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2004). Prefrontal activation due to Stroop interference increases during development—an event-related fNIRS study. Neuroimage, 23(4), 1317-1325.

Shibuya, K., & Tachi, M. (2006). Oxygenation in the motor cortex during exhaustive pinching exercise. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 153(3), 261-266.

Smith, K. J., & Ainslie, P. N. (2017). Regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Experimental Physiology, 102(11), 1356-1371.

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology, 18(6), 643.

Suzuki, M., Miyai, I., Ono, T., Oda, I., Konishi, I., Kochiyama, T., & Kubota, K. (2004). Prefrontal and premotor cortices are involved in adapting walking and running speed on the treadmill: an optical imaging study. Neuroimage, 23(3), 1020-1026.

Thomas, S. N., Schroeder, T., Secher, N. H., & Mitchell, J. H. (1989). Cerebral blood flow during submaximal and maximal dynamic exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 67(2), 744-748.

Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Hall, C. B., Derby, C. A., Kuslansky, G., Ambrose, A. F., Sliwinski, M., & Buschke, H. (2003). Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(25), 2508-2516.

Yanagisawa, H., Dan, I., Tsuzuki, D., Kato, M., Okamoto, M., Kyutoku, Y., & Soya, H. (2010). Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. Neuroimage, 50(4), 1702-1710.

Zobl, E. G., Talmers, F. N., Christensen, R. C., & Baer, L. J. (1965). Effect of exercise on the cerebral circulation and metabolism. Journal of applied physiology, 20(6), 1289-1293.

ACSM. (2013). ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Barry, B. K., & Enoka, R. M. (2007). The neurobiology of muscle fatigue: 15 years later. Integrative and comparative biology, 47(4), 465-473.

Bhambhani, Y., Malik, R., & Mookerjee, S. (2007). Cerebral oxygenation declines at exercise intensities above the respiratory compensation threshold. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 156(2), 196-202.

Boas, D. A., Elwell, C. E., Ferrari, M., & Taga, G. (2014). Twenty years of functional near-infrared spectroscopy: introduction for the special issue. Neuroimage, 85, 1-5.

Bue-Estes, C. L., Willer, B., Burton, H., Leddy, J. J., Wilding, G. E., & Horvath, P. J. (2008). Short-term exercise to exhaustion and its effects on cognitive function in young women. Perceptual and motor skills, 107(3), 933-945.

Burnley, M., Vanhatalo, A., & Jones, A. M. (2012). Distinct profiles of neuromuscular fatigue during muscle contractions below and above the critical torque in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 113(2), 215-223.

Carter, C. S., Macdonald, A. M., Botvinick, M., Ross, L. L., Stenger, V. A., Noll, D., & Cohen, J. D. (2000). Parsing executive processes: strategic vs. evaluative functions of the anterior cingulate cortex. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 97(4), 1944-1948.

Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2012). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research, 1453, 87-101.

Colcombe, S. J., Erickson, K. I., Scalf, P. E., Kim, J. S., Prakash, R., McAuley, E., Elavsky, S., Marquez, D. X., Hu, L., & Kramer, A. F. (2006). Aerobic exercise training increases brain volume in aging humans. The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 61(11), 1166-1170.

De Souto Barreto, P., Delrieu, J., Andrieu, S., Vellas, B., & Rolland, Y. (2016). Physical activity and cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults: an analysis of 104,909 people from 20 countries. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 91(11), 1515-1524.

Ehlis, A., Herrmann, M., Wagener, A., & Fallgatter, A. (2005). Multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy detects specific inferior-frontal activation during incongruent Stroop trials. Biological psychology, 69(3), 315-331.

Ekblom, B., & Golobarg, A. N. (1971). The influence of physical training and other factors on the subjective rating of perceived exertion. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, 83(3), 399-406.

Endo, K., Matsukawa, K., Liang, N., Nakatsuka, C., Tsuchimochi, H., Okamura, H., & Hamaoka, T. (2013). Dynamic exercise improves cognitive function in association with increased prefrontal oxygenation. The Journal of Physiological Sciences, 63(4), 287-298.

Erickson, K. I., Voss, M. W., Prakash, R. S., Basak, C., Szabo, A., Chaddock, L., Kim, J. S., Heo, S., Alves, H., & White, S. M. (2011). Exercise training increases size of hippocampus and improves memory. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 108(7), 3017-3022.

Fery, Y., Ferry, A., Hofe, A. V., & Rieu, M. (1997). Effect of physical exhaustion on cognitive functioning. Perceptual and motor skills, 84(1), 291-298.

Fox, E. L., Bowers, R. W., & Foss, M. L. (1989). The physiological basis of physical education and athletics. William C Brown Pub.

Friedman, D., Friberg, L., Mitchell, J., & Secher, N. (1991). Effect of axillary blockade on regional cerebral blood flow during static handgrip. Journal of applied physiology, 71(2), 651-656.

Giller, C. A., Giller, A. M., Cooper, C. R., & Hatab, M. R. (2000). Evaluation of the cerebral hemodynamic response to rhythmic handgrip. Journal of applied physiology, 88(6), 2205-2213.

Globus, M., Melamed, E., Keren, A., Tzivoni, D., Granot, C., Lavy, S., & Stern, S. (1983). Effect of exercise on cerebral circulation. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 3(3), 287-290.

Günay, M., Tamer, K., & Cicioğlu, H. (2013). Spor fizyolojisi ve performans ölçümü. Gazi Kitapevi.

Heckmann, J., Hilz, M., Mück-Weymann, M., & Neundörfer, B. (2000). Transcranial Doppler sonography–ergometer test for the non-invasive assessment of cerebrovascular autoregulation in humans. Journal of the neurological sciences, 177(1), 41-47.

Hellstrom, G., Fischer-Colbrie, W., Wahlgren, N., & Jogestrand, T. (1996). Carotid artery blood flow and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity during physical exercise. Journal of applied physiology, 81(1), 413-418.

Hillman, C. H., Erickson, K. I., & Kramer, A. F. (2008). Be smart, exercise your heart: exercise effects on brain and cognition. Nature reviews neuroscience, 9(1), 58-65.

Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Castelli, D. M., Khan, N. A., Raine, L. B., Scudder, M. R., Drollette, E. S., Moore, R. D., Wu, C.-T., & Kamijo, K. (2014). Effects of the FITKids randomized controlled trial on executive control and brain function. Pediatrics, 134(4), e1063-e1071.

Hogervorst, E., Riedel, W., Jeukendrup, A., & Jolles, J. (1996). Cognitive performance after strenuous physical exercise. Perceptual and motor skills, 83(2), 479-488.

Jones, A. M., Wilkerson, D. P., DiMenna, F., Fulford, J., & Poole, D. C. (2008). Muscle metabolic responses to exercise above and below the “critical power” assessed using 31P-MRS. American journal of physiology-regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology, 294(2), R585-R593.

Jorgensen, L. G., Perko, G., & Secher, N. H. (1992). Regional cerebral artery mean flow velocity and blood flow during dynamic exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 73(5), 1825-1830.

Kleinerman, J., & Sancetta, S. (1955). Effect of mild steady state exercise on cerebral and general hemodynamics of normal untrained subjects. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 34(6), 945-946.

Lambourne, K., & Tomporowski, P. (2010). The effect of exercise-induced arousal on cognitive task performance: a meta-regression analysis. Brain research, 1341, 12-24.

Lautenschlager, N. T., Cox, K. L., Flicker, L., Foster, J. K., Van Bockxmeer, F. M., Xiao, J., Greenop, K. R., & Almeida, O. P. (2008). Effect of physical activity on cognitive function in older adults at risk for Alzheimer disease: a randomized trial. Jama, 300(9), 1027-1037.

Leung, H.-C., Skudlarski, P., Gatenby, J. C., Peterson, B. S., & Gore, J. C. (2000). An event-related functional MRI study of the Stroop color word interference task. Cerebral cortex, 10(6), 552-560.

Lucas, S. J., Cotter, J. D., Brassard, P., & Bailey, D. M. (2015). High-intensity interval exercise and cerebrovascular health: curiosity, cause, and consequence. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, 35(6), 902-911.

Ludyga, S., Gerber, M., Brand, S., Holsboer‐Trachsler, E., & Pühse, U. (2016). Acute effects of moderate aerobic exercise on specific aspects of executive function in different age and fitness groups: A meta‐analysis. Psychophysiology, 53(11), 1611-1626.

McMorris, T., & Graydon, J. (2000). The effect of incremental exercise on cognitive performance. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 31(1), 66-81.

McMorris, T., Hale, B. J., Corbett, J., Robertson, K., & Hodgson, C. I. (2015). Does acute exercise affect the performance of whole-body, psychomotor skills in an inverted-U fashion? A meta-analytic investigation. Physiology & Behavior, 141, 180-189.

Moraine, J.-J., Lamotte, M., Berré, J., Niset, G., Leduc, A., & Naeijel, R. (1993). Relationship of middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity to intensity during dynamic exercise in normal subjects. European journal of applied physiology and occupational physiology, 67(1), 35-38.

Nybo, L., & Nielsen, B. (2001). Middle cerebral artery blood velocity is reduced with hyperthermia during prolonged exercise in humans. The Journal of physiology, 534(1), 279-286.

Pontifex, M. B., McGowan, A. L., Chandler, M. C., Gwizdala, K. L., Parks, A. C., Fenn, K., & Kamijo, K. (2019). A primer on investigating the after effects of acute bouts of physical activity on cognition. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 40, 1-22.

Poulin, M. J., Syed, R. J., & Robbins, P. A. (1999). Assessments of flow by transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the middle cerebral artery during exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 86(5), 1632-1637.

Querido, J. S., & Sheel, A. W. (2007). Regulation of cerebral blood flow during exercise. Sports medicine, 37(9), 765-782.

Richardson, J. T. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational research review, 6(2), 135-147.

Rovio, S., Kåreholt, I., Helkala, E.-L., Viitanen, M., Winblad, B., Tuomilehto, J., Soininen, H., Nissinen, A., & Kivipelto, M. (2005). Leisure-time physical activity at midlife and the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The Lancet Neurology, 4(11), 705-711.

Scheinberg, P., Blackburn, L. I., Rich, M., & Saslaw, M. (1954). Effects of vigorous physical exercise on cerebral circulation and metabolism. The American journal of medicine, 16(4), 549-554.

Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Kruggel, F., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2003). Age dependency of the hemodynamic response as measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Neuroimage, 19(3), 555-564.

Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Kupka, T., Kruggel, F., & Von Cramon, D. Y. (2002). Near‐infrared spectroscopy can detect brain activity during a color–word matching Stroop task in an event‐related design. Human brain mapping, 17(1), 61-71.

Schroeter, M. L., Zysset, S., Wahl, M., & von Cramon, D. Y. (2004). Prefrontal activation due to Stroop interference increases during development—an event-related fNIRS study. Neuroimage, 23(4), 1317-1325.

Shibuya, K., & Tachi, M. (2006). Oxygenation in the motor cortex during exhaustive pinching exercise. Respiratory physiology & neurobiology, 153(3), 261-266.

Smith, K. J., & Ainslie, P. N. (2017). Regulation of cerebral blood flow and metabolism during exercise. Experimental Physiology, 102(11), 1356-1371.

Stroop, J. R. (1935). Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. Journal of experimental psychology, 18(6), 643.

Suzuki, M., Miyai, I., Ono, T., Oda, I., Konishi, I., Kochiyama, T., & Kubota, K. (2004). Prefrontal and premotor cortices are involved in adapting walking and running speed on the treadmill: an optical imaging study. Neuroimage, 23(3), 1020-1026.

Thomas, S. N., Schroeder, T., Secher, N. H., & Mitchell, J. H. (1989). Cerebral blood flow during submaximal and maximal dynamic exercise in humans. Journal of applied physiology, 67(2), 744-748.

Verghese, J., Lipton, R. B., Katz, M. J., Hall, C. B., Derby, C. A., Kuslansky, G., Ambrose, A. F., Sliwinski, M., & Buschke, H. (2003). Leisure activities and the risk of dementia in the elderly. New England Journal of Medicine, 348(25), 2508-2516.

Yanagisawa, H., Dan, I., Tsuzuki, D., Kato, M., Okamoto, M., Kyutoku, Y., & Soya, H. (2010). Acute moderate exercise elicits increased dorsolateral prefrontal activation and improves cognitive performance with Stroop test. Neuroimage, 50(4), 1702-1710.

Zobl, E. G., Talmers, F. N., Christensen, R. C., & Baer, L. J. (1965). Effect of exercise on the cerebral circulation and metabolism. Journal of applied physiology, 20(6), 1289-1293.