Hücre Bazlı Nanotaşıyıcı Sistemler-Eksozomlar
Özet
Ekstraselüler veziküller(EV), hücreler tarafından ekstraselüler boşluğa salgılanan lipide bağlı veziküllerdir. EV’lerden 40–100 nm çapında çift fosfolipit kaplı nanoveziküller olan eksozomlar, hücreler arası ortamın ayrılmaz parçasıdır ve hücreler arası iletişimin düzenleyicileridir. Hücre bazlı nanotaşıyıcılar ve EV’ler arasında en dikkat çeken ve ilaç taşıyıcı sistem olarak en uygun olanlar eksozomlardır. Yapılarında birçok biyolojik materyal içeren bu taşıyıcılara ilaçlar/aktif bileşenler de eklenebilir. Küçük boyutları ve hücre kaynaklı doğal ürün olmaları ile eksozomlar klasik ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlere kıyasla pek çok avantaja sahiptir. Hem ilaç yüklü hem de serbest eksozomlar, kanser başta olmak üzere pek çok hastalığın teşhis ve tedavisinde umut vadeden sistemlerdir.
Referanslar
Mendanha D, Vieira de Castro J, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Biomimetic and cell-based nanocarriers - New strategies for brain tumor targeting. Journal of Controlled Release. 2021;337:482-93.
Li A, Zhao J, Fu J, Cai J, Zhang P. Recent advances of biomimetic nano-systems in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021;16(2):161-74.
Doyle LM, Wang MZ. Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis. Cells. 2019;8(7).
Corrado C, Raimondo S, Chiesi A, Ciccia F, De Leo G, Alessandro R. Exosomes as intercellular signaling organelles involved in health and disease: basic science and clinical applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013;14(3):5338-66.
Trams EG, Lauter CJ, Salem N, Heine U. Exfoliation of membrane ecto-enzymes in the form of micro-vesicles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1981;645(1):63-70.
Johnstone RM, Adam M, Hammond JR, Orr L, Turbide C. Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes). Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1987;262(19):9412-20.
Chen Q, Bai H, Wu W, Huang G, Li Y, Wu M, et al. Bioengineering Bacterial Vesicle-Coated Polymeric Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy and Metastasis Prevention. Nano Letters. 2020;20(1):11-21.
Huang L, Hu C, Chao H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hou J, et al. Drug-resistant endothelial cells facilitate progression, EMT and chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via exosomes. Cellular Signalling. 2019;63:109385.
Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Z, et al. Exosomes as Drug Carriers in Anti-Cancer Therapy. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2022;10:728616.
Chen J, Chen J, Cheng Y, Fu Y, Zhao H, Tang M, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect beta cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via miR-21 by alleviating ER stress and inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Stem Cell Research and Therapy. 2020;11(1):97.
Filipović L, Kojadinović M, Popović M. Exosomes and exosome-mimetics as targeted drug carriers: Where we stand and what the future holds? Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;68.
Urbanelli L, Buratta S, Sagini K, Ferrara G, Lanni M, Emiliani C. Exosome-based strategies for Diagnosis and Therapy. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery. 2015;10(1):10-27.
Wu J, Qu Z, Fei ZW, Wu JH, Jiang CP. Role of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer. Oncology Letters. 2017;13(5):2855-66.
Bozkurt S. Eksozomlar ve Kanserdeki Rolleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2018;45(2):209-17.
Xu M, Ji J, Jin D, Wu Y, Wu T, Lin R, et al. The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases. Genes & Diseases. 2023;10(5):1894-907.
Gurung S, Perocheau D, Touramanidou L, Baruteau J. The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2021;19(1):47.
Chen J, Li P, Zhang T, Xu Z, Huang X, Wang R, et al. Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021;9:811971.
Mohammadi M, Zargartalebi H, Salahandish R, Aburashed R, Wey Yong K, Sanati-Nezhad A. Emerging technologies and commercial products in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2021;183:113176.
Thery C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2018;7(1):1535750.
Ha D, Yang N, Nadithe V. Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2016;6(4):287-96.
Lobb RJ, Becker M, Wen SW, Wong CS, Wiegmans AP, Leimgruber A, et al. Optimized exosome isolation protocol for cell culture supernatant and human plasma. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2015;4:27031.
Konoshenko MY, Lekchnov EA, Vlassov AV, Laktionov PP. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends. BioMed Research International. 2018;2018:8545347.
Greening DW, Xu R, Ji H, Tauro BJ, Simpson RJ. A protocol for exosome isolation and characterization: evaluation of ultracentrifugation, density-gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2015;1295:179-209.
Onodi Z, Pelyhe C, Terezia Nagy C, Brenner GB, Almasi L, Kittel A, et al. Isolation of High-Purity Extracellular Vesicles by the Combination of Iodixanol Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation and Bind-Elute Chromatography From Blood Plasma. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018;9:1479.
Sidhom K, Obi PO, Saleem A. A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(18).
Zhang Y, Bi J, Huang J, Tang Y, Du S, Li P. Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2020;15:6917-34.
Cho JH, Hong YD, Kim D, Park SJ, Kim JS, Kim H-M, et al. Confirmation of plant-derived exosomes as bioactive substances for skin application through comparative analysis of keratinocyte transcriptome. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2022;65(1).
Nemati M, Singh B, Mir RA, Nemati M, Babaei A, Ahmadi M, et al. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel nanomedicine approach with advantages and challenges. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2022;20(1):69.
Wu Y, Deng W, Klinke DJ, 2nd. Exosomes: improved methods to characterize their morphology, RNA content, and surface protein biomarkers. Analyst. 2015;140(19):6631-42.
Lyu TS, Ahn Y, Im YJ, Kim SS, Lee KH, Kim J, et al. The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation. PLOS One. 2021;16(1):e0231994.
Mehryab F, Rabbani S, Shahhosseini S, Shekari F, Fatahi Y, Baharvand H, et al. Exosomes as a next-generation drug delivery system: An update on drug loading approaches, characterization, and clinical application challenges. Acta Biomaterialia. 2020;113:42-62.
Kooijmans SAA, Stremersch S, Braeckmans K, de Smedt SC, Hendrix A, Wood MJA, et al. Electroporation-induced siRNA precipitation obscures the efficiency of siRNA loading into extracellular vesicles. Journal of Controlled Release. 2013;172(1):229-38.
Zhang W, Peng P, Kuang Y, Yang J, Cao D, You Y, et al. Characterization of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells and normal ovarian epithelial cells by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Tumour Biology. 2016;37(3):4213-21.
Soo CY, Song Y, Zheng Y, Campbell EC, Riches AC, Gunn-Moore F, et al. Nanoparticle tracking analysis monitors microvesicle and exosome secretion from immune cells. Immunology. 2012;136(2):192-7.
Hosseini-Beheshti E, Choi W, Weiswald LB, Kharmate G, Ghaffari M, Roshan-Moniri M, et al. Exosomes confer pro-survival signals to alter the phenotype of prostate cells in their surrounding environment. Oncotarget. 2016;7(12):14639-58.
Rikkert LG, Nieuwland R, Terstappen L, Coumans FAW. Quality of extracellular vesicle images by transmission electron microscopy is operator and protocol dependent. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2019;8(1):1555419.
Gonzalez-Villasana V, Rashed MH, Gonzalez-Cantu Y, Bayraktar R, Menchaca-Arredondo JL, Vazquez-Guillen JM, et al. Presence of Circulating miR-145, miR-155, and miR-382 in Exosomes Isolated from Serum of Breast Cancer Patients and Healthy Donors. Disease Markers. 2019;2019:6852917.
Parisse P, Rago I, Ulloa Severino L, Perissinotto F, Ambrosetti E, Paoletti P, et al. Atomic force microscopy analysis of extracellular vesicles. European Biophysics Journal. 2017;46(8):813-20.
Whitehead B, Wu L, Hvam ML, Aslan H, Dong M, Dyrskjot L, et al. Tumour exosomes display differential mechanical and complement activation properties dependent on malignant state: implications in endothelial leakiness. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2015;4:29685.
Sharma S, Rasool HI, Palanisamy V, Wong DT, Gimzewski JK. Structural-Mechanical Characterization ofNanoparticle Exosomes in Human Saliva, Using Correlative AFM, FESEM, and Force Spectroscopy. ACS Nano. 2010;4(4):1921-6.
Hussein MAM, Gunduz O, Sahin A, Grinholc M, El-Sherbiny IM, Megahed M. Dual Spinneret Electrospun Polyurethane/PVA-Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffolds Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil and Nanoceria for Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation. Molecules. 2022;27(7).
Liu L, Zhang H, Mao H, Li X, Hu Y. Exosomal miR-320d derived from adipose tissue-derived MSCs inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes with atrial fibrillation (AF). Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology. 2019;47(1):3976-84.
Sun D, Zhuang X, Xiang X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Liu C, et al. A novel nanoparticle drug delivery system: the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is enhanced when encapsulated in exosomes. Molecular Therapy. 2010;18(9):1606-14.
Abello J, Nguyen TDT, Marasini R, Aryal S, Weiss ML. Biodistribution of gadolinium- and near infrared-labeled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in tumor bearing mice. Theranostics. 2019;9(8):2325-45.
Garcia-Manrique P, Serrano-Pertierra E, Lozano-Andres E, Lopez-Martin S, Matos M, Gutierrez G, et al. Selected Tetraspanins Functionalized Niosomes as Potential Standards for Exosome Immunoassays. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020;10(5).
Zeringer E, Li M, Barta T, Schageman J, Pedersen KW, Neurauter A, et al. Methods for the extraction and RNA profiling of exosomes. World Journal of Methodology. 2013;3(1):11-8.
Logozzi M, De Milito A, Lugini L, Borghi M, Calabro L, Spada M, et al. High levels of exosomes expressing CD63 and caveolin-1 in plasma of melanoma patients. PLOS One. 2009;4(4):e5219.
Kim MS, Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Mahajan V, Deygen I, Klyachko NL, et al. Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells. Nanomedicine. 2016;12(3):655-64.
Xi XM, Xia SJ, Lu R. Drug loading techniques for exosome-based drug delivery systems. Pharmazie. 2021;76(2):61-7.
Jia G, Han Y, An Y, Ding Y, He C, Wang X, et al. NRP-1 targeted and cargo-loaded exosomes facilitate simultaneous imaging and therapy of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials. 2018;178:302-16.
Pullan JE, Confeld MI, Osborn JK, Kim J, Sarkar K, Mallik S. Exosomes as Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapy. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2019;16(5):1789-98.
Vashisht M, Rani P, Onteru SK, Singh D. Curcumin Encapsulated in Milk Exosomes Resists Human Digestion and Possesses Enhanced Intestinal Permeability in Vitro. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2017;183(3):993-1007.
Moosavian SA, Abnous K, Akhtari J, Arabi L, Gholamzade Dewin A, Jafari M. 5TR1 aptamer-PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin enhances cellular uptake and suppresses tumour growth by targeting MUC1 on the surface of cancer cells. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology. 2018;46(8):2054-65.
Qiao L, Hu S, Huang K, Su T, Li Z, Vandergriff A, et al. Tumor cell-derived exosomes home to their cells of origin and can be used as Trojan horses to deliver cancer drugs. Theranostics. 2020;10(8):3474-87.
Uslu D, Abas BI, Demirbolat GM, Cevik O. Effect of platelet exosomes loaded with doxorubicin as a targeted therapy on triple-negative breast cancer cells. Molecular Diversity. 2022.
Salarpour S, Forootanfar H, Pournamdari M, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M, Esmaeeli M, Pardakhty A. Paclitaxel incorporated exosomes derived from glioblastoma cells: comparative study of two loading techniques. DARU, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;27(2):533-9.
Haney MJ, Klyachko NL, Zhao Y, Gupta R, Plotnikova EG, He Z, et al. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy. Journal of Controlled Release. 2015;207:18-30.
Alvarez-Erviti L, Seow Y, Yin H, Betts C, Lakhal S, Wood MJ. Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes. Nature biotechnology. 2011;29(4):341-5.
Baulch JE, Acharya MM, Allen BD, Ru N, Chmielewski NN, Martirosian V, et al. Cranial grafting of stem cell-derived microvesicles improves cognition and reduces neuropathology in the irradiated brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016;113(17):4836-41.
Wang X, Tian L, Lu J, Ng IO. Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle. Oncogenesis. 2022;11(1):54.
Chen Q, Wu D, Wang Y, Chen Z. Exosomes as Novel Delivery Systems for Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules. 2022;27(22).
Mukhopadhya A, Tsiapalis D, McNamee N, Talbot B, O'Driscoll L. Doxorubicin Loading into Milk and Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(3).
Zhang X, Liu L, Tang M, Li H, Guo X, Yang X. The effects of umbilical cord-derived macrophage exosomes loaded with cisplatin on the growth and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2020;46(7):1150-62.
Lamichhane TN, Jeyaram A, Patel DB, Parajuli B, Livingston NK, Arumugasaamy N, et al. Oncogene Knockdown via Active Loading of Small RNAs into Extracellular Vesicles by Sonication. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. 2016;9(3):315-24.
Wang J, Yeung BZ, Cui M, Peer CJ, Lu Z, Figg WD, et al. Exosome is a mechanism of intercellular drug transfer: Application of quantitative pharmacology. Journal of Controlled Release. 2017;268:147-58.
Tian T, Zhang HX, He CP, Fan S, Zhu YL, Qi C, et al. Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy. Biomaterials. 2018;150:137-49.
Gehl J. Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 2003;177(4):437-47.
Pomatto MAC, Bussolati B, D'Antico S, Ghiotto S, Tetta C, Brizzi MF, et al. Improved Loading of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Encapsulate Antitumor miRNAs. Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development. 2019;13:133-44.
Lennaard AJ, Mamand DR, Wiklander RJ, El Andaloussi S, Wiklander OPB. Optimised Electroporation for Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics. 2021;14(1).
Wahlgren J, De LKT, Brisslert M, Vaziri Sani F, Telemo E, Sunnerhagen P, et al. Plasma exosomes can deliver exogenous short interfering RNA to monocytes and lymphocytes. Nucleic Acids Research. 2012;40(17):e130.
Rufino-Ramos D, Albuquerque PR, Carmona V, Perfeito R, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular vesicles: Novel promising delivery systems for therapy of brain diseases. Journal of Controlled Release. 2017;262:247-58.
Kanchanapally R, Deshmukh SK, Chavva SR, Tyagi N, Srivastava SK, Patel GK, et al. Drug-loaded exosomal preparations from different cell types exhibit distinctive loading capability, yield, and antitumor efficacies: a comparative analysis. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2019;14:531-41.
Toffoli G, Hadla M, Corona G, Caligiuri I, Palazzolo S, Semeraro S, et al. Exosomal doxorubicin reduces the cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(19):2963-71.
Gong C, Tian J, Wang Z, Gao Y, Wu X, Ding X, et al. Functional exosome-mediated co-delivery of doxorubicin and hydrophobically modified microRNA 159 for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2019;17(1):93.
Pashoutan Sarvar D, Shamsasenjan K, Akbarzadehlaleh P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: New Opportunity in Cell-Free Therapy. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2016;6(3):293-9.
Herrmann IK, Wood MJA, Fuhrmann G. Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform. Nature Nanotechnology. 2021;16(7):748-59.
Rak J. Extracellular vesicles - biomarkers and effectors of the cellular interactome in cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2013;4:21.
Betker JL, Angle BM, Graner MW, Anchordoquy TJ. The Potential of Exosomes From Cow Milk for Oral Delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;108(4):1496-505.
Zhao L, Gu C, Gan Y, Shao L, Chen H, Zhu H. Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery to suppress postoperative breast cancer metastasis. Journal of Controlled Release. 2020;318:1-15.
Jakobsen KR, Paulsen BS, Baek R, Varming K, Sorensen BS, Jorgensen MM. Exosomal proteins as potential diagnostic markers in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2015;4:26659.
Badierah RA, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Dancing with Trojan horses: an interplay between the extracellular vesicles and viruses. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2021;39(8):3034-60.
Hosseini-Beheshti E, Pham S, Adomat H, Li N, Tomlinson Guns ES. Exosomes as biomarker enriched microvesicles: characterization of exosomal proteins derived from a panel of prostate cell lines with distinct AR phenotypes. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 2012;11(10):863-85.
ClinicalTrials. Eksozom içeren klinik çalışmalar [internet]. An official website of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, and National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2023 [Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2023]. Erişim adresi: https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=EXOSOME.
Referanslar
Mendanha D, Vieira de Castro J, Ferreira H, Neves NM. Biomimetic and cell-based nanocarriers - New strategies for brain tumor targeting. Journal of Controlled Release. 2021;337:482-93.
Li A, Zhao J, Fu J, Cai J, Zhang P. Recent advances of biomimetic nano-systems in the diagnosis and treatment of tumor. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2021;16(2):161-74.
Doyle LM, Wang MZ. Overview of Extracellular Vesicles, Their Origin, Composition, Purpose, and Methods for Exosome Isolation and Analysis. Cells. 2019;8(7).
Corrado C, Raimondo S, Chiesi A, Ciccia F, De Leo G, Alessandro R. Exosomes as intercellular signaling organelles involved in health and disease: basic science and clinical applications. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013;14(3):5338-66.
Trams EG, Lauter CJ, Salem N, Heine U. Exfoliation of membrane ecto-enzymes in the form of micro-vesicles. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Biomembranes. 1981;645(1):63-70.
Johnstone RM, Adam M, Hammond JR, Orr L, Turbide C. Vesicle formation during reticulocyte maturation. Association of plasma membrane activities with released vesicles (exosomes). Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1987;262(19):9412-20.
Chen Q, Bai H, Wu W, Huang G, Li Y, Wu M, et al. Bioengineering Bacterial Vesicle-Coated Polymeric Nanomedicine for Enhanced Cancer Immunotherapy and Metastasis Prevention. Nano Letters. 2020;20(1):11-21.
Huang L, Hu C, Chao H, Zhang Y, Li Y, Hou J, et al. Drug-resistant endothelial cells facilitate progression, EMT and chemoresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via exosomes. Cellular Signalling. 2019;63:109385.
Chen L, Wang L, Zhu L, Xu Z, Liu Y, Li Z, et al. Exosomes as Drug Carriers in Anti-Cancer Therapy. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2022;10:728616.
Chen J, Chen J, Cheng Y, Fu Y, Zhao H, Tang M, et al. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes protect beta cells against hypoxia-induced apoptosis via miR-21 by alleviating ER stress and inhibiting p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Stem Cell Research and Therapy. 2020;11(1):97.
Filipović L, Kojadinović M, Popović M. Exosomes and exosome-mimetics as targeted drug carriers: Where we stand and what the future holds? Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology. 2022;68.
Urbanelli L, Buratta S, Sagini K, Ferrara G, Lanni M, Emiliani C. Exosome-based strategies for Diagnosis and Therapy. Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery. 2015;10(1):10-27.
Wu J, Qu Z, Fei ZW, Wu JH, Jiang CP. Role of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer. Oncology Letters. 2017;13(5):2855-66.
Bozkurt S. Eksozomlar ve Kanserdeki Rolleri. Dicle Tıp Dergisi. 2018;45(2):209-17.
Xu M, Ji J, Jin D, Wu Y, Wu T, Lin R, et al. The biogenesis and secretion of exosomes and multivesicular bodies (MVBs): Intercellular shuttles and implications in human diseases. Genes & Diseases. 2023;10(5):1894-907.
Gurung S, Perocheau D, Touramanidou L, Baruteau J. The exosome journey: from biogenesis to uptake and intracellular signalling. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2021;19(1):47.
Chen J, Li P, Zhang T, Xu Z, Huang X, Wang R, et al. Review on Strategies and Technologies for Exosome Isolation and Purification. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2021;9:811971.
Mohammadi M, Zargartalebi H, Salahandish R, Aburashed R, Wey Yong K, Sanati-Nezhad A. Emerging technologies and commercial products in exosome-based cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics. 2021;183:113176.
Thery C, Witwer KW, Aikawa E, Alcaraz MJ, Anderson JD, Andriantsitohaina R, et al. Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018): a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2018;7(1):1535750.
Ha D, Yang N, Nadithe V. Exosomes as therapeutic drug carriers and delivery vehicles across biological membranes: current perspectives and future challenges. Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B. 2016;6(4):287-96.
Lobb RJ, Becker M, Wen SW, Wong CS, Wiegmans AP, Leimgruber A, et al. Optimized exosome isolation protocol for cell culture supernatant and human plasma. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2015;4:27031.
Konoshenko MY, Lekchnov EA, Vlassov AV, Laktionov PP. Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles: General Methodologies and Latest Trends. BioMed Research International. 2018;2018:8545347.
Greening DW, Xu R, Ji H, Tauro BJ, Simpson RJ. A protocol for exosome isolation and characterization: evaluation of ultracentrifugation, density-gradient separation, and immunoaffinity capture methods. Methods in Molecular Biology. 2015;1295:179-209.
Onodi Z, Pelyhe C, Terezia Nagy C, Brenner GB, Almasi L, Kittel A, et al. Isolation of High-Purity Extracellular Vesicles by the Combination of Iodixanol Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation and Bind-Elute Chromatography From Blood Plasma. Frontiers in Physiology. 2018;9:1479.
Sidhom K, Obi PO, Saleem A. A Review of Exosomal Isolation Methods: Is Size Exclusion Chromatography the Best Option? International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2020;21(18).
Zhang Y, Bi J, Huang J, Tang Y, Du S, Li P. Exosome: A Review of Its Classification, Isolation Techniques, Storage, Diagnostic and Targeted Therapy Applications. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2020;15:6917-34.
Cho JH, Hong YD, Kim D, Park SJ, Kim JS, Kim H-M, et al. Confirmation of plant-derived exosomes as bioactive substances for skin application through comparative analysis of keratinocyte transcriptome. Applied Biological Chemistry. 2022;65(1).
Nemati M, Singh B, Mir RA, Nemati M, Babaei A, Ahmadi M, et al. Plant-derived extracellular vesicles: a novel nanomedicine approach with advantages and challenges. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2022;20(1):69.
Wu Y, Deng W, Klinke DJ, 2nd. Exosomes: improved methods to characterize their morphology, RNA content, and surface protein biomarkers. Analyst. 2015;140(19):6631-42.
Lyu TS, Ahn Y, Im YJ, Kim SS, Lee KH, Kim J, et al. The characterization of exosomes from fibrosarcoma cell and the useful usage of Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) for their evaluation. PLOS One. 2021;16(1):e0231994.
Mehryab F, Rabbani S, Shahhosseini S, Shekari F, Fatahi Y, Baharvand H, et al. Exosomes as a next-generation drug delivery system: An update on drug loading approaches, characterization, and clinical application challenges. Acta Biomaterialia. 2020;113:42-62.
Kooijmans SAA, Stremersch S, Braeckmans K, de Smedt SC, Hendrix A, Wood MJA, et al. Electroporation-induced siRNA precipitation obscures the efficiency of siRNA loading into extracellular vesicles. Journal of Controlled Release. 2013;172(1):229-38.
Zhang W, Peng P, Kuang Y, Yang J, Cao D, You Y, et al. Characterization of exosomes derived from ovarian cancer cells and normal ovarian epithelial cells by nanoparticle tracking analysis. Tumour Biology. 2016;37(3):4213-21.
Soo CY, Song Y, Zheng Y, Campbell EC, Riches AC, Gunn-Moore F, et al. Nanoparticle tracking analysis monitors microvesicle and exosome secretion from immune cells. Immunology. 2012;136(2):192-7.
Hosseini-Beheshti E, Choi W, Weiswald LB, Kharmate G, Ghaffari M, Roshan-Moniri M, et al. Exosomes confer pro-survival signals to alter the phenotype of prostate cells in their surrounding environment. Oncotarget. 2016;7(12):14639-58.
Rikkert LG, Nieuwland R, Terstappen L, Coumans FAW. Quality of extracellular vesicle images by transmission electron microscopy is operator and protocol dependent. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2019;8(1):1555419.
Gonzalez-Villasana V, Rashed MH, Gonzalez-Cantu Y, Bayraktar R, Menchaca-Arredondo JL, Vazquez-Guillen JM, et al. Presence of Circulating miR-145, miR-155, and miR-382 in Exosomes Isolated from Serum of Breast Cancer Patients and Healthy Donors. Disease Markers. 2019;2019:6852917.
Parisse P, Rago I, Ulloa Severino L, Perissinotto F, Ambrosetti E, Paoletti P, et al. Atomic force microscopy analysis of extracellular vesicles. European Biophysics Journal. 2017;46(8):813-20.
Whitehead B, Wu L, Hvam ML, Aslan H, Dong M, Dyrskjot L, et al. Tumour exosomes display differential mechanical and complement activation properties dependent on malignant state: implications in endothelial leakiness. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2015;4:29685.
Sharma S, Rasool HI, Palanisamy V, Wong DT, Gimzewski JK. Structural-Mechanical Characterization ofNanoparticle Exosomes in Human Saliva, Using Correlative AFM, FESEM, and Force Spectroscopy. ACS Nano. 2010;4(4):1921-6.
Hussein MAM, Gunduz O, Sahin A, Grinholc M, El-Sherbiny IM, Megahed M. Dual Spinneret Electrospun Polyurethane/PVA-Gelatin Nanofibrous Scaffolds Containing Cinnamon Essential Oil and Nanoceria for Chronic Diabetic Wound Healing: Preparation, Physicochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Evaluation. Molecules. 2022;27(7).
Liu L, Zhang H, Mao H, Li X, Hu Y. Exosomal miR-320d derived from adipose tissue-derived MSCs inhibits apoptosis in cardiomyocytes with atrial fibrillation (AF). Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology. 2019;47(1):3976-84.
Sun D, Zhuang X, Xiang X, Liu Y, Zhang S, Liu C, et al. A novel nanoparticle drug delivery system: the anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin is enhanced when encapsulated in exosomes. Molecular Therapy. 2010;18(9):1606-14.
Abello J, Nguyen TDT, Marasini R, Aryal S, Weiss ML. Biodistribution of gadolinium- and near infrared-labeled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in tumor bearing mice. Theranostics. 2019;9(8):2325-45.
Garcia-Manrique P, Serrano-Pertierra E, Lozano-Andres E, Lopez-Martin S, Matos M, Gutierrez G, et al. Selected Tetraspanins Functionalized Niosomes as Potential Standards for Exosome Immunoassays. Nanomaterials (Basel). 2020;10(5).
Zeringer E, Li M, Barta T, Schageman J, Pedersen KW, Neurauter A, et al. Methods for the extraction and RNA profiling of exosomes. World Journal of Methodology. 2013;3(1):11-8.
Logozzi M, De Milito A, Lugini L, Borghi M, Calabro L, Spada M, et al. High levels of exosomes expressing CD63 and caveolin-1 in plasma of melanoma patients. PLOS One. 2009;4(4):e5219.
Kim MS, Haney MJ, Zhao Y, Mahajan V, Deygen I, Klyachko NL, et al. Development of exosome-encapsulated paclitaxel to overcome MDR in cancer cells. Nanomedicine. 2016;12(3):655-64.
Xi XM, Xia SJ, Lu R. Drug loading techniques for exosome-based drug delivery systems. Pharmazie. 2021;76(2):61-7.
Jia G, Han Y, An Y, Ding Y, He C, Wang X, et al. NRP-1 targeted and cargo-loaded exosomes facilitate simultaneous imaging and therapy of glioma in vitro and in vivo. Biomaterials. 2018;178:302-16.
Pullan JE, Confeld MI, Osborn JK, Kim J, Sarkar K, Mallik S. Exosomes as Drug Carriers for Cancer Therapy. Molecular Pharmaceutics. 2019;16(5):1789-98.
Vashisht M, Rani P, Onteru SK, Singh D. Curcumin Encapsulated in Milk Exosomes Resists Human Digestion and Possesses Enhanced Intestinal Permeability in Vitro. Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2017;183(3):993-1007.
Moosavian SA, Abnous K, Akhtari J, Arabi L, Gholamzade Dewin A, Jafari M. 5TR1 aptamer-PEGylated liposomal doxorubicin enhances cellular uptake and suppresses tumour growth by targeting MUC1 on the surface of cancer cells. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine and Biotechnology. 2018;46(8):2054-65.
Qiao L, Hu S, Huang K, Su T, Li Z, Vandergriff A, et al. Tumor cell-derived exosomes home to their cells of origin and can be used as Trojan horses to deliver cancer drugs. Theranostics. 2020;10(8):3474-87.
Uslu D, Abas BI, Demirbolat GM, Cevik O. Effect of platelet exosomes loaded with doxorubicin as a targeted therapy on triple-negative breast cancer cells. Molecular Diversity. 2022.
Salarpour S, Forootanfar H, Pournamdari M, Ahmadi-Zeidabadi M, Esmaeeli M, Pardakhty A. Paclitaxel incorporated exosomes derived from glioblastoma cells: comparative study of two loading techniques. DARU, Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;27(2):533-9.
Haney MJ, Klyachko NL, Zhao Y, Gupta R, Plotnikova EG, He Z, et al. Exosomes as drug delivery vehicles for Parkinson's disease therapy. Journal of Controlled Release. 2015;207:18-30.
Alvarez-Erviti L, Seow Y, Yin H, Betts C, Lakhal S, Wood MJ. Delivery of siRNA to the mouse brain by systemic injection of targeted exosomes. Nature biotechnology. 2011;29(4):341-5.
Baulch JE, Acharya MM, Allen BD, Ru N, Chmielewski NN, Martirosian V, et al. Cranial grafting of stem cell-derived microvesicles improves cognition and reduces neuropathology in the irradiated brain. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2016;113(17):4836-41.
Wang X, Tian L, Lu J, Ng IO. Exosomes and cancer - Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic vehicle. Oncogenesis. 2022;11(1):54.
Chen Q, Wu D, Wang Y, Chen Z. Exosomes as Novel Delivery Systems for Application in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Molecules. 2022;27(22).
Mukhopadhya A, Tsiapalis D, McNamee N, Talbot B, O'Driscoll L. Doxorubicin Loading into Milk and Mesenchymal Stem Cells' Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Vehicles. Pharmaceutics. 2023;15(3).
Zhang X, Liu L, Tang M, Li H, Guo X, Yang X. The effects of umbilical cord-derived macrophage exosomes loaded with cisplatin on the growth and drug resistance of ovarian cancer cells. Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy. 2020;46(7):1150-62.
Lamichhane TN, Jeyaram A, Patel DB, Parajuli B, Livingston NK, Arumugasaamy N, et al. Oncogene Knockdown via Active Loading of Small RNAs into Extracellular Vesicles by Sonication. Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering. 2016;9(3):315-24.
Wang J, Yeung BZ, Cui M, Peer CJ, Lu Z, Figg WD, et al. Exosome is a mechanism of intercellular drug transfer: Application of quantitative pharmacology. Journal of Controlled Release. 2017;268:147-58.
Tian T, Zhang HX, He CP, Fan S, Zhu YL, Qi C, et al. Surface functionalized exosomes as targeted drug delivery vehicles for cerebral ischemia therapy. Biomaterials. 2018;150:137-49.
Gehl J. Electroporation: theory and methods, perspectives for drug delivery, gene therapy and research. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica. 2003;177(4):437-47.
Pomatto MAC, Bussolati B, D'Antico S, Ghiotto S, Tetta C, Brizzi MF, et al. Improved Loading of Plasma-Derived Extracellular Vesicles to Encapsulate Antitumor miRNAs. Molecular Therapy - Methods and Clinical Development. 2019;13:133-44.
Lennaard AJ, Mamand DR, Wiklander RJ, El Andaloussi S, Wiklander OPB. Optimised Electroporation for Loading of Extracellular Vesicles with Doxorubicin. Pharmaceutics. 2021;14(1).
Wahlgren J, De LKT, Brisslert M, Vaziri Sani F, Telemo E, Sunnerhagen P, et al. Plasma exosomes can deliver exogenous short interfering RNA to monocytes and lymphocytes. Nucleic Acids Research. 2012;40(17):e130.
Rufino-Ramos D, Albuquerque PR, Carmona V, Perfeito R, Nobre RJ, Pereira de Almeida L. Extracellular vesicles: Novel promising delivery systems for therapy of brain diseases. Journal of Controlled Release. 2017;262:247-58.
Kanchanapally R, Deshmukh SK, Chavva SR, Tyagi N, Srivastava SK, Patel GK, et al. Drug-loaded exosomal preparations from different cell types exhibit distinctive loading capability, yield, and antitumor efficacies: a comparative analysis. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2019;14:531-41.
Toffoli G, Hadla M, Corona G, Caligiuri I, Palazzolo S, Semeraro S, et al. Exosomal doxorubicin reduces the cardiac toxicity of doxorubicin. Nanomedicine. 2015;10(19):2963-71.
Gong C, Tian J, Wang Z, Gao Y, Wu X, Ding X, et al. Functional exosome-mediated co-delivery of doxorubicin and hydrophobically modified microRNA 159 for triple-negative breast cancer therapy. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2019;17(1):93.
Pashoutan Sarvar D, Shamsasenjan K, Akbarzadehlaleh P. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes: New Opportunity in Cell-Free Therapy. Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2016;6(3):293-9.
Herrmann IK, Wood MJA, Fuhrmann G. Extracellular vesicles as a next-generation drug delivery platform. Nature Nanotechnology. 2021;16(7):748-59.
Rak J. Extracellular vesicles - biomarkers and effectors of the cellular interactome in cancer. Frontiers in Pharmacology. 2013;4:21.
Betker JL, Angle BM, Graner MW, Anchordoquy TJ. The Potential of Exosomes From Cow Milk for Oral Delivery. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2019;108(4):1496-505.
Zhao L, Gu C, Gan Y, Shao L, Chen H, Zhu H. Exosome-mediated siRNA delivery to suppress postoperative breast cancer metastasis. Journal of Controlled Release. 2020;318:1-15.
Jakobsen KR, Paulsen BS, Baek R, Varming K, Sorensen BS, Jorgensen MM. Exosomal proteins as potential diagnostic markers in advanced non-small cell lung carcinoma. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles. 2015;4:26659.
Badierah RA, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Dancing with Trojan horses: an interplay between the extracellular vesicles and viruses. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics. 2021;39(8):3034-60.
Hosseini-Beheshti E, Pham S, Adomat H, Li N, Tomlinson Guns ES. Exosomes as biomarker enriched microvesicles: characterization of exosomal proteins derived from a panel of prostate cell lines with distinct AR phenotypes. Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 2012;11(10):863-85.
ClinicalTrials. Eksozom içeren klinik çalışmalar [internet]. An official website of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Library of Medicine, and National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2023 [Erişim tarihi: 4 Eylül 2023]. Erişim adresi: https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?term=EXOSOME.
