Bradikardi Taşikardi
Özet
Klinisyenler sıklıkla kardiyak aritmileri olan hastaları değerlendirme ve tedavi etme sorunuyla karşı karşıya kalmaktadır Aritmi, normal atriyoventrikuler (AV) iletim ile normal sinus ritmi olmayan herhangi bir ritimdir. Normal sinus ritmi, sağ atriumun ust kısmındaki sinus duğumunden kaynaklanır. Sinus ritmi sırasında kalp hızı normal aralıkta, elektrokardiyogram (EKG) icerisinde seyreden P dalgaları normal ve hız stabildir.(1) İstirahat halindeki normal sinus hızının dakikada 60 ila 100 atım (bpm) arasında olmak ile beraber bradikardi hızın 60altı olduğu, taşikardi 100 uzeri olduğu ritimleri kapsamaktadır. Acil servise başvuran hastalarda EKG, yaş ve aritminin meydana geldiği klinik durum tanı ve tedavi icin onem arz etmektedir. Hastanın oykusu ile birlikte acil serviste yapılan hızlı ritim analizi tedavinin şeklini belirlemektedir.
Referanslar
Samuel Lévy, Brian Olshansky. Arrhythmia management for the primary care clinician Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arrhythmia-management-for-the-primary-care-clinician(Accessed 03th December 2021)
Emergency Medicine Clinical Essentials Second Edition-Section VI Cardiac Disorders, Bradycardia
Munther K Homoud, Jonathan Piccini. Sinus Bradycardia Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sinus-bradycardia (Accessed 25th April 2022)
William H Sauer, Mark S Link. Etiology of atrioventricular block
Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-atrioventricular-block(Accessed 6th December 2022)
William H Sauer, Mark S Link, Susan B Yeon. First-degree atrioventricular block
Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/first-degree-atrioventricular-block(Accessed 14th October 2022)
Jordan M Prutkin, Ary L Goldberger, Susan B Yeon. ECG tutorial: Atrioventricular block Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ecg-tutorial-atrioventricular-block(Accessed13th January 2022)
Jasmeet Soar, Bernd W. Bottiger, Pierre Carl et al.European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary Available from: https://www.cprguidelines.eu/assets/guidelines/European-Resuscitation-Council-Guidelines-2021-Ad.pdf
James G. Adams Emergency Medicine Clinical Essentials Second Edition Chapter 59 Tachydysrhythmias
David M. Cline, O. John Ma, et al. Tintinalli Acil Tıp Bilinmesi Gerekenler(Doç Dr. Bülent Erbil, Prof. Dr. M. Mahir Özmen Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri
Munther K Homoud, Jonathan Piccini, Susan B Yeon.Sinus tachycardia: Evaluation and management Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sinus-tachycardia-evaluation-and-management(Accessed 25th April 2022)
Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, et al. Thirty-day outcomes of emergency department patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation or flutter. Acad Emerg Med 2010;17:408-15.
Anand Swaminathan. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Available from: https://coreem.net/core/avnrt/ (4th November 2015)
Atrial Flutter: ECG Interpretation Available from: https://manualofmedicine.com/ecgs/atrial-flutter-ecg-interpretation/ (Accessed 26th January 2022)
Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, et al. Thirty-day outcomes of emergency department patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation or flutter. Acad Emerg Med 2010;17:408-15.
Scholten MF, Thornton AS, Mekel JM, et al. Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation and flutter. Europace 2005;7:492-9
Craig T January, L Samuel Wann, Joseph S Alpert, et al. Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014.
Rosen’s Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice, 9th Edition, Section Three
Souza IS, Martindale JL, Sinert R. Antidysrhythmic drug therapy for the termination of stable, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: a systematic review. Emerg Med J 32:161–167, 2015.
Jasmeet Soar, Bernd W. Bottiger, Pierre Carl et al.European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary Available from: https://www.cprguidelines.eu/assets/guidelines/European-Resuscitation-Council-Guidelines-2021-Ad.pdf
Referanslar
Samuel Lévy, Brian Olshansky. Arrhythmia management for the primary care clinician Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/arrhythmia-management-for-the-primary-care-clinician(Accessed 03th December 2021)
Emergency Medicine Clinical Essentials Second Edition-Section VI Cardiac Disorders, Bradycardia
Munther K Homoud, Jonathan Piccini. Sinus Bradycardia Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sinus-bradycardia (Accessed 25th April 2022)
William H Sauer, Mark S Link. Etiology of atrioventricular block
Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/etiology-of-atrioventricular-block(Accessed 6th December 2022)
William H Sauer, Mark S Link, Susan B Yeon. First-degree atrioventricular block
Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/first-degree-atrioventricular-block(Accessed 14th October 2022)
Jordan M Prutkin, Ary L Goldberger, Susan B Yeon. ECG tutorial: Atrioventricular block Available from:https://www.uptodate.com/contents/ecg-tutorial-atrioventricular-block(Accessed13th January 2022)
Jasmeet Soar, Bernd W. Bottiger, Pierre Carl et al.European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary Available from: https://www.cprguidelines.eu/assets/guidelines/European-Resuscitation-Council-Guidelines-2021-Ad.pdf
James G. Adams Emergency Medicine Clinical Essentials Second Edition Chapter 59 Tachydysrhythmias
David M. Cline, O. John Ma, et al. Tintinalli Acil Tıp Bilinmesi Gerekenler(Doç Dr. Bülent Erbil, Prof. Dr. M. Mahir Özmen Çev. Ed.). Ankara: Güneş Tıp Kitabevleri
Munther K Homoud, Jonathan Piccini, Susan B Yeon.Sinus tachycardia: Evaluation and management Available from: https://www.uptodate.com/contents/sinus-tachycardia-evaluation-and-management(Accessed 25th April 2022)
Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, et al. Thirty-day outcomes of emergency department patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation or flutter. Acad Emerg Med 2010;17:408-15.
Anand Swaminathan. Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia Available from: https://coreem.net/core/avnrt/ (4th November 2015)
Atrial Flutter: ECG Interpretation Available from: https://manualofmedicine.com/ecgs/atrial-flutter-ecg-interpretation/ (Accessed 26th January 2022)
Scheuermeyer FX, Grafstein E, Stenstrom R, et al. Thirty-day outcomes of emergency department patients undergoing electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation or flutter. Acad Emerg Med 2010;17:408-15.
Scholten MF, Thornton AS, Mekel JM, et al. Anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation and flutter. Europace 2005;7:492-9
Craig T January, L Samuel Wann, Joseph S Alpert, et al. Guideline for the Management of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: Executive Summary: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society. Circulation. 2014.
Rosen’s Emergency Medicine Concepts and Clinical Practice, 9th Edition, Section Three
Souza IS, Martindale JL, Sinert R. Antidysrhythmic drug therapy for the termination of stable, monomorphic ventricular tachycardia: a systematic review. Emerg Med J 32:161–167, 2015.
Jasmeet Soar, Bernd W. Bottiger, Pierre Carl et al.European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Executive summary Available from: https://www.cprguidelines.eu/assets/guidelines/European-Resuscitation-Council-Guidelines-2021-Ad.pdf
