COVID-19 Koenfeksiyonları: Paraziter Etkenler
Özet
Paraziter enfeksiyonlar, özellikle sosyoekonomik düzeyi düşük ülkelerde yaygın bir halk sağlığı sorunu olarak önemini korumaya devam etmektedir. Yaygın görülmelerine rağmen sıklıkla ihmal edilen hastalıklar arasında yer alan paraziter enfeksiyonların özellikle immünite üzerinde yaptıkları etkilerle COVID-19 enfeksiyonu seyrinde önemli roller oynayabilecekleri düşünülmektedir. Yapılan bazı çalışmalarda paraziter enfeksiyonların antiinflamatuar etkileri ile COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna karşı koruyucu olabilecekleri, inflamatuar etkileri ile doku hasarını arttırarak viral enfeksiyon seyrini şiddetlendirebilecekleri, aynı zamanda viral enfeksiyonlara karşı geliştirilmiş aşıların etkinliklerinde azalmaya yol açabilecekleri bildirilmiştir. COVID-19 pandemisinin paraziter enfeksiyonların tanı, tedavi ve kontrol süreçlerini olumsuz yönde etkilediği düşünülmektedir.
Referanslar
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https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/about.html .
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Future Microbiology 2015;10(1):69-86. doi:10.2217/fmb.14.105.
MacDonald AS, Araujo MI, Pearce EJ. Immunology of parasitic helminth infections. Infection and Immunity 2002;70(2):427-433. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.2.427-433.2002.
Głuchowska K, Dzieciątkowski T, Sędzikowska A, et al. The New Status of Parasitic Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic-Risk Factors or Protective Agents?. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021;10(11):2533. doi:10.3390/jcm10112533.
Wolday D, Gebrecherkos T, Arefaine ZG, et al. Effect of co-infection with intestinal parasites on COVID-19 severity: A prospective observational cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021;39:101054. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101054.
Adjobimey T, Meyer J, Terkeš V, et al. Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro. BMC Medicine 2022;20(1):241. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02441-x.
Ulusan Bağcı O. Impact of the COVID-19 Duration on Neglected Parasitic Diseases. Turkish Journal of Parasitology 2021;45(4):317-25.
Abdoli A. Helminths and COVID-19 Co-Infections: A Neglected Critical Challenge. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science 2020;3(5):1039-1041. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00141.
Ademe M, Girma F. The Influence of Helminth Immune Regulation on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: Is it Beneficial or Detrimental?. Infection and Drug Resistance 2021;14:4421-4426. doi:10.2147/IDR.S335447.
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Walker IS, Rogerson SJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of malaria: Sticky problems and tricky solutions. Virulence 2023;14(1):2150456. doi:10.1080/21505594.2022.2150456.
Habibzadeh F. Malaria and the incidence of COVID-19 in Africa: an ecological study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2023;23(1):66. doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08032-2.
López-Farfán D, Irigoyen N, Gómez-Díaz E. Exploring SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum coinfection in human erythrocytes.
Frontiers in Immunology 2023;14:1120298. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120298.
Mandić S, Švitek L, Rolić T, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum coinfection: a case report. Infectious Diseases (London, England)) 2023;55(4):299-302. doi:10.1080/23744235.2023.2172451.
Gutman JR, Lucchi NW, Cantey PT, et al. Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19?. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020;103(2):572-577. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0516.
Chen M, Gao S, Ai L, et al. The First Reported Case of COVID-19 and Plasmodium ovale Malaria Coinfection - Guangdong Province, China, January 2021. China CDC Weekly. 2021;3(21):454-455. doi:10.46234/ccdcw2021.101.
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Pikoulas A, Piperaki ET, Spanakos G, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis and COVID-19 coinfection- A case report. IDCases 022;27:e01358. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01358.
Anindita P, Sushma S. Visceral leishmaniasis in the COVID-19 pandemic era, Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2023;117(2):67–71.doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac100.
Dorantes JA, López-Becerril JO, Zavala-Cerna MG. Fatal attraction: intestinal amebiasis and COVID-19 as risk factors for colonic perforation. Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2021;2021(7):rjab301. doi:10.1093/jscr/rjab301.
Motobayashi H, Sumiyoshi S, Aoki K, et al. A case of amebic colitis and liver abscesses that occurred after treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 with dexamethasone. IDCases 2022;31:e01648. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01648.
Seeger D, Cornejo Cisneros E, Lucar J, et al. Strongyloides and COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023; 8(2):127. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020127.
Montazeri M, Nakhaei M, Fakhar M, et al. Exploring the Association Between Latent Toxoplasma gondii Infection and COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: First Registry-Based Study. Acta Parasitologica 2022;67(3):1172-1179. doi:10.1007/s11686-022-00559-9.
Ghaffari S, Kalantari N, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, et al. Is COVID-19 associated with latent toxoplasmosis?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research İnternational 2021;28(47):67886-67890. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17126-w.
Mumcuoglu KY, Hoffman T, Schwartz E. Head louse infestations before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Israel. Acta Tropica 2022;232:106503. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106503.
Porsuk AÖ, Cerit Ç. Status of Scabies Cases in COVID-19 Pandemic Days. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2021;16(3):499-505. doi:10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7104.
Aždajić MD, Bešlić I, Gašić A, et al. Increased Scabies Incidence at the Beginning of the 21st Century: What Do Reports from Europe and the World Show? Life (Basel) 2022;12(10):1598. doi:10.3390/life12101598.
Kutlu Ö, Aktaş H. The explosion in scabies cases during COVID-19 pandemic. Dermatologic Therapy 2020;33(5):e13662. doi: 10.1111/dth.13662.
Referanslar
Theel ES, Pritt BS. Parasites. Microbiology Spectrum 2016;4(4). doi:10.1128/microbiolspec.DMIH2-0013-2015.
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/about.html .
3. Steverding D. The spreading of parasites by human migratory activities. Virulence 2020;11(1):1177-1191. doi:10.1080/21505594.2020.1809963 .
Norman FF, Monge-Maillo B, Martínez-Pérez Á, et al. Parasitic infections in travelers and immigrants: part I protozoa.
Future Microbiology 2015;10(1):69-86. doi:10.2217/fmb.14.105.
MacDonald AS, Araujo MI, Pearce EJ. Immunology of parasitic helminth infections. Infection and Immunity 2002;70(2):427-433. doi:10.1128/IAI.70.2.427-433.2002.
Głuchowska K, Dzieciątkowski T, Sędzikowska A, et al. The New Status of Parasitic Diseases in the COVID-19 Pandemic-Risk Factors or Protective Agents?. Journal of Clinical Medicine 2021;10(11):2533. doi:10.3390/jcm10112533.
Wolday D, Gebrecherkos T, Arefaine ZG, et al. Effect of co-infection with intestinal parasites on COVID-19 severity: A prospective observational cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2021;39:101054. doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101054.
Adjobimey T, Meyer J, Terkeš V, et al. Helminth antigens differentially modulate the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes of convalescent COVID-19 patients in vitro. BMC Medicine 2022;20(1):241. doi:10.1186/s12916-022-02441-x.
Ulusan Bağcı O. Impact of the COVID-19 Duration on Neglected Parasitic Diseases. Turkish Journal of Parasitology 2021;45(4):317-25.
Abdoli A. Helminths and COVID-19 Co-Infections: A Neglected Critical Challenge. ACS Pharmacology & Translational Science 2020;3(5):1039-1041. doi:10.1021/acsptsci.0c00141.
Ademe M, Girma F. The Influence of Helminth Immune Regulation on COVID-19 Clinical Outcomes: Is it Beneficial or Detrimental?. Infection and Drug Resistance 2021;14:4421-4426. doi:10.2147/IDR.S335447.
https://www.cdc.gov/parasites/malaria/index.html (12.04.2023).
Walker IS, Rogerson SJ. Pathogenicity and virulence of malaria: Sticky problems and tricky solutions. Virulence 2023;14(1):2150456. doi:10.1080/21505594.2022.2150456.
Habibzadeh F. Malaria and the incidence of COVID-19 in Africa: an ecological study. BMC Infectious Diseases 2023;23(1):66. doi:10.1186/s12879-023-08032-2.
López-Farfán D, Irigoyen N, Gómez-Díaz E. Exploring SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum coinfection in human erythrocytes.
Frontiers in Immunology 2023;14:1120298. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1120298.
Mandić S, Švitek L, Rolić T, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Plasmodium falciparum coinfection: a case report. Infectious Diseases (London, England)) 2023;55(4):299-302. doi:10.1080/23744235.2023.2172451.
Gutman JR, Lucchi NW, Cantey PT, et al. Malaria and Parasitic Neglected Tropical Diseases: Potential Syndemics with COVID-19?. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2020;103(2):572-577. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.20-0516.
Chen M, Gao S, Ai L, et al. The First Reported Case of COVID-19 and Plasmodium ovale Malaria Coinfection - Guangdong Province, China, January 2021. China CDC Weekly. 2021;3(21):454-455. doi:10.46234/ccdcw2021.101.
Gao L, Shi Q, Liu Z, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Malaria Control in Africa: A Preliminary Analysis. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023;8(1):67. doi:10.3390/tropicalmed8010067.
Pikoulas A, Piperaki ET, Spanakos G, et al. Visceral leishmaniasis and COVID-19 coinfection- A case report. IDCases 022;27:e01358. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01358.
Anindita P, Sushma S. Visceral leishmaniasis in the COVID-19 pandemic era, Transactions of The Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2023;117(2):67–71.doi:10.1093/trstmh/trac100.
Dorantes JA, López-Becerril JO, Zavala-Cerna MG. Fatal attraction: intestinal amebiasis and COVID-19 as risk factors for colonic perforation. Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2021;2021(7):rjab301. doi:10.1093/jscr/rjab301.
Motobayashi H, Sumiyoshi S, Aoki K, et al. A case of amebic colitis and liver abscesses that occurred after treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 with dexamethasone. IDCases 2022;31:e01648. doi:10.1016/j.idcr.2022.e01648.
Seeger D, Cornejo Cisneros E, Lucar J, et al. Strongyloides and COVID-19: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Research. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 2023; 8(2):127. https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8020127.
Montazeri M, Nakhaei M, Fakhar M, et al. Exploring the Association Between Latent Toxoplasma gondii Infection and COVID-19 in Hospitalized Patients: First Registry-Based Study. Acta Parasitologica 2022;67(3):1172-1179. doi:10.1007/s11686-022-00559-9.
Ghaffari S, Kalantari N, Gorgani-Firouzjaee T, et al. Is COVID-19 associated with latent toxoplasmosis?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research İnternational 2021;28(47):67886-67890. doi:10.1007/s11356-021-17126-w.
Mumcuoglu KY, Hoffman T, Schwartz E. Head louse infestations before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Israel. Acta Tropica 2022;232:106503. doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106503.
Porsuk AÖ, Cerit Ç. Status of Scabies Cases in COVID-19 Pandemic Days. Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2021;16(3):499-505. doi:10.18502/ijpa.v16i3.7104.
Aždajić MD, Bešlić I, Gašić A, et al. Increased Scabies Incidence at the Beginning of the 21st Century: What Do Reports from Europe and the World Show? Life (Basel) 2022;12(10):1598. doi:10.3390/life12101598.
Kutlu Ö, Aktaş H. The explosion in scabies cases during COVID-19 pandemic. Dermatologic Therapy 2020;33(5):e13662. doi: 10.1111/dth.13662.
