Kültürel Farkındalık ve Sürdürülebilirlik Odaklı Öğretim
Özet
Günümüz öğrencilerinden, mezun olduktan sonra hem kültürel farkındalık hem de ekonomik, sosyal ve çevresel sürdürülebilirlik konularında ulusal ve uluslararası talepleri karşılamaya hazır olmaları beklenmektedir. Öğrenciler, bu kavramların mesleki ve kişisel yaşamlarında ne anlama geldiğini ve bunları bilmenin neden önemli olduğunu anlamalıdır. Kültürel farkındalık ve sürdürülebilirlik, geleceğin sektör liderleri ve yöneticileri olacak turizm öğrencilerinin eğitiminde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Bu çerçevede “Kültürel Farkındalık ve Sürdürülebilirlik Odaklı Öğretim” başlıklı bölümde önce kültürel farkındalık ve sürdürülebilirlik konularına ilişkin kavramsal bilgiler verilmekte, ardından bu kavramların turizm sektörü için önemine değinilmektedir. Daha sonra, kültürel farkındalık ve sürdürülebilirlik kavramlarının birbirleri ile olan ilişkisi ve ortak amaçları irdelenmiştir. Son olarak, kültürel farkındalık ve sürdürülebilirlik eğitimi için uygun öğretim yöntem ve teknikleri tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç bölümünde ise genel bir değerlendirme yapılarak turizm eğitiminde kültürel farkındalık ve sürdürülebilirlik konularının nasıl ele alınması gerektiği konusunda öneriler sunulmaktadır.
Referanslar
Ab Wahab, M. (2021). Is an unsustainability environmentally unethical? Ethics orientation, environmental sustainability engagement and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126240
Akın, O. (2021). Investigating the role of cultural awareness in a multicultural business environment: A case study based on Turkish and British markets. Ege Academic Review, 21(3), 193-211.
Allport, G. W. (1966). The nature of prejudice (4. Ed.). Addison-Wesley.
Appleton, N. (1977). Cultural Awareness and the Claim to Knowledge. Journal of Thought, 12(3), 235-244.
Arrobas, F., Ferreira, J., Brito-Henriques, E., & Fernandes, A. (2020). Measuring tourism and environmental sciences students’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100273.
Barber, N., Deale, C., & Goodman, R. (2011) Environmental sustainability in the hospitality management curriculum: Perspectives from three groups of stakeholders, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2011.10696994
Benckendorff, P., & Moscardo, G. (2015), Education for sustainability futures. In Gianna Moscardo & Pierre Benckendorff (Eds.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism (pp. 271-283). Springer.
Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Murphy, L. (2012). Environmental attitudes of Generation Y students: Foundations for sustainability education in tourism. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(1), 44-69.
Berjozkina, G., & Melanthiou, Y. (2021). Is tourism and hospitality education supporting sustainability?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 13(6), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-07-2021-0101
Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M. C., & Oxarart, A. (2013). The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 14(1), 6-14.
Bohman, D. M., & Borglin, G. (2014). Student exchange for nursing students: Does it raise cultural awareness'? A descriptive, qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(3), 259-264.
Brainee, H. J. (2024). Investigating the impact of cultural awareness on language learners’ motivation and proficiency. Journal of Gender, Culture and Society, 4(1), 29-38.
Cambridge Dictionary, (2025). Sustainability. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sustainability (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
Caton, K. (2014). Underdisciplinarity: Where are the humanities in tourism education?. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 15, 24-33.
Chen, M., Pei, T., Jeronen, E., Wang, Z., & Xu, L. (2022). Teaching and learning methods for promoting sustainability in tourism education. Sustainability, 14(21), 14592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114592
Chen, Y. S., & Wu, S. T. (2022). A case study of sustainable hospitality education relating to food waste from the perspective of transformative learning theory. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100372.
Constantin, E. C., Cohen-Vida, M. I., & Popescu, A. V. (2015). Developing cultural awareness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 696-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.228
Cotterell, D., Hales, R., Arcodia, C., & Ferreira, J. A. (2019). Overcommitted to tourism and under committed to sustainability: the urgency of teaching “strong sustainability” in tourism courses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1545777
Deale, C., & Barber, N. (2012) How important is sustainability education to hospitality programs?, Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(2), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2012.678211
Eskici, G. Y. (2023). Sustainability and its reflection on education. International e-Journal of Educational Studies, 7(15), 884-894. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1341475
Farsari, I. (2022). Pedagogy for sustainable tourism: reflections on the curriculum space of a master programme in Sweden. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 22(1), 6-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2021.1978127
Gordon, S., & Thomas, I. (2018). ‘The learning sticks’: Reflections on a case study of role-playing for sustainability. Environmental Education Research, 24(2), 172-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1190959
GSTC. (2025). What is Sustainable Tourism?. https://www.gstc.org/what-is-sustainable-tourism/#:~:text=Sustainable%20tourism%20is%20defined%20by,the%20environment%20and%20host%20communities.%E2%80%9D (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2025)
Higgs, A. L., & McMillan, V. M., (2006). Teaching through modeling: Four schools' experiences in sustainability education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(1), 39-53.
Hultsjö, S., Bachrach-Lindström, M., Safipour, J., & Hadziabdic, E. (2019). Cultural awareness requires more than theoretical education-Nursing students’ experiences. Nurse Education in Practice, 39, 73-79.
Indrianto, A. T. L., Oktavio, A., Azmi, A., Abdullah, A., Isa, N. M., Adityaji, R., & Subadi, L. C. (2024). Exploration of the teaching and learning model using the design thinking method in developing community-based tourism. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-061
Jamal, T., Taillon, J., & Dredge, D. (2011). Sustainable tourism pedagogy and academic-community collaboration: A progressive service-learning approach. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11(2), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2011.3
Kamila, K., Wilujeng, I., Jumadi, J., & Ungirwalu, S. Y. (2024). Analysis of Integrating Local potential in science learning and its effect on 21st century skills and student cultural awareness: Literature review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(5), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.6485
Leal Filho, W., Raath, S., Lazzarini, B., Vargas, V. R., de Souza, L., Anholon, R., ... & Orlovic, V. L. (2018). The role of transformation in learning and education for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 199, 286-295.
McGrath, G. M., Lockstone-Binney, L., Ong, F., Wilson-Evered, E., Blaer, M., & Whitelaw, P. (2020). Teaching sustainability in tourism education: A teaching simulation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(5), 795-812. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791892
Millar, M., & Park, S. Y. (2013). Sustainability in hospitality education: The industry's perspective and implications for curriculum. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 25(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2013.805090
Mínguez, C., Martínez-Hernández, C., & Yubero, C. (2021). Higher education and the sustainable tourism pedagogy: Are tourism students ready to lead change in the post pandemic era?. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100329
OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills Education 2030. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2018/06/the-future-of-education-and-skills_5424dd26/54ac7020-en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2025)
Oxford-review. (2025). Cultural awareness – Definition and Explanation. https://oxford-review.com/the-oxford-review-dei-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-dictionary/cultural-awareness-definition-and-explanation/ (Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2025)
Quappe, S., & Cantatore, G. (2005). What is cultural awareness, anyway? How do I build it. Culturosity.com, 1-3.
Rauch, F. (2002) The potential of education for sustainable development for reform in schools. Environmental Education Research, 8(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620120109646
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., & Kuusisto, A. (2016). Developing teachers' intercultural sensitivity: Case study on a pilot course in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.018
Rodríguez-Díaz, B., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2019). Sustainability as a key factor in tourism competitiveness: A global analysis. Sustainability, 12(1), 1-19.
Rowe, D., Gentile, S. J., & Clevey, L. (2015). The US partnership for education for sustainable development: Progress and challenges ahead. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 14(2), 112-120.
Shepherd, S. M. (2019). Cultural awareness workshops: Limitations and practical consequences. BMC medical education, 19(1), 14.
Shrivastava, P. (2010). Pedagogy of passion for sustainability. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9(3), 443-455.
Solís-Radilla, M. M., Hernández-Lobato, L., Callarisa-Fiol, L. J., & Pastor-Durán, H. T. (2019). The Importance of Sustainability in the Loyalty to a Tourist Destination through the Management of Expectations and Experiences. Sustainability, 11(15), 1-23.
T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2025). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları ve Göstergeleri. http://www.surdurulebilirkalkinma.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SKA-ve-Gostergeleri-Kapak-Birlestirilmis.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
Tomalin, B., & Stempleski, S. (2013). Cultural awareness. Oxford University Press.
Torelli, R. (2021). Sustainability, responsibility and ethics: different concepts for a single path. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(5), 719-739. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2020-0081
Tourism For SDGS. (2025). What are the SDGs. https://tourism4sdgs.org/tourism-for-sdgs/what-are-the-sdgs/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
UNEP. (2025). What is Sustainable Development? https://www.unep.org/frequently-asked-questions#:~:text=What%20is%20Sustainable%20Development%3F,social%20equity%2C%20and%20environmental%20protection. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
UNESCO. (2014). UNESCO roadmap for implementing the Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Fransa.
UNESCO. (2022). Berlin Declaration on Education for Sustainable Development. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381228 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2025)
UNESCO. (2025). What you need to know about education for sustainable development. https://www.unesco.org/en/sustainable-development/education/need-know (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
United Nations. (2025). Sustainability. https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/sustainability (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
UNWTO. (2025). Sustainable development. https://www.untourism.int/sustainable-development (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
US Partnership. (2009). US Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development, National Education for Sustainability K-12 Student Learning Standards Version 3 – September 2009.
Van De Wetering, J., Leijten, P., Spitzer, J., & Thomaes, S. (2022). Does environmental education benefit environmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101782.
Vatalis, K. I. (2017). Training sustainability through role playing in higher education. Progress in Industrial Ecology, an International Journal, 11(4), 361-372.
Wang, J., Ayres, H., & Huyton, J. (2010). Is tourism education meeting the needs of the tourism industry? An Australian case study. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 22(1), 8-14.
Zhang, H., Cho, T., Wang, H., & Ge, Q. (2018). The influence of cross-cultural awareness and tourist experience on authenticity, tourist satisfaction and acculturation in World Cultural Heritage Sites of Korea. Sustainability, 10(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040927
Zhang, X., & Tavitiyaman, P. (2022). Sustainability courses in hospitality and tourism higher education: Perspectives from industry practitioners and students. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 31, 100393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2022.100393
Referanslar
Ab Wahab, M. (2021). Is an unsustainability environmentally unethical? Ethics orientation, environmental sustainability engagement and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production, 294, 126240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126240
Akın, O. (2021). Investigating the role of cultural awareness in a multicultural business environment: A case study based on Turkish and British markets. Ege Academic Review, 21(3), 193-211.
Allport, G. W. (1966). The nature of prejudice (4. Ed.). Addison-Wesley.
Appleton, N. (1977). Cultural Awareness and the Claim to Knowledge. Journal of Thought, 12(3), 235-244.
Arrobas, F., Ferreira, J., Brito-Henriques, E., & Fernandes, A. (2020). Measuring tourism and environmental sciences students’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 27, 100273.
Barber, N., Deale, C., & Goodman, R. (2011) Environmental sustainability in the hospitality management curriculum: Perspectives from three groups of stakeholders, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 23(1), 6-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2011.10696994
Benckendorff, P., & Moscardo, G. (2015), Education for sustainability futures. In Gianna Moscardo & Pierre Benckendorff (Eds.), Education for Sustainability in Tourism (pp. 271-283). Springer.
Benckendorff, P., Moscardo, G., & Murphy, L. (2012). Environmental attitudes of Generation Y students: Foundations for sustainability education in tourism. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(1), 44-69.
Berjozkina, G., & Melanthiou, Y. (2021). Is tourism and hospitality education supporting sustainability?. Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes, 13(6), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1108/WHATT-07-2021-0101
Biedenweg, K., Monroe, M. C., & Oxarart, A. (2013). The importance of teaching ethics of sustainability. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 14(1), 6-14.
Bohman, D. M., & Borglin, G. (2014). Student exchange for nursing students: Does it raise cultural awareness'? A descriptive, qualitative study. Nurse Education in Practice, 14(3), 259-264.
Brainee, H. J. (2024). Investigating the impact of cultural awareness on language learners’ motivation and proficiency. Journal of Gender, Culture and Society, 4(1), 29-38.
Cambridge Dictionary, (2025). Sustainability. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/sustainability (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
Caton, K. (2014). Underdisciplinarity: Where are the humanities in tourism education?. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 15, 24-33.
Chen, M., Pei, T., Jeronen, E., Wang, Z., & Xu, L. (2022). Teaching and learning methods for promoting sustainability in tourism education. Sustainability, 14(21), 14592. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142114592
Chen, Y. S., & Wu, S. T. (2022). A case study of sustainable hospitality education relating to food waste from the perspective of transformative learning theory. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 30, 100372.
Constantin, E. C., Cohen-Vida, M. I., & Popescu, A. V. (2015). Developing cultural awareness. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 696-699. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.228
Cotterell, D., Hales, R., Arcodia, C., & Ferreira, J. A. (2019). Overcommitted to tourism and under committed to sustainability: the urgency of teaching “strong sustainability” in tourism courses. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2018.1545777
Deale, C., & Barber, N. (2012) How important is sustainability education to hospitality programs?, Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 12(2), 165-187. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2012.678211
Eskici, G. Y. (2023). Sustainability and its reflection on education. International e-Journal of Educational Studies, 7(15), 884-894. https://doi.org/10.31458/iejes.1341475
Farsari, I. (2022). Pedagogy for sustainable tourism: reflections on the curriculum space of a master programme in Sweden. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism, 22(1), 6-35. https://doi.org/10.1080/15313220.2021.1978127
Gordon, S., & Thomas, I. (2018). ‘The learning sticks’: Reflections on a case study of role-playing for sustainability. Environmental Education Research, 24(2), 172-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2016.1190959
GSTC. (2025). What is Sustainable Tourism?. https://www.gstc.org/what-is-sustainable-tourism/#:~:text=Sustainable%20tourism%20is%20defined%20by,the%20environment%20and%20host%20communities.%E2%80%9D (Erişim Tarihi: 13.08.2025)
Higgs, A. L., & McMillan, V. M., (2006). Teaching through modeling: Four schools' experiences in sustainability education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 38(1), 39-53.
Hultsjö, S., Bachrach-Lindström, M., Safipour, J., & Hadziabdic, E. (2019). Cultural awareness requires more than theoretical education-Nursing students’ experiences. Nurse Education in Practice, 39, 73-79.
Indrianto, A. T. L., Oktavio, A., Azmi, A., Abdullah, A., Isa, N. M., Adityaji, R., & Subadi, L. C. (2024). Exploration of the teaching and learning model using the design thinking method in developing community-based tourism. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 18(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n1-061
Jamal, T., Taillon, J., & Dredge, D. (2011). Sustainable tourism pedagogy and academic-community collaboration: A progressive service-learning approach. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 11(2), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.1057/thr.2011.3
Kamila, K., Wilujeng, I., Jumadi, J., & Ungirwalu, S. Y. (2024). Analysis of Integrating Local potential in science learning and its effect on 21st century skills and student cultural awareness: Literature review. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA, 10(5), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.6485
Leal Filho, W., Raath, S., Lazzarini, B., Vargas, V. R., de Souza, L., Anholon, R., ... & Orlovic, V. L. (2018). The role of transformation in learning and education for sustainability. Journal of Cleaner Production, 199, 286-295.
McGrath, G. M., Lockstone-Binney, L., Ong, F., Wilson-Evered, E., Blaer, M., & Whitelaw, P. (2020). Teaching sustainability in tourism education: A teaching simulation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(5), 795-812. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791892
Millar, M., & Park, S. Y. (2013). Sustainability in hospitality education: The industry's perspective and implications for curriculum. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 25(2), 80-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2013.805090
Mínguez, C., Martínez-Hernández, C., & Yubero, C. (2021). Higher education and the sustainable tourism pedagogy: Are tourism students ready to lead change in the post pandemic era?. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 29, 100329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2021.100329
OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills Education 2030. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/publications/reports/2018/06/the-future-of-education-and-skills_5424dd26/54ac7020-en.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2025)
Oxford-review. (2025). Cultural awareness – Definition and Explanation. https://oxford-review.com/the-oxford-review-dei-diversity-equity-and-inclusion-dictionary/cultural-awareness-definition-and-explanation/ (Erişim Tarihi: 09.08.2025)
Quappe, S., & Cantatore, G. (2005). What is cultural awareness, anyway? How do I build it. Culturosity.com, 1-3.
Rauch, F. (2002) The potential of education for sustainable development for reform in schools. Environmental Education Research, 8(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620120109646
Rissanen, I., Kuusisto, E., & Kuusisto, A. (2016). Developing teachers' intercultural sensitivity: Case study on a pilot course in Finnish teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 59, 446-456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.07.018
Rodríguez-Díaz, B., & Pulido-Fernández, J. I. (2019). Sustainability as a key factor in tourism competitiveness: A global analysis. Sustainability, 12(1), 1-19.
Rowe, D., Gentile, S. J., & Clevey, L. (2015). The US partnership for education for sustainable development: Progress and challenges ahead. Applied Environmental Education & Communication, 14(2), 112-120.
Shepherd, S. M. (2019). Cultural awareness workshops: Limitations and practical consequences. BMC medical education, 19(1), 14.
Shrivastava, P. (2010). Pedagogy of passion for sustainability. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 9(3), 443-455.
Solís-Radilla, M. M., Hernández-Lobato, L., Callarisa-Fiol, L. J., & Pastor-Durán, H. T. (2019). The Importance of Sustainability in the Loyalty to a Tourist Destination through the Management of Expectations and Experiences. Sustainability, 11(15), 1-23.
T.C. Cumhurbaşkanlığı Strateji ve Bütçe Başkanlığı. (2025). Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları ve Göstergeleri. http://www.surdurulebilirkalkinma.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/SKA-ve-Gostergeleri-Kapak-Birlestirilmis.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
Tomalin, B., & Stempleski, S. (2013). Cultural awareness. Oxford University Press.
Torelli, R. (2021). Sustainability, responsibility and ethics: different concepts for a single path. Social Responsibility Journal, 17(5), 719-739. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-03-2020-0081
Tourism For SDGS. (2025). What are the SDGs. https://tourism4sdgs.org/tourism-for-sdgs/what-are-the-sdgs/ (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
UNEP. (2025). What is Sustainable Development? https://www.unep.org/frequently-asked-questions#:~:text=What%20is%20Sustainable%20Development%3F,social%20equity%2C%20and%20environmental%20protection. (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
UNESCO. (2014). UNESCO roadmap for implementing the Global Action Programme on Education for Sustainable Development. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Fransa.
UNESCO. (2022). Berlin Declaration on Education for Sustainable Development. Paris: UNESCO. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000381228 (Erişim Tarihi: 10.08.2025)
UNESCO. (2025). What you need to know about education for sustainable development. https://www.unesco.org/en/sustainable-development/education/need-know (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
United Nations. (2025). Sustainability. https://www.un.org/en/academic-impact/sustainability (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
UNWTO. (2025). Sustainable development. https://www.untourism.int/sustainable-development (Erişim Tarihi: 15.08.2025)
US Partnership. (2009). US Partnership for Education for Sustainable Development, National Education for Sustainability K-12 Student Learning Standards Version 3 – September 2009.
Van De Wetering, J., Leijten, P., Spitzer, J., & Thomaes, S. (2022). Does environmental education benefit environmental outcomes in children and adolescents? A meta-analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 81, 101782.
Vatalis, K. I. (2017). Training sustainability through role playing in higher education. Progress in Industrial Ecology, an International Journal, 11(4), 361-372.
Wang, J., Ayres, H., & Huyton, J. (2010). Is tourism education meeting the needs of the tourism industry? An Australian case study. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 22(1), 8-14.
Zhang, H., Cho, T., Wang, H., & Ge, Q. (2018). The influence of cross-cultural awareness and tourist experience on authenticity, tourist satisfaction and acculturation in World Cultural Heritage Sites of Korea. Sustainability, 10(4), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10040927
Zhang, X., & Tavitiyaman, P. (2022). Sustainability courses in hospitality and tourism higher education: Perspectives from industry practitioners and students. Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education, 31, 100393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2022.100393
