Prostat Kanseri Tarama ve Erken Tanı
Özet
Erkeklerde en sık tanı konulan 2. kanser prostat kanseridir. Aile öyküsü ve etnisite, kalıtımsal yatkınlığı düşündüren artmış prostat kanseri insidansı ile ilişkilidir. Prostat kanserinden genellikle PSA seviyesi ölçümü ve/veya dijital rektal muayene ile şüphelenilir. Serum PSA düzeyi ya da dijital rektal muayene sonucu elde edilen veriler nedenli prostat kanserinden şüphelenilen hastalarda prostat biyopsisi yapılır. Prostat kanseri taramasının primer hedefi hastalığın tedavi edilebilir olduğu lokalize evrede tanı koymaktır. Prostat kanseri erken teşhis edildiğinde farklı ve etkin tedavi seçenekleri olan bir hastalıktır. Toplumun sıkça başvurduğu birinci basamak sağlık kuruluşlarında, toplumun prostat kanseri ve taramasına karşı bilinçlendirilmesi halk sağlığı açısından önem arz etmektedir.
Referanslar
Culp MB, Soerjomataram I, Efstathiou JA, Bray F, Jemal A. Recent Global Patterns in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates. Eur Urol. 2020;77(1):38-52.
Bell KJ, Del Mar C, Wright G, Dickinson J, Glasziou P. Prevalence of incidental prostate cancer: A systematic review of autopsy studies. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(7):1749-57.
Kimura T, Sato S, Takahashi H, Egawa S. Global Trends of Latent Prostate Cancer in Autopsy Studies. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(2).
Hemminki K. Familial risk and familial survival in prostate cancer. World J Urol. 2012;30(2):143-8.
Johns LE, Houlston RS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of familial prostate cancer risk. BJU Int. 2003;91(9):789-94.
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(1):7-30.
Sammon JD, Abdollah F, D'Amico A, Gettman M, Haese A, Suardi N, et al. Predicting Life Expectancy in Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2015;68(5):756-65.
Clarke NW, Hart CA, Brown MD. Molecular mechanisms of metastasis in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl. 2009;11(1):57-67.
Berish RB, Ali AN, Telmer PG, Ronald JA, Leong HS. Translational models of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Nat Rev Urol. 2018;15(7):403-21.
Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Briers E, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, et al. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2017;71(4):618-29.
Carvalhal GF, Smith DS, Mager DE, Ramos C, Catalona WJ. Digital rectal examination for detecting prostate cancer at prostate specific antigen levels of 4 ng./ml. or less. J Urol. 1999;161(3):835-9.
Prebay ZJ, Medairos R, Doolittle J, Langenstroer P, Jacobsohn K, See WA, et al. The prognostic value of digital rectal exam for the existence of advanced pathologic features after prostatectomy. Prostate. 2021;81(14):1064-70.
Lilja H, Ulmert D, Vickers AJ. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8(4):268-78.
Ilic D, Neuberger MM, Djulbegovic M, Dahm P. Screening for prostate cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(1).
Naji L, Randhawa H, Sohani Z, Dennis B, Lautenbach D, Kavanagh O, et al. Digital Rectal Examination for Prostate Cancer Screening in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2018;16(2):149-54.
Boyle HJ, Alibhai S, Decoster L, Efstathiou E, Fizazi K, Mottet N, et al. Updated recommendations of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology on prostate cancer management in older patients. Eur J Cancer. 2019;116:116-36.
Referanslar
Culp MB, Soerjomataram I, Efstathiou JA, Bray F, Jemal A. Recent Global Patterns in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates. Eur Urol. 2020;77(1):38-52.
Bell KJ, Del Mar C, Wright G, Dickinson J, Glasziou P. Prevalence of incidental prostate cancer: A systematic review of autopsy studies. Int J Cancer. 2015;137(7):1749-57.
Kimura T, Sato S, Takahashi H, Egawa S. Global Trends of Latent Prostate Cancer in Autopsy Studies. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(2).
Hemminki K. Familial risk and familial survival in prostate cancer. World J Urol. 2012;30(2):143-8.
Johns LE, Houlston RS. A systematic review and meta-analysis of familial prostate cancer risk. BJU Int. 2003;91(9):789-94.
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(1):7-30.
Sammon JD, Abdollah F, D'Amico A, Gettman M, Haese A, Suardi N, et al. Predicting Life Expectancy in Men Diagnosed with Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol. 2015;68(5):756-65.
Clarke NW, Hart CA, Brown MD. Molecular mechanisms of metastasis in prostate cancer. Asian J Androl. 2009;11(1):57-67.
Berish RB, Ali AN, Telmer PG, Ronald JA, Leong HS. Translational models of prostate cancer bone metastasis. Nat Rev Urol. 2018;15(7):403-21.
Mottet N, Bellmunt J, Bolla M, Briers E, Cumberbatch MG, De Santis M, et al. EAU-ESTRO-SIOG Guidelines on Prostate Cancer. Part 1: Screening, Diagnosis, and Local Treatment with Curative Intent. Eur Urol. 2017;71(4):618-29.
Carvalhal GF, Smith DS, Mager DE, Ramos C, Catalona WJ. Digital rectal examination for detecting prostate cancer at prostate specific antigen levels of 4 ng./ml. or less. J Urol. 1999;161(3):835-9.
Prebay ZJ, Medairos R, Doolittle J, Langenstroer P, Jacobsohn K, See WA, et al. The prognostic value of digital rectal exam for the existence of advanced pathologic features after prostatectomy. Prostate. 2021;81(14):1064-70.
Lilja H, Ulmert D, Vickers AJ. Prostate-specific antigen and prostate cancer: prediction, detection and monitoring. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8(4):268-78.
Ilic D, Neuberger MM, Djulbegovic M, Dahm P. Screening for prostate cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2013(1).
Naji L, Randhawa H, Sohani Z, Dennis B, Lautenbach D, Kavanagh O, et al. Digital Rectal Examination for Prostate Cancer Screening in Primary Care: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Ann Fam Med. 2018;16(2):149-54.
Boyle HJ, Alibhai S, Decoster L, Efstathiou E, Fizazi K, Mottet N, et al. Updated recommendations of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology on prostate cancer management in older patients. Eur J Cancer. 2019;116:116-36.
