Enürezis
Özet
Enürezis; çocukluk çağının en sık karşılaşılan üriner sistem patolojilerinden biridir. Amerikan Psikiyatri Birliği’nin (APA-DSM-V) tanımlamasına göre; 5 yaşından sonra, en az 3 ay boyunca ve haftada en az 2 kez ortaya çıkan veya klinik olarak belirgin bir bozulmanın meydana geldiği idrar kaçırma, enürezis olarak kabul edilir. Enürezis noktürna, gece uykuda görülen ve en sık karşılaşılan enürezis tipidir. Enürezis noktürna, eşlik eden semptom varlığına göre monosemptomatik (MNE) ve non-monosemptomatik (NMNE) enürezis noktürna olarak iki başlık altında incelenmelidir. MNE etyolojisi tam olarak aydınlatılamasa da multifaktöriyel olduğu düşünülmektedir. MNE tedavisi, destekleyici ve özgün tedavi olarak iki grupta incelenebilir.
Referanslar
Association AAP. American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
Franco I, von Gontard A, De Gennaro M. International Childrens's Continence Society. Evaluation and treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children's Continence Society. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(2):234-43.
Neveus T, Eggert P, Evans J, Macedo A, Rittig S, Tekgül S, et al. International Children’s Continence Society. Evaluation of and treatment for monosymptomatic enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol. 2010;183(2):441-7.
Djurhuus JC, Rittig S. Nocturnal enuresis. Current opinion in urology. 2002;12(4):317-20.
Egemen A, Akil I, Canda E, Ozyurt BC, Eser E. An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with enuresis nocturna. Pediatric Nephrology. 2008;23:93-8.
Akbal C, Genc Y, Burgu B, Ozden E, Tekgul S. Dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system: quantitative evaluation of incontinence symptoms in pediatric population. The Journal of urology. 2005;173(3):969-73.
Schaumburg H, Hollmann E, Eiberg H, Rittig S. The genetics of enuresis: a review. J Urol. 2001;166(6):2438.
Eiberg H, Berendt I, Mohr J. Assignment of dominant inherited nocturnal enuresis (ENUR1) to chromosome 13q. Nature genetics. 1995;10(3):354-6.
Koff SA. Estimating bladder capacity in children. Urology. 1983;21(3):248.
Rittig S, Knudsen U, Norgaard J, Pedersen E, Djurhuus J. Abnormal diurnal rhythm of plasma vasopressin and urinary output in patients with enuresis. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 1989;256(4):F664-F71.
Hjalmas K, Arnold T, Bower W, Caione P, Chiozza L, Von Gontard A, et al. Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy. The Journal of urology. 2004;171(6 Part 2):2545-61.
Kilic B, Olmez S, Gencoglan S, Keten H, Avci F, Olmez C, et al. PRİMER ENÜREZİS NOKTURNA TANILI ÇOCUKLARIN ANNELERİNİN YAŞAM KALİTESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi. 2015;6(23):1-7.
Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Nocturnal enuresis and behavioral problems in adolescence: a 15-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 1994;94(5):662-8.
Ornitz EM, Hanna GL, de Traversay J. Prestimulation‐induced startle modulation in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis. Psychophysiology. 1992;29(4):437-51.
Schmitt BD. Nocturnal enuresis. Pediatrics in review. 1997;18(6):183-91.
Avanoğlu A, Baskın E, Söylemezoğlu O, Tekgül S, Ziylan O, Zorludemir Ü. Türkiye enürezis çalışma grubu. Türkiye Enürezis Tedavi Kılavuzu. 2010:1-16.
Liu X, Sun Z, Uchiyama M, Li Y, Okawa M. Attaining nocturnal urinary control, nocturnal enuresis, and behavioral problems in Chinese children aged 6 through 16 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39(12):1557-64.
Longstaffe S, Moffatt ME, Whalen JC. Behavioral and self-concept changes after six months of enuresis treatment: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2000;105(Supplement_3):935-40.
Demirbas A, Gercek HG. The effect of screen time on the presentation and treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. BMC urology. 2023;23(1):1-5.
Ünal F. Enürezis nokturna. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi. 1996;17(5):789-802.
Glazener CM, Evans JH, Peto RE. Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005(2).
Butler RJ, Holland P, Gasson S, Norfolk S, Houghton L, Penney M. Exploring potential mechanisms in alarm treatment for primary nocturnal enuresis. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. 2007;41(5):407-13.
Van de Walle J, Van Herzeele C, Raes A. Is there still a role for desmopressin in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis? A focus on safety issues. Drug safety. 2010;33:261-71.
Koff SA. Cure of nocturnal enuresis: why isn’t desmopressin very effective? Pediatric Nephrology. 1996;10:667-70.
Referanslar
Association AAP. American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
Franco I, von Gontard A, De Gennaro M. International Childrens's Continence Society. Evaluation and treatment of nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children's Continence Society. J Pediatr Urol. 2013;9(2):234-43.
Neveus T, Eggert P, Evans J, Macedo A, Rittig S, Tekgül S, et al. International Children’s Continence Society. Evaluation of and treatment for monosymptomatic enuresis: a standardization document from the International Children’s Continence Society. J Urol. 2010;183(2):441-7.
Djurhuus JC, Rittig S. Nocturnal enuresis. Current opinion in urology. 2002;12(4):317-20.
Egemen A, Akil I, Canda E, Ozyurt BC, Eser E. An evaluation of quality of life of mothers of children with enuresis nocturna. Pediatric Nephrology. 2008;23:93-8.
Akbal C, Genc Y, Burgu B, Ozden E, Tekgul S. Dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system: quantitative evaluation of incontinence symptoms in pediatric population. The Journal of urology. 2005;173(3):969-73.
Schaumburg H, Hollmann E, Eiberg H, Rittig S. The genetics of enuresis: a review. J Urol. 2001;166(6):2438.
Eiberg H, Berendt I, Mohr J. Assignment of dominant inherited nocturnal enuresis (ENUR1) to chromosome 13q. Nature genetics. 1995;10(3):354-6.
Koff SA. Estimating bladder capacity in children. Urology. 1983;21(3):248.
Rittig S, Knudsen U, Norgaard J, Pedersen E, Djurhuus J. Abnormal diurnal rhythm of plasma vasopressin and urinary output in patients with enuresis. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 1989;256(4):F664-F71.
Hjalmas K, Arnold T, Bower W, Caione P, Chiozza L, Von Gontard A, et al. Nocturnal enuresis: an international evidence based management strategy. The Journal of urology. 2004;171(6 Part 2):2545-61.
Kilic B, Olmez S, Gencoglan S, Keten H, Avci F, Olmez C, et al. PRİMER ENÜREZİS NOKTURNA TANILI ÇOCUKLARIN ANNELERİNİN YAŞAM KALİTESİNİN BELİRLENMESİ. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tıp Dergisi. 2015;6(23):1-7.
Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ. Nocturnal enuresis and behavioral problems in adolescence: a 15-year longitudinal study. Pediatrics. 1994;94(5):662-8.
Ornitz EM, Hanna GL, de Traversay J. Prestimulation‐induced startle modulation in attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder and nocturnal enuresis. Psychophysiology. 1992;29(4):437-51.
Schmitt BD. Nocturnal enuresis. Pediatrics in review. 1997;18(6):183-91.
Avanoğlu A, Baskın E, Söylemezoğlu O, Tekgül S, Ziylan O, Zorludemir Ü. Türkiye enürezis çalışma grubu. Türkiye Enürezis Tedavi Kılavuzu. 2010:1-16.
Liu X, Sun Z, Uchiyama M, Li Y, Okawa M. Attaining nocturnal urinary control, nocturnal enuresis, and behavioral problems in Chinese children aged 6 through 16 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 2000;39(12):1557-64.
Longstaffe S, Moffatt ME, Whalen JC. Behavioral and self-concept changes after six months of enuresis treatment: a randomized, controlled trial. Pediatrics. 2000;105(Supplement_3):935-40.
Demirbas A, Gercek HG. The effect of screen time on the presentation and treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis. BMC urology. 2023;23(1):1-5.
Ünal F. Enürezis nokturna. Katkı Pediatri Dergisi. 1996;17(5):789-802.
Glazener CM, Evans JH, Peto RE. Alarm interventions for nocturnal enuresis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2005(2).
Butler RJ, Holland P, Gasson S, Norfolk S, Houghton L, Penney M. Exploring potential mechanisms in alarm treatment for primary nocturnal enuresis. Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. 2007;41(5):407-13.
Van de Walle J, Van Herzeele C, Raes A. Is there still a role for desmopressin in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis? A focus on safety issues. Drug safety. 2010;33:261-71.
Koff SA. Cure of nocturnal enuresis: why isn’t desmopressin very effective? Pediatric Nephrology. 1996;10:667-70.
