Elektriksel Kardiyoversiyon ve Defibrilasyon
Özet
Elektriksel kardiyoversiyon ve defibrilasyon, kardiyak aritmileri olan hastaların tedavisinde rutin prosedürler haline gelmiştir. Kardiyoversiyon, enerjinin QRS kompleksi ile senkronize olarak iletilmesidir, defibrilasyon ise kardiyak döngü sırasında senkronize olmayan bir şok iletilmesidir.Kardiyoversiyon, yeniden giriş devresinde yer alan dokuyu depolarize eden senkronize bir şok vererek aritmileri sonlandırır. Elektrot boyutu ve konumu, elde tutulan ve kendinden yapışkanlı yama elektrotları ve monofazik ve bifazik dalga biçimleri dahil olmak üzere, cihazla ilgili çeşitli faktörler başarılı kardiyoversiyon ve/veya defibrilasyon şansını etkileyecektir.
Referanslar
Gutschmidt HJ. Kammerflimmernundelektrische Defibrillation [Ventricular fibrillation and electric defibrillation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1989 Apr 21;114(16):648-9. German.
Lown B, Amarasıngham R, Neuman J. New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias. Use of synchronized capacitor discharge. JAMA. 1962 Nov3;182:548-55.
Chen PS, Wolf PD, Ideker RE. Mechanism of cardiac defibrillation. A different point of view. Circulation. 1991 Aug;84(2):913-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.84.2.913.
Otani NF. Deepentry of defibrillating effects into homogeneous cardiac tissue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2004 Mar;51(3):401-7. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2003.820995.
Botto GL, Politi A, Bonini W, Broffoni T, Bonatti R. External cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: role of paddle position on technical efficacy and energyr equirements. Heart. 1999 Dec;82(6):726-30. doi: 10.1136/hrt.82.6.726.
Stiell IG, Sivilotti MLA, Taljaard M, et al. Electrical versus pharmacological cardioversion for emergency department patients with acute atrial fibrillation (RAFF2): a partial factorial randomised trial. Lancet. 2020 Feb 1;395(10221):339-349. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32994-0.
Faddy SC, Jennings PA. Biphasic versus monophasic wave forms for trans thoracic defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2016 Feb 10;2(2):CD006762. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006762.pub2.
Schneider T, Martens PR, Paschen H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 150-J biphasic shocks compared with 200- to 360-J monophasic shocks in the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Optimized Response to Cardiac Arrest (ORCA) Investigators. Circulation. 2000;102(15):1780-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.15.1780.
Niebauer MJ, Chung MK, Brewer JE, Tchou PJ. Reduced cardioversion thresholds for atrial fibrillation and flutter using the recti linear biphasic wave form. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Jul;13(2):145-50. doi: 10.1007/s10840-005-0277-2.
10-Cheskes S, Verbeek PR, Drennan IR, et al. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022 Nov 24;387(21):1947-1956. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2207304.
Bak MAR, Blom MT, Koster RW, Ploem MC. Resuscitation with an AED: putting the data to use. Neth Heart J. 2021 Apr;29(4):179-185. doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01504-z. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
Link MS, Atkins DL, Passman RS, et al. Part 6: electrical therapies: automated external defibrillators, defibrillation, cardioversion, and pacing: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S706-19. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970954. Erratum in: Circulation. 2011 Feb 15;123(6):e235.
Windecker S, Ideker RE, Plumb VJ, Kay GN, Walcott GP, Epstein AE. The influence of ventricular fibrillation duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic wave forms in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Jan;33(1):33-8. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00529-4.
Dalzell GW, Adgey AA. Determinants of successful transthoracic defibrillationan do utcome in ventricular fibrillation. BrHeart J. 1991 Jun;65(6):311-6. doi: 10.1136/hrt.65.6.311.
Echt DS, Black JN, Barbey JT, Coxe DR, Cato E. Evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs on defibrillation energy requirements in dogs. Sodium channel block and action potential prolongation. Circulation. 1989 May;79(5):1106-17. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.79.5.1106.
Referanslar
Gutschmidt HJ. Kammerflimmernundelektrische Defibrillation [Ventricular fibrillation and electric defibrillation]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 1989 Apr 21;114(16):648-9. German.
Lown B, Amarasıngham R, Neuman J. New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias. Use of synchronized capacitor discharge. JAMA. 1962 Nov3;182:548-55.
Chen PS, Wolf PD, Ideker RE. Mechanism of cardiac defibrillation. A different point of view. Circulation. 1991 Aug;84(2):913-9. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.84.2.913.
Otani NF. Deepentry of defibrillating effects into homogeneous cardiac tissue. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng. 2004 Mar;51(3):401-7. doi: 10.1109/TBME.2003.820995.
Botto GL, Politi A, Bonini W, Broffoni T, Bonatti R. External cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: role of paddle position on technical efficacy and energyr equirements. Heart. 1999 Dec;82(6):726-30. doi: 10.1136/hrt.82.6.726.
Stiell IG, Sivilotti MLA, Taljaard M, et al. Electrical versus pharmacological cardioversion for emergency department patients with acute atrial fibrillation (RAFF2): a partial factorial randomised trial. Lancet. 2020 Feb 1;395(10221):339-349. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(19)32994-0.
Faddy SC, Jennings PA. Biphasic versus monophasic wave forms for trans thoracic defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Cochrane Database SystRev. 2016 Feb 10;2(2):CD006762. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD006762.pub2.
Schneider T, Martens PR, Paschen H, et al. Multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of 150-J biphasic shocks compared with 200- to 360-J monophasic shocks in the resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims. Optimized Response to Cardiac Arrest (ORCA) Investigators. Circulation. 2000;102(15):1780-7. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.15.1780.
Niebauer MJ, Chung MK, Brewer JE, Tchou PJ. Reduced cardioversion thresholds for atrial fibrillation and flutter using the recti linear biphasic wave form. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2005 Jul;13(2):145-50. doi: 10.1007/s10840-005-0277-2.
10-Cheskes S, Verbeek PR, Drennan IR, et al. Defibrillation Strategies for Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2022 Nov 24;387(21):1947-1956. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2207304.
Bak MAR, Blom MT, Koster RW, Ploem MC. Resuscitation with an AED: putting the data to use. Neth Heart J. 2021 Apr;29(4):179-185. doi: 10.1007/s12471-020-01504-z. Epub 2020 Oct 14.
Link MS, Atkins DL, Passman RS, et al. Part 6: electrical therapies: automated external defibrillators, defibrillation, cardioversion, and pacing: 2010 American Heart Association Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Circulation. 2010 Nov 2;122(18 Suppl 3):S706-19. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.970954. Erratum in: Circulation. 2011 Feb 15;123(6):e235.
Windecker S, Ideker RE, Plumb VJ, Kay GN, Walcott GP, Epstein AE. The influence of ventricular fibrillation duration on defibrillation efficacy using biphasic wave forms in humans. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999 Jan;33(1):33-8. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00529-4.
Dalzell GW, Adgey AA. Determinants of successful transthoracic defibrillationan do utcome in ventricular fibrillation. BrHeart J. 1991 Jun;65(6):311-6. doi: 10.1136/hrt.65.6.311.
Echt DS, Black JN, Barbey JT, Coxe DR, Cato E. Evaluation of antiarrhythmic drugs on defibrillation energy requirements in dogs. Sodium channel block and action potential prolongation. Circulation. 1989 May;79(5):1106-17. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.79.5.1106.
