Sürü Sağlığı Yönetiminde Biyogüvenliğin Yeri ve Hastalık Ekonomisindeki Önemi
Özet
Bulaşıcı hayvan hastalıklarının etkisi ve kontrol altına alınması için alınacak önlemler hayvan sağlığı, halk sağlığı, gıda güvenliği ve hastalık-sürü sağlığı ekonomisi açısından büyük önem taşımaktadır. Avrupa Komisyonu’nun Hayvan Sağlığı Stratejisi vizyonunu uygulamak için, “önlemek tedavi et- mekten iyidir” yaklaşımı ile Avrupa Birliği Hayvan Sağlığı Yasası’nın temel yaklaşımında, biyogüvenliğin, bu tür hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasını ve yayıl- masını önlemede kilit araçlardan biri olduğu belirtilmektedir. Biyogüvenlik ilkeleri; sadece patojenlerin hayvanlar arasında yayılmasını sınırlamak için değil, aynı zamanda hayvanlardan insanlara ve insanlardan hayvanlara da bulaşabilen zoonoz hastalıkların yayılımını sınırlamak veya tamamen önlemek için gereklidir. Bu yaklaşım, insan sağlığının özünde hayvan sağlığı ve çevre ile bağlantılı olduğunu kabul eden ‘Tek Sağlık’ kavramı olarak da bilinir. Bu kavrama uygun olarak biyogüvenlik kavramını tanımlayacak olursak; hayvan sağlığının korunmasına yönelik uygulanan hastalık önleme stratejilerinin aynı zamanda çevrenin ve insan sağlığının korunmasına da hizmet eden bütüncül bir kavramdır.
Referanslar
Agren ECC, Frossling J, Wahlstrom H, Emanuelson U, Sternberg Lewerin S, 2017. A questionnaire study of associations between potential risk factors and salmonella status in Swedish dairy herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 143, 21-29.
Alkan F, Parlak K, Sulu K, 2021. Koyun ve keçilerin ayak hastalıklarında tanı ve tedavi yöntemleri ile koruyucu önlemler. Akademisyen Kitabevi, Bölüm 4, syf 215-224. ISBN 978-625-8037- 50-0
Amass SF, Clark LK, 1999. Biosecurity considerations for pork production units. Journal of Swine Health and Production 7, 217-228.
Backhans A, Sjolund M, Lindberg A, Emanuelson U, 2015. Biosecurity level and health manage- ment practices in 60 Swedish farrow-to-finish herds. Acta Vet Scand 57, 14.
Barcelo J, Marco E, 1998. On-farm biosecurity. In: Proceedings of the 15th IPVS Congress, Bir- mingham, England, 5-9 July, 129-133.
Boklund A, 2008. Exotic disease in swine: Evaluation of biosecurity and control of strategies for classical swine fever. PhD Thesis, Denmark.
Can MF, Altuğ N, Kaygisiz F, 2020. Biosecurity levels of livestock enterprises in Turkey and factors affecting these levels.Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 44(3), 632-640.
Cardwell JM, Van Winden S, Beauvais W, Mastin A, De Glanville WA, Hardstaff J, Booth RE, Fishwick J, Pfeiffer DU, 2016. Assessing the impact of tailored biosecurity advice on farmer behaviour and pathogen presence in beef herds in England and Wales. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 135, 9-16.
Casal J, De Manuel A, Mateu E, Martin M, 2007. Biosecurity measures on swine farms in Spain: Perceptions by farmers and their relationship to current on-farm measures. Preventive Vete- rinary Medicine 82, 138-150.
Collineau L, Backhans A, Dewulf J, Emanuelson U, Grosse Beilage E, Lehebel A, Losken S, Okholm Nielsen E, Postma M, Sjolund M, Stark KDC, Belloc C, 2017a. Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low antimicrobial use within four European countries. Veterinary Re- cord, 181(24), 657-657.
Collineau L, Rojo-Gimeno, C, Leger A, Backhans A, Loesken S, Nielsen EO, Postma M, Emanu- elson U, Beilage EG, Sjolund M, Wauters E, Stark KDC, Dewulf J, Belloc C, Krebs S, 2017b. Herd-specific interventions to reduce antimicrobial use in pig production without jeopar- dising technical and economic performance. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 144, 167-178.
Correge I, Fourchon P, Le Brun T, Berthelot N, 2012. Biosecurite et hygiene en elevage de porcs: etat des lieux et impact sur les performances technico-economiques. Journees Recherche Por- cine 44, 101-102.
Dewulf J, Immerseel FV, 2019. General principles of biosecurity in animal production and vete- rinary medicine. Biosecurity in animal production and veterinary medicine: from principles to practice, 63-76.
Donaldson A, 2013. Governing biosecurity. In Biosecurity (pp. 75-88). Routledge.
Dors A, Czyzewska E, Pomorska-Mol M, Kolacz R., Pejsak Z, 2013. Effect of various husbandry conditions on the production parameters of swine herds in Poland. Polish Journal of Veteri- nary Sciences 16, 707-713.
Fasina FO, Lazarus DD, Spencer BT, Makinde AA, Bastos ADS, 2012. Cost Implications of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Farrow-to-Finish Units: Economic Benefits of Disease Prevention Through Biosecurity. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 59, 244-255.
Fraser RW, Williams NT, Powell LF, Cook AJC, 2010. Reducing Campylobacter and Salmonella In- fection: Two Studies of the Economic Cost and Attitude to Adoption of On-farm Biosecurity Measures. Zoonoses and Public Health 57, e109-e115.
Gibbens JC, Pascoe SJS, Evans SJ, Davies RH, Sayers AR, 2001. A trial of biosecurity as a means to control Campylobacter infection of broiler chickens. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 48, 85-99.
Gillespie AV, Grove-White DH, Williams HJ, 2015. Husbandry, health and biosecurity of the smal- lholder and pet pig population in England. Veterinary Record 177, 47.
Gosling RJ, Martelli F, Wintrip A, Sayers AR, Wheeler K, Davies RH, 2014. Assessment of produ- cers’ response to Salmonella biosecurity issues and uptake of advice on laying hen farms in England and Wales. British Poultry Science 55, 559-568.
Hernandez-Jover M, Higgins V, Bryant M, Rast L, McShane C, 2016. Biosecurity and the mana- gement of emergency animal disease among commercial beef producers in New South Wales and Queensland (Australia). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134, 92-102.
Higgins V, Bryant M, Hernández‐Jover M, Rast L, McShane C, 2018. Devolved responsibility and on‐farm biosecurity: practices of biosecure farming care in livestock production. Sociologia ruralis, 58(1), 20-39.
Hoe FGH, Ruegg PL, 2006. Opinions and Practices of Wisconsin Dairy Producers About Biosecu- rity and Animal Well-Being. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2297-2308.
Kompas T, Nguyen HTM, Ha PV, 2015. Food and biosecurity: livestock production and towards a world free of foot-and-mouth disease. Food Security, 7(2), 291-302.
Kouam MK, Jacouba M, Moussala JO, 2020. Management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa). Veterinary Medicine and Scien- ce, 6(1), 82-91.
Laanen M, Maes D, Hendriksen C, Gelaude P, De Vliegher S, Rosseel Y, Dewulf J, 2014. Pig, cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on dise- ase prevention and on-farm biosecurity. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 115, 1-9.
Laanen M, Persoons D, Ribbens S, de Jong, E, Callen B, Strubbe M, Maes D, Dewulf J, 2013. Re- lationship between biosecurity and production/antimicrobial treatment characteristics in pig herds. The Veterinary Journal 198, 508-512.
Lambert M-E, Arsenault J, Poljak Z, D’Allaire S, 2012a. Epidemiological investigations in regard to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Quebec, Canada. Part 2: Prevalen- ce and risk factors in breeding sites. Prev Vet Med 104.
Maes D, Segales J, Meyns T, Sibila M, Pieters M, Haesebrouck F, 2008. Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 126, 297-309.
Millman C, Christley R, Rigby D, Dennis D, O’Brien SJ, Williams N, 2017. ‘Catch 22’: Biosecurity awareness, interpretation and practice amongst poultry catchers. Preventive Veterinary Me- dicine 141, 22-32.
Pletinckx LJ, Verhegghe M, Crombe F, Dewulf J, De Bleecker Y, Rasschaert G, Butaye P, Goddeeris BM, De Man I, 2013. Evidence of possible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 spread between pigs and other animals and people residing on the same farm. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 109, 293-303.
Postma M, Dewulf J, 2019. Biosecurity and its relationship with health, production and antimic- robial use. Biosecurity in animal production and veterinary medicine: from principles to pra- ctice, 77-94.
Postma M, Backhans A, Collineau L, Loesken S, Sjolund M, Belloc C, Emanuelson U, Grosse Be- ilage E, Nielsen EO, Stark KDC, Dewulf J, 2016b. Evaluation of the relationship between the biosecurity status, production parameters, herd characteristics and antimicrobial use in far- row-to-finish pig production in four EU countries. Porcine Health Management 2, 9.
Postma M, Backhans A, Collineau L, Loesken S, Sjolund M, Belloc C, Dewulf J, 2016. The bio- security status and its associations with production and management characteristics in far- row-to-finish pig herds. Animal, 10(3), 478-489.
Postma, M., Vanderhaeghen, W., Sarrazin, S., Maes, D., Dewulf, J., 2017. Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Pig Production without Jeopardising Production Parameters. Zoonoses and Public Health 64, 63-74.
Ritter C, Jansen J, Roth K, Kastelic JP, Adams CL, Barkema HW, 2016. Dairy farmers percepti- ons toward the implementation of on-farm Johne’s disease prevention and control strategies. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 9114-9125.
Sahlstrom L, Virtanen T, Kyyro J, Lyytikainen T, 2014. Biosecurity on Finnish cattle, pig and sheep farms – results from a questionnaire. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 117, 59-67.
Sarrazin S, Cay AB, Laureyns J, Dewulf J, 2014. A survey on biosecurity and management practices in selected Belgian cattle farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 117, 129-139.
Shortall, O., Green, M., Brennan, M., Wapenaar, W., Kaler, J., 2017. Exploring expert opinion on the practicality and effectiveness of biosecurity measures on dairy farms in the United King- dom using choice modeling. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 2225-2239.
Valeeva NI, van Asseldonk MAPM, Backus GBC, 2011. Perceived risk and strategy efficacy as motivators of risk management strategy adoption to prevent animal diseases in pig farming. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102, 284-295.
Velkers FC., Blokhuis SJ, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Burt SA, 2017. The role of rodents in avian influen- za outbreaks in poultry farms: a review. Veterinary Quarterly 37, 182-194.
Zhang Y-H Li, C-S, Liu C-C, Chen, KZ, 2013. Prevention of losses for hog farmers in China: In- surance, on-farm biosecurity practices, and vaccination. Research in Veterinary Science 95, 819-824.
Referanslar
Agren ECC, Frossling J, Wahlstrom H, Emanuelson U, Sternberg Lewerin S, 2017. A questionnaire study of associations between potential risk factors and salmonella status in Swedish dairy herds. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 143, 21-29.
Alkan F, Parlak K, Sulu K, 2021. Koyun ve keçilerin ayak hastalıklarında tanı ve tedavi yöntemleri ile koruyucu önlemler. Akademisyen Kitabevi, Bölüm 4, syf 215-224. ISBN 978-625-8037- 50-0
Amass SF, Clark LK, 1999. Biosecurity considerations for pork production units. Journal of Swine Health and Production 7, 217-228.
Backhans A, Sjolund M, Lindberg A, Emanuelson U, 2015. Biosecurity level and health manage- ment practices in 60 Swedish farrow-to-finish herds. Acta Vet Scand 57, 14.
Barcelo J, Marco E, 1998. On-farm biosecurity. In: Proceedings of the 15th IPVS Congress, Bir- mingham, England, 5-9 July, 129-133.
Boklund A, 2008. Exotic disease in swine: Evaluation of biosecurity and control of strategies for classical swine fever. PhD Thesis, Denmark.
Can MF, Altuğ N, Kaygisiz F, 2020. Biosecurity levels of livestock enterprises in Turkey and factors affecting these levels.Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, 44(3), 632-640.
Cardwell JM, Van Winden S, Beauvais W, Mastin A, De Glanville WA, Hardstaff J, Booth RE, Fishwick J, Pfeiffer DU, 2016. Assessing the impact of tailored biosecurity advice on farmer behaviour and pathogen presence in beef herds in England and Wales. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 135, 9-16.
Casal J, De Manuel A, Mateu E, Martin M, 2007. Biosecurity measures on swine farms in Spain: Perceptions by farmers and their relationship to current on-farm measures. Preventive Vete- rinary Medicine 82, 138-150.
Collineau L, Backhans A, Dewulf J, Emanuelson U, Grosse Beilage E, Lehebel A, Losken S, Okholm Nielsen E, Postma M, Sjolund M, Stark KDC, Belloc C, 2017a. Profile of pig farms combining high performance and low antimicrobial use within four European countries. Veterinary Re- cord, 181(24), 657-657.
Collineau L, Rojo-Gimeno, C, Leger A, Backhans A, Loesken S, Nielsen EO, Postma M, Emanu- elson U, Beilage EG, Sjolund M, Wauters E, Stark KDC, Dewulf J, Belloc C, Krebs S, 2017b. Herd-specific interventions to reduce antimicrobial use in pig production without jeopar- dising technical and economic performance. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 144, 167-178.
Correge I, Fourchon P, Le Brun T, Berthelot N, 2012. Biosecurite et hygiene en elevage de porcs: etat des lieux et impact sur les performances technico-economiques. Journees Recherche Por- cine 44, 101-102.
Dewulf J, Immerseel FV, 2019. General principles of biosecurity in animal production and vete- rinary medicine. Biosecurity in animal production and veterinary medicine: from principles to practice, 63-76.
Donaldson A, 2013. Governing biosecurity. In Biosecurity (pp. 75-88). Routledge.
Dors A, Czyzewska E, Pomorska-Mol M, Kolacz R., Pejsak Z, 2013. Effect of various husbandry conditions on the production parameters of swine herds in Poland. Polish Journal of Veteri- nary Sciences 16, 707-713.
Fasina FO, Lazarus DD, Spencer BT, Makinde AA, Bastos ADS, 2012. Cost Implications of African Swine Fever in Smallholder Farrow-to-Finish Units: Economic Benefits of Disease Prevention Through Biosecurity. Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 59, 244-255.
Fraser RW, Williams NT, Powell LF, Cook AJC, 2010. Reducing Campylobacter and Salmonella In- fection: Two Studies of the Economic Cost and Attitude to Adoption of On-farm Biosecurity Measures. Zoonoses and Public Health 57, e109-e115.
Gibbens JC, Pascoe SJS, Evans SJ, Davies RH, Sayers AR, 2001. A trial of biosecurity as a means to control Campylobacter infection of broiler chickens. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 48, 85-99.
Gillespie AV, Grove-White DH, Williams HJ, 2015. Husbandry, health and biosecurity of the smal- lholder and pet pig population in England. Veterinary Record 177, 47.
Gosling RJ, Martelli F, Wintrip A, Sayers AR, Wheeler K, Davies RH, 2014. Assessment of produ- cers’ response to Salmonella biosecurity issues and uptake of advice on laying hen farms in England and Wales. British Poultry Science 55, 559-568.
Hernandez-Jover M, Higgins V, Bryant M, Rast L, McShane C, 2016. Biosecurity and the mana- gement of emergency animal disease among commercial beef producers in New South Wales and Queensland (Australia). Preventive Veterinary Medicine 134, 92-102.
Higgins V, Bryant M, Hernández‐Jover M, Rast L, McShane C, 2018. Devolved responsibility and on‐farm biosecurity: practices of biosecure farming care in livestock production. Sociologia ruralis, 58(1), 20-39.
Hoe FGH, Ruegg PL, 2006. Opinions and Practices of Wisconsin Dairy Producers About Biosecu- rity and Animal Well-Being. Journal of Dairy Science 89, 2297-2308.
Kompas T, Nguyen HTM, Ha PV, 2015. Food and biosecurity: livestock production and towards a world free of foot-and-mouth disease. Food Security, 7(2), 291-302.
Kouam MK, Jacouba M, Moussala JO, 2020. Management and biosecurity practices on pig farms in the Western Highlands of Cameroon (Central Africa). Veterinary Medicine and Scien- ce, 6(1), 82-91.
Laanen M, Maes D, Hendriksen C, Gelaude P, De Vliegher S, Rosseel Y, Dewulf J, 2014. Pig, cattle and poultry farmers with a known interest in research have comparable perspectives on dise- ase prevention and on-farm biosecurity. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 115, 1-9.
Laanen M, Persoons D, Ribbens S, de Jong, E, Callen B, Strubbe M, Maes D, Dewulf J, 2013. Re- lationship between biosecurity and production/antimicrobial treatment characteristics in pig herds. The Veterinary Journal 198, 508-512.
Lambert M-E, Arsenault J, Poljak Z, D’Allaire S, 2012a. Epidemiological investigations in regard to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) in Quebec, Canada. Part 2: Prevalen- ce and risk factors in breeding sites. Prev Vet Med 104.
Maes D, Segales J, Meyns T, Sibila M, Pieters M, Haesebrouck F, 2008. Control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections in pigs. Veterinary Microbiology 126, 297-309.
Millman C, Christley R, Rigby D, Dennis D, O’Brien SJ, Williams N, 2017. ‘Catch 22’: Biosecurity awareness, interpretation and practice amongst poultry catchers. Preventive Veterinary Me- dicine 141, 22-32.
Pletinckx LJ, Verhegghe M, Crombe F, Dewulf J, De Bleecker Y, Rasschaert G, Butaye P, Goddeeris BM, De Man I, 2013. Evidence of possible methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 spread between pigs and other animals and people residing on the same farm. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 109, 293-303.
Postma M, Dewulf J, 2019. Biosecurity and its relationship with health, production and antimic- robial use. Biosecurity in animal production and veterinary medicine: from principles to pra- ctice, 77-94.
Postma M, Backhans A, Collineau L, Loesken S, Sjolund M, Belloc C, Emanuelson U, Grosse Be- ilage E, Nielsen EO, Stark KDC, Dewulf J, 2016b. Evaluation of the relationship between the biosecurity status, production parameters, herd characteristics and antimicrobial use in far- row-to-finish pig production in four EU countries. Porcine Health Management 2, 9.
Postma M, Backhans A, Collineau L, Loesken S, Sjolund M, Belloc C, Dewulf J, 2016. The bio- security status and its associations with production and management characteristics in far- row-to-finish pig herds. Animal, 10(3), 478-489.
Postma, M., Vanderhaeghen, W., Sarrazin, S., Maes, D., Dewulf, J., 2017. Reducing Antimicrobial Use in Pig Production without Jeopardising Production Parameters. Zoonoses and Public Health 64, 63-74.
Ritter C, Jansen J, Roth K, Kastelic JP, Adams CL, Barkema HW, 2016. Dairy farmers percepti- ons toward the implementation of on-farm Johne’s disease prevention and control strategies. Journal of Dairy Science 99, 9114-9125.
Sahlstrom L, Virtanen T, Kyyro J, Lyytikainen T, 2014. Biosecurity on Finnish cattle, pig and sheep farms – results from a questionnaire. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 117, 59-67.
Sarrazin S, Cay AB, Laureyns J, Dewulf J, 2014. A survey on biosecurity and management practices in selected Belgian cattle farms. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 117, 129-139.
Shortall, O., Green, M., Brennan, M., Wapenaar, W., Kaler, J., 2017. Exploring expert opinion on the practicality and effectiveness of biosecurity measures on dairy farms in the United King- dom using choice modeling. Journal of Dairy Science 100, 2225-2239.
Valeeva NI, van Asseldonk MAPM, Backus GBC, 2011. Perceived risk and strategy efficacy as motivators of risk management strategy adoption to prevent animal diseases in pig farming. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 102, 284-295.
Velkers FC., Blokhuis SJ, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Burt SA, 2017. The role of rodents in avian influen- za outbreaks in poultry farms: a review. Veterinary Quarterly 37, 182-194.
Zhang Y-H Li, C-S, Liu C-C, Chen, KZ, 2013. Prevention of losses for hog farmers in China: In- surance, on-farm biosecurity practices, and vaccination. Research in Veterinary Science 95, 819-824.
