İnfertilite ve Kontrasepsiyon
Özet
İnfertilite, vücudun temel üreme işlevlerini yerine getirme yeteneğini bozan bir üreme sistemi hastalığıdır. Dünya çapında üreme çağındaki çiftlerin %15’i infertiliteden etkilenmektedir. Doğal doğurganlığın optimizasyonunda yaş, diyet ve yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri, fertil pencere, ovulasyonun izlenmesi, cinsel ilişki sıklığı önemlidir. İnfertil çiftlerin değerlendirilmesinde; öykü, fiziksel muayene ve tanı testlerinden yararlanılmaktadır. İnfertilite tedavisi; ilaç, cerrahi, intrauterin inseminasyon veya üremeye yardımcı tedavi ile gerçekleştirilebilmektedir. İnfertilite tanı ve tedavisi; çifti tıbbi, psikolojik, sosyal ve finansal olarak etkileyebilir. İnfertilite sürecinde yapılacak bilgilendirme; uyumu artırmayı, beklenti kaygısını ve stresi azaltmayı, hastanın tedaviyle ilgili konulardaki bilgisini artırmayı sağlamaktadır. Bakımın çiftlerin duygusal ve sosyal ihtiyaçlarını karşılaması önemlidir.
Referanslar
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2015). Sexual Dysfunction and infertility. Erişim adresi: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/sexual-dysfunction-and-infertility/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2017). Infertility: an overview. Erişim adresi https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/infertility-an-overview-booklet/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2018). Assisted reproductive technology. Erişim adresi https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/art-booklet2.pdf
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2022). Does My Age Affect My Fertility? Erişim adresi: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/does-my-age-affect-my-fertility/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2022). Infographic gallery. Erişim adresi: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/resources/infographic-gallery/
Anwar, S., & Anwar, A. (2016). Infertility: a review on causes, treatment and management. Women’s Health & Gynecology, 2(6),1-5.
Bond S. M., Mccool W. F., Brucker M. C. (2019). Gynecologic disorders. T. King, M. Brucker, K. Osborne, C. Jevitt (Ed.) In: Varney’s Midwifery. 6th ed. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Boulet, S. L., Smith, R. A., Crawford, S., Kissin, D. M., & Warner, L. (2017). Health-related quality of life for women ever experiencing infertility or difficulty staying pregnant. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21(10), 1918–1926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2307-y
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Infertility faqs. Erişim adresi https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility/index.htm
Çağlar M., Satılmış Güngör İ. (2019). İnfertilite ve yaşam kalitesi: Sistematik derleme. Androl Bul,21:170−176 https://doi.org/10.24898/tandro.2019.79836
Edwards, S., Gordon-Pinnell, S., MacCutcheon, K. (2018). Tools for effective nursing in the care of the infertile patient. S.R. Bayer, M.M. Alper, A.S. Penzias (Ed.), In: The Boston IVF Handbook of Infertility A Practical Guide for Practitioners Who Care for Infertile Couples. (p.202-210). 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Erdem A (2011). İntrauterin İnseminasyon. Ö. Çelik (Ed.). Yardımcı Üreme Teknikleri Temel Klinik ve Embriyolojik Uygulamalar içinde. (s.231-242). Adana, Adana Nobel Kitabevi.
Gameiro, S., Boivin, J., Dancet, E., de Klerk, C., Emery, M., Lewis-Jones, C., Thorn, P., Van den Broeck, U., Venetis, C., Verhaak, C. M., Wischmann, T., & Vermeulen, N. (2015). ESHRE guideline: routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction-a guide for fertility staff. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 30(11), 2476–2485. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev177
Kiani, Z., Simbar, M., Hajian, S., Zayeri, F., Shahidi, M., Saei Ghare Naz, M., & Ghasemi, V. (2020). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in infertile women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility Research and Practice, 6, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-020-00076-1
Lobo, R. A. (2016). Infertility. Lobo R.A., Gershenson D.M., Lentz G.M., Valea F.A. (Ed.), In: Comprehensive Gynecology (p:923). 7th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Mancuso, P. (2014). Infertility, contraception, and abortion. S.E. Perry, M.J. Hockenberry, D.L. Lowdermilk, D. Wilson (Ed.). In: Maternal Child Nursing Care. (p.109-139). Canada: Elsevier.
Martins, M. V., Basto-Pereira, M., Pedro, J., Peterson, B., Almeida, V., Schmidt, L., & Costa, M. E. (2016). Male psychological adaptation to unsuccessful medically assisted reproduction treatments: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 22(4), 466–478. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmw009
Mascarenhas, M. N., Flaxman, S. R., Boerma, T., Vanderpoel, S., & Stevens, G. A. (2012). National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Medicine, 9(12), e1001356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356
Peck, S. (2019). Infertility. S.S. Murray, S.E. McKinney, K. Holub, R. Iones (Ed.). In: Foundations of Maternal-Newborn and Women’s Health Nursing. (p.718-36.). 7th ed. Missouri: Elsevier.
Resmi Gazete. (2014). Üremeye yardımcı tedavi uygulamaları ve üremeye yardımcı tedavi merkezleri hakkında yönetmelik. Sayı: 2014/29135 Erişim adresi http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/09/20140930-4.htm
Ricci, S.S. (2017). Infertility. In: Essentials of Maternity, Newborn, and Women’s Health Nursing. (p.329-345.). 4th ed. China: Wolters Kluwer.
Sarac, M., & Koc, I. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of infertility in Turkey: evidence from demographic and health surveys, 1993-2013. Journal of Biosocial Science, 50(4), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932017000244
Taebi, M., Simbar, M., & Abdolahian, S. (2018). Psychological empowerment strategies in infertile women: A systematic review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7, 68. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_151_15
Wilson, C., & Leese, B. (2013). Do nurses and midwives have a role in promoting the well-being of patients during their fertility journey? A review of the literature. Human Fertility (Cambridge, England), 16(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2013.781687
World Health Organization. (2010). WHO Laboratuvar El Kitabı İnsan Semeninin İncelenmesi ve İşlemlerden Geçirilmesi. 5. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
World Healh Organization. (2022). Infertility. Erişim adresi https://www.who.int/health-topics/infertility#tab=tab_1
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., Dyer, S., Racowsky, C., de Mouzon, J., Sokol, R., Rienzi, L., Sunde, A., Schmidt, L., Cooke, I. D., Simpson, J. L., & van der Poel, S. (2017). The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 32(9), 1786–1801. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex234
Referanslar
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2015). Sexual Dysfunction and infertility. Erişim adresi: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/sexual-dysfunction-and-infertility/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2017). Infertility: an overview. Erişim adresi https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/infertility-an-overview-booklet/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine. (2018). Assisted reproductive technology. Erişim adresi https://www.reproductivefacts.org/globalassets/rf/news-and-publications/bookletsfact-sheets/english-fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/art-booklet2.pdf
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2022). Does My Age Affect My Fertility? Erişim adresi: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/news-and-publications/patient-fact-sheets-and-booklets/documents/fact-sheets-and-info-booklets/does-my-age-affect-my-fertility/
American Society for Reproductive Medicine (2022). Infographic gallery. Erişim adresi: https://www.reproductivefacts.org/resources/infographic-gallery/
Anwar, S., & Anwar, A. (2016). Infertility: a review on causes, treatment and management. Women’s Health & Gynecology, 2(6),1-5.
Bond S. M., Mccool W. F., Brucker M. C. (2019). Gynecologic disorders. T. King, M. Brucker, K. Osborne, C. Jevitt (Ed.) In: Varney’s Midwifery. 6th ed. Burlington, Massachusetts: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
Boulet, S. L., Smith, R. A., Crawford, S., Kissin, D. M., & Warner, L. (2017). Health-related quality of life for women ever experiencing infertility or difficulty staying pregnant. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21(10), 1918–1926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-017-2307-y
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Infertility faqs. Erişim adresi https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/infertility/index.htm
Çağlar M., Satılmış Güngör İ. (2019). İnfertilite ve yaşam kalitesi: Sistematik derleme. Androl Bul,21:170−176 https://doi.org/10.24898/tandro.2019.79836
Edwards, S., Gordon-Pinnell, S., MacCutcheon, K. (2018). Tools for effective nursing in the care of the infertile patient. S.R. Bayer, M.M. Alper, A.S. Penzias (Ed.), In: The Boston IVF Handbook of Infertility A Practical Guide for Practitioners Who Care for Infertile Couples. (p.202-210). 4th ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
Erdem A (2011). İntrauterin İnseminasyon. Ö. Çelik (Ed.). Yardımcı Üreme Teknikleri Temel Klinik ve Embriyolojik Uygulamalar içinde. (s.231-242). Adana, Adana Nobel Kitabevi.
Gameiro, S., Boivin, J., Dancet, E., de Klerk, C., Emery, M., Lewis-Jones, C., Thorn, P., Van den Broeck, U., Venetis, C., Verhaak, C. M., Wischmann, T., & Vermeulen, N. (2015). ESHRE guideline: routine psychosocial care in infertility and medically assisted reproduction-a guide for fertility staff. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 30(11), 2476–2485. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dev177
Kiani, Z., Simbar, M., Hajian, S., Zayeri, F., Shahidi, M., Saei Ghare Naz, M., & Ghasemi, V. (2020). The prevalence of anxiety symptoms in infertile women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility Research and Practice, 6, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40738-020-00076-1
Lobo, R. A. (2016). Infertility. Lobo R.A., Gershenson D.M., Lentz G.M., Valea F.A. (Ed.), In: Comprehensive Gynecology (p:923). 7th ed. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
Mancuso, P. (2014). Infertility, contraception, and abortion. S.E. Perry, M.J. Hockenberry, D.L. Lowdermilk, D. Wilson (Ed.). In: Maternal Child Nursing Care. (p.109-139). Canada: Elsevier.
Martins, M. V., Basto-Pereira, M., Pedro, J., Peterson, B., Almeida, V., Schmidt, L., & Costa, M. E. (2016). Male psychological adaptation to unsuccessful medically assisted reproduction treatments: a systematic review. Human Reproduction Update, 22(4), 466–478. https://doi.org/10.1093/humupd/dmw009
Mascarenhas, M. N., Flaxman, S. R., Boerma, T., Vanderpoel, S., & Stevens, G. A. (2012). National, regional, and global trends in infertility prevalence since 1990: a systematic analysis of 277 health surveys. PLoS Medicine, 9(12), e1001356. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001356
Peck, S. (2019). Infertility. S.S. Murray, S.E. McKinney, K. Holub, R. Iones (Ed.). In: Foundations of Maternal-Newborn and Women’s Health Nursing. (p.718-36.). 7th ed. Missouri: Elsevier.
Resmi Gazete. (2014). Üremeye yardımcı tedavi uygulamaları ve üremeye yardımcı tedavi merkezleri hakkında yönetmelik. Sayı: 2014/29135 Erişim adresi http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2014/09/20140930-4.htm
Ricci, S.S. (2017). Infertility. In: Essentials of Maternity, Newborn, and Women’s Health Nursing. (p.329-345.). 4th ed. China: Wolters Kluwer.
Sarac, M., & Koc, I. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of infertility in Turkey: evidence from demographic and health surveys, 1993-2013. Journal of Biosocial Science, 50(4), 472–490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021932017000244
Taebi, M., Simbar, M., & Abdolahian, S. (2018). Psychological empowerment strategies in infertile women: A systematic review. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 7, 68. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp_151_15
Wilson, C., & Leese, B. (2013). Do nurses and midwives have a role in promoting the well-being of patients during their fertility journey? A review of the literature. Human Fertility (Cambridge, England), 16(1), 2–7. https://doi.org/10.3109/14647273.2013.781687
World Health Organization. (2010). WHO Laboratuvar El Kitabı İnsan Semeninin İncelenmesi ve İşlemlerden Geçirilmesi. 5. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
World Healh Organization. (2022). Infertility. Erişim adresi https://www.who.int/health-topics/infertility#tab=tab_1
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Adamson, G. D., Dyer, S., Racowsky, C., de Mouzon, J., Sokol, R., Rienzi, L., Sunde, A., Schmidt, L., Cooke, I. D., Simpson, J. L., & van der Poel, S. (2017). The International Glossary on Infertility and Fertility Care, 2017. Human Reproduction (Oxford, England), 32(9), 1786–1801. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dex234
