Göç/Afet ve Savaşlarda Kontrasepsiyon
Özet
Kapsamlı cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı hizmetlerine erişim bireylerin, ailelerin ve toplulukların refahı için kritik öneme sahiptir. Kontraseptif kullanımı, bireylerin kendi üreme hedeflerini gerçekleştirmelerine, böylece onların eğitim, istihdam ve finansal hedeflerine ulaşmalarına destek olmaktadır. Ancak milyonlarca birey savaş, afet ve göç gibi olağanüstü durumlar nedeniyle kontraseptif dahil olmak üzere kapsamlı cinsel sağlık ve üreme sağlığı bakımı almada engellerle karşılaşmaktadır. Bu bölümde göç, afet ve savaşların aile planlaması hizmetlerine etkisi ve bu durumlarda hizmetlerin sunulmasına yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.
Referanslar
Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı.(2021). Açıklamalı Afet Yönetimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Erişim adresi https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu
Ahmed, S., Shommu, N. S., Rumana, N., Barron, G. R., Wicklum, S., & Turin, T. C. (2016). Barriers to access of primary healthcare by immigrant populations in Canada: a literature review. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 18(6), 1522-1540.
Atalay, E., & Ayten, D. The effect of War and Migration on Women's Health. Uluslararası Beşeri ve Sosyal Bilimler İnceleme Dergisi, 4(2), 72-82.
Aydogan, S., & Metintas, S. (2017). Immigration and the effects on health status in Turkey. Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2(2), 37-45.
Berens, E.-M., Mohwinkel, L.-M., van Eckert, S., Reder, M., Kolip, P., & Spallek, J. (2019). Uptake of gynecological Cancer screening and performance of breast self-examination among 50-year-old migrant and non-migrant women in Germany: results of a cross-sectional study (InEMa). Journal of immigrant and minority health, 21(3), 674-677.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2015). Review of Disaster Events. Erişim adresi https://www.cred.be/publications
Cherri, Z., Gil Cuesta, J., Rodriguez-Llanes, J. M., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2017). Early marriage and barriers to contraception among Syrian refugee women in Lebanon: a qualitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(8), 836.
Constantino, J. L., Romeiro, F. D., Diaz, T., Moran, A. C., & Boschi-Pinto, C. (2020). Data Collection Tools for Maternal and Child Health in Humanitarian Emergencies: An Updated Systematic Review. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 14(5), 601-619.
Çelikkanat, Ş., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2021). A Qualitative Study on the Knowledge and Opinions of Syrian Women regarding Family Planning. Social Work in Public Health, 1-13.
Çöl, M., Aykut, N. B., Mut, A. U., Koçak, C., Uzun, S. U., Akın, A., . . . Kobeissi, L. (2020). Sexual and reproductive health of Syrian refugee women in Turkey: a scoping review within the framework of the MISP objectives. Reproductive health, 17(1), 1-12.
Garry, S., & Checchi, F. (2020). Armed conflict and public health: into the 21st century. Journal of Public Health, 42(3), e287-e298.
Gele, A. A., Musse, F. K., Shrestha, M., & Qureshi, S. (2020). Barriers and facilitators to contraceptive use among Somali immigrant women in Oslo: A qualitative study. PloS one, 15(3), e0229916.
Inter-Agency Working Group. (2018). Inter-agency field manual on reproductive health in humanitarian settings. Erişim adresi https://iawgfieldmanual.com/manual
Gümüş, Y. (2015). Göçün Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1).
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. (2018). Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. Erişim adresi http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
Hounnaklang, N. (2018). The Family Planning’s Experiences of Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Research. International Journal of Caring Science, 11(3), 1566-1572.
Islam, M. M., & Gagnon, A. J. (2016). Use of reproductive health care services among urban migrant women in Bangladesh. BMC women's health, 16(1), 1-7.
Ivanova, O., Rai, M., & Kemigisha, E. (2018). A systematic review of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, experiences and access to services among refugee, migrant and displaced girls and young women in Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(8), 1583.
Kreft, A.-K. (2019). Responding to sexual violence: women’s mobilization in war. Journal of Peace Research, 56(2), 220-233.
Lisam, S. (2014). Minimum initial service package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health in disasters. Journal of evidence-based medicine, 7(4), 245-248.
Liu, S., Han, J., Xiao, D., Ma, C., & Chen, B. (2010). A report on the reproductive health of women after the massive 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 108(2), 161-164.
Lordfred, A., Tran, N. T., Nzee, A., Kabeya, A., Mukumpuri, G., Eke, H., . . . Hounton, S. (2021). Midwifery curricula inclusion of sexual and reproductive health in crisis settings in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Nurse Education in Practice, 55, 103173.
Nabulsi, D., Abou Saad, M., Ismail, H., Doumit, M. A., El-Jamil, F., Kobeissi, L., & Fouad, F. M. (2021). Minimum initial service package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health for women in a displacement setting: a narrative review on the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon. Reproductive health, 18(1), 1-13.
Özşahin, A., Emre, N., & Edirne, T. (2021). Contraceptive use and fertility behaviour among Syrian migrant women. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 26(3), 209-213.
Phillimore, J. (2016). Migrant maternity in an era of superdiversity: new migrants' access to, and experience of, antenatal care in the West Midlands, UK. Social Science & Medicine, 148, 152-159.
Rogers, C., & Earnest, J. (2014). A cross-generational study of contraception and reproductive health among Sudanese and Eritrean women in Brisbane, Australia. Health care for women international, 35(3), 334-356.
Schmidt, N. C., Fargnoli, V., Epiney, M., & Irion, O. (2018). Barriers to reproductive health care for migrant women in Geneva: a qualitative study. Reproductive health, 15(1), 1-10.
Sphere Project. (2018). Sexual and reproductive health in Sphere Handbook - Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response. Geneva: Sphere Project, Erişim adresi https://handbook.spherestandards.org/en/sphere/#ch009_004
Suzuki, K., Yamagata, Z., Kawado, M., & Hashimoto, S. (2016). Effects of the great East Japan earthquake on secondary sex ratio and perinatal outcomes. Journal of epidemiology, JE20150055.
Tappis, H., Freeman, J., Glass, N., & Doocy, S. (2016). Effectiveness of interventions, programs and strategies for gender-based violence prevention in refugee populations: an integrative review. PLoS currents, 8.
Thomson, M. S., Chaze, F., George, U., & Guruge, S. (2015). Improving immigrant populations’ access to mental health services in Canada: a review of barriers and recommendations. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 17(6), 1895-1905.
Usta, J., Masterson, A. R., & Farver, J. M. (2019). Violence against displaced Syrian women in Lebanon. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(18), 3767-3779.
Vural, T., Gölbaşı, C., Bayraktar, B., Gölbaşı, H., & Yıldırım, A. G. (2021). Are Syrian refugees at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes? A comparison study in a tertiary center in Turkey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 47(4), 1353-1361.
Warren, E., Post, N., Hossain, M., Blanchet, K., & Roberts, B. (2015). Systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health interventions in humanitarian crises. BMJ open, 5(12), e008226.
West, L., Isotta-Day, H., Ba-Break, M., & Morgan, R. (2017). Factors in use of family planning services by Syrian women in a refugee camp in Jordan. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 43(2), 96-102.
Wickramage, K., Vearey, J., Zwi, A. B., Robinson, C., & Knipper, M. (2018). Migration and health: a global public health research priority. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-9.
Referanslar
Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı.(2021). Açıklamalı Afet Yönetimi Terimleri Sözlüğü. Erişim adresi https://www.afad.gov.tr/aciklamali-afet-yonetimi-terimleri-sozlugu
Ahmed, S., Shommu, N. S., Rumana, N., Barron, G. R., Wicklum, S., & Turin, T. C. (2016). Barriers to access of primary healthcare by immigrant populations in Canada: a literature review. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 18(6), 1522-1540.
Atalay, E., & Ayten, D. The effect of War and Migration on Women's Health. Uluslararası Beşeri ve Sosyal Bilimler İnceleme Dergisi, 4(2), 72-82.
Aydogan, S., & Metintas, S. (2017). Immigration and the effects on health status in Turkey. Türk Dünyası Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi Halk Sağlığı Dergisi, 2(2), 37-45.
Berens, E.-M., Mohwinkel, L.-M., van Eckert, S., Reder, M., Kolip, P., & Spallek, J. (2019). Uptake of gynecological Cancer screening and performance of breast self-examination among 50-year-old migrant and non-migrant women in Germany: results of a cross-sectional study (InEMa). Journal of immigrant and minority health, 21(3), 674-677.
Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2015). Review of Disaster Events. Erişim adresi https://www.cred.be/publications
Cherri, Z., Gil Cuesta, J., Rodriguez-Llanes, J. M., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2017). Early marriage and barriers to contraception among Syrian refugee women in Lebanon: a qualitative study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(8), 836.
Constantino, J. L., Romeiro, F. D., Diaz, T., Moran, A. C., & Boschi-Pinto, C. (2020). Data Collection Tools for Maternal and Child Health in Humanitarian Emergencies: An Updated Systematic Review. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 14(5), 601-619.
Çelikkanat, Ş., & Güngörmüş, Z. (2021). A Qualitative Study on the Knowledge and Opinions of Syrian Women regarding Family Planning. Social Work in Public Health, 1-13.
Çöl, M., Aykut, N. B., Mut, A. U., Koçak, C., Uzun, S. U., Akın, A., . . . Kobeissi, L. (2020). Sexual and reproductive health of Syrian refugee women in Turkey: a scoping review within the framework of the MISP objectives. Reproductive health, 17(1), 1-12.
Garry, S., & Checchi, F. (2020). Armed conflict and public health: into the 21st century. Journal of Public Health, 42(3), e287-e298.
Gele, A. A., Musse, F. K., Shrestha, M., & Qureshi, S. (2020). Barriers and facilitators to contraceptive use among Somali immigrant women in Oslo: A qualitative study. PloS one, 15(3), e0229916.
Inter-Agency Working Group. (2018). Inter-agency field manual on reproductive health in humanitarian settings. Erişim adresi https://iawgfieldmanual.com/manual
Gümüş, Y. (2015). Göçün Sağlık Üzerine Etkisi. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 18(1).
Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. (2018). Türkiye Nüfus ve Sağlık Araştırması. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi Nüfus Etütleri Enstitüsü. Erişim adresi http://www.sck.gov.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/TNSA2018_ana_Rapor.pdf
Hounnaklang, N. (2018). The Family Planning’s Experiences of Migrant Workers in Thailand: A Qualitative Research. International Journal of Caring Science, 11(3), 1566-1572.
Islam, M. M., & Gagnon, A. J. (2016). Use of reproductive health care services among urban migrant women in Bangladesh. BMC women's health, 16(1), 1-7.
Ivanova, O., Rai, M., & Kemigisha, E. (2018). A systematic review of sexual and reproductive health knowledge, experiences and access to services among refugee, migrant and displaced girls and young women in Africa. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(8), 1583.
Kreft, A.-K. (2019). Responding to sexual violence: women’s mobilization in war. Journal of Peace Research, 56(2), 220-233.
Lisam, S. (2014). Minimum initial service package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health in disasters. Journal of evidence-based medicine, 7(4), 245-248.
Liu, S., Han, J., Xiao, D., Ma, C., & Chen, B. (2010). A report on the reproductive health of women after the massive 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 108(2), 161-164.
Lordfred, A., Tran, N. T., Nzee, A., Kabeya, A., Mukumpuri, G., Eke, H., . . . Hounton, S. (2021). Midwifery curricula inclusion of sexual and reproductive health in crisis settings in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Nurse Education in Practice, 55, 103173.
Nabulsi, D., Abou Saad, M., Ismail, H., Doumit, M. A., El-Jamil, F., Kobeissi, L., & Fouad, F. M. (2021). Minimum initial service package (MISP) for sexual and reproductive health for women in a displacement setting: a narrative review on the Syrian refugee crisis in Lebanon. Reproductive health, 18(1), 1-13.
Özşahin, A., Emre, N., & Edirne, T. (2021). Contraceptive use and fertility behaviour among Syrian migrant women. The European Journal of Contraception & Reproductive Health Care, 26(3), 209-213.
Phillimore, J. (2016). Migrant maternity in an era of superdiversity: new migrants' access to, and experience of, antenatal care in the West Midlands, UK. Social Science & Medicine, 148, 152-159.
Rogers, C., & Earnest, J. (2014). A cross-generational study of contraception and reproductive health among Sudanese and Eritrean women in Brisbane, Australia. Health care for women international, 35(3), 334-356.
Schmidt, N. C., Fargnoli, V., Epiney, M., & Irion, O. (2018). Barriers to reproductive health care for migrant women in Geneva: a qualitative study. Reproductive health, 15(1), 1-10.
Sphere Project. (2018). Sexual and reproductive health in Sphere Handbook - Humanitarian charter and minimum standards in humanitarian response. Geneva: Sphere Project, Erişim adresi https://handbook.spherestandards.org/en/sphere/#ch009_004
Suzuki, K., Yamagata, Z., Kawado, M., & Hashimoto, S. (2016). Effects of the great East Japan earthquake on secondary sex ratio and perinatal outcomes. Journal of epidemiology, JE20150055.
Tappis, H., Freeman, J., Glass, N., & Doocy, S. (2016). Effectiveness of interventions, programs and strategies for gender-based violence prevention in refugee populations: an integrative review. PLoS currents, 8.
Thomson, M. S., Chaze, F., George, U., & Guruge, S. (2015). Improving immigrant populations’ access to mental health services in Canada: a review of barriers and recommendations. Journal of immigrant and minority health, 17(6), 1895-1905.
Usta, J., Masterson, A. R., & Farver, J. M. (2019). Violence against displaced Syrian women in Lebanon. Journal of interpersonal violence, 34(18), 3767-3779.
Vural, T., Gölbaşı, C., Bayraktar, B., Gölbaşı, H., & Yıldırım, A. G. (2021). Are Syrian refugees at high risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes? A comparison study in a tertiary center in Turkey. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 47(4), 1353-1361.
Warren, E., Post, N., Hossain, M., Blanchet, K., & Roberts, B. (2015). Systematic review of the evidence on the effectiveness of sexual and reproductive health interventions in humanitarian crises. BMJ open, 5(12), e008226.
West, L., Isotta-Day, H., Ba-Break, M., & Morgan, R. (2017). Factors in use of family planning services by Syrian women in a refugee camp in Jordan. Journal of Family Planning and Reproductive Health Care, 43(2), 96-102.
Wickramage, K., Vearey, J., Zwi, A. B., Robinson, C., & Knipper, M. (2018). Migration and health: a global public health research priority. BMC public health, 18(1), 1-9.
