İklim Değişikliği ve Bilişsel Psikoloji
Özet
İklim değişikliği, dünya genelinde insanlar ve çevre üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olan ve çoğunlukla insan faaliyetleri kaynaklı olarak atmosferdeki sera gazı miktarındaki artışa bağlı iklimsel değişim sorunudur. Bu iklimsel değişim kısa süreli ya da hafif etkileri olan değişimler değil, tüm gezegeni ve elbette insanlarla birlikte tüm canlıları hayati şekilde etkileyen bir problemdir. Problemin ortaya çıkışında ve olası çözüm süreçlerinde başrol olan insanı araştıran bilim psikoloji alanında çalışmalar yapılsa da, daha fazla ve kapsayıcı çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu açıktır. İnsanların bu soruna nasıl tepki verdiklerini, problemi nasıl algıladıklarını, bu karşılık olarak nasıl davrandıklarını ve problemin çözümü konusunda nasıl motive olacaklarını anlamakla ilgili çalışmaların odağı psikoloji bilimidir.
Referanslar
Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (1998). Will global warming inflame our tempers? APA Monitor, 49, 2, February issue.
Ballew, M. T., Leiserowitz, A., Roser-Renouf, C., Rosenthal, S. A., Kotcher, J. E., Marlon, J. R., Lyon, E., Goldberg, M. H., & Maibach, E. W. (2019). Climate change in the American mind: Data, tools, and trends. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 61(3), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2019.1589300
Bradley, K. (2009). Planning for eco-friendly living in diverse societies. Local Environment, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830902764738.
Bostrom A, Böhm G, O’Connor R (2013) Targeting and tailo ring climate change communications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 4:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.234
Carlsson-Kanyama, A. (1998). Climate change and dietary choi ces how can emissions of greenhouse gases from food consumption be reduced? Food Policy, 23(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(98)00037-2.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (2008). The "new environ mental paradigm" scale: From marginality to worldwide use. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(1), 3-18.
Feldman, L. and Hart, P.S. (2018), Is there any hope? How climate change news imagery and text influence audience emotions and support for climate mitigation policies. Risk Analysis, 38, 585-602. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12868
Gifford, R. (2011). The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation. American Psychologist, 66(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023566.
Gorissen, K., & Weijters, B. (2016). The negative footprint illusion: Perceptual bias in sustainable food consumption. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.009
Hansen, J., Kharecha, P., Sato, M., Masson-Delmotte, V., Ackerman, F., Beerling, D. J., Hearty, P. J., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Hsu, S. L., Parmesan, C., Rockstrom, J., Rohling, E. J., Sachs, J., Smith, P., Steffen, K., Van Susteren, L., Von Schuckmann, K., & Zachos, J. C. (2013). Assessing “dangerous climate change”: Required reduction of carbon emissions to protect young people, future generations and nature. PLoS ONE, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081648.
Hansen, A., Bi, P., & Nitschke, M. (2008). The effect of heatwaves on mental health in a temperate Australian city. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(10), 1369-1375.
Holmgren, M., Kabanshi, A., Marsh, J. E., & Sörqvist, P. (2018). When A+B < A: Cognitive bias in experts’ judgment of environmental impact. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00823
Holmgren, M., Kabanshi, A., Langeborg, L., Barthel, S., Colding, J., Efriksson, O., et al. (2019). Deceptive sustainability: cognitive bias in people’s judgement of the benefits of CO2 emission cuts. J. Environ. Psychol, 64, 48–55. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.05.005
Hope, A. L. B., Jones, C. R., Webb, T. L., Watson, M. T., & Kaklamanou, D. (2018). The role of compensatory beliefs in rationalizing environmentally detrimental behaviors. Environment and Behavior, 50(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517706730
Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., Bain, P. G., & Fielding, K. S. (2016). Meta-analyses of the determinants and outcomes of belief in climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6(6), 622-626.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2020). Global Warming of 1.5 Degrees c. Geneva: IPCC. Avai lable online at: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/.
Janis, I. and Feshback, S. (1953) ‘Effects of fear arousal’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48, 78–92.
Kaiser, F. G., Hartig, T., Brügger, A., & Duvier, C. (2013). Environmental protection and nature as distinct attitudinal objects: An application of the campbell paradigm. Environment and Behavior, 45(3), 369–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511422444
Kaklamanou, D., Jones, C. R., Webb, T. L., & Walker, S. R. (2015). Using public transport can make up for flying abroad on holiday: Compensatory green beliefs and environmentally significant behavior. Environment and Behavior, 47(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916513488784
Lorenzoni, I., Nicholson-Cole, S., Whitmarsh, L., (2007). Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications. Glob. Environ. Change, 17 (3–4), 445–459.
Maibach E., W, Leiserowitz A.,Roser-Renouf C., Mertz C., K. (2011). Identifying like- minded audiences for global warming public engagement campaigns: An audience segmentation analysis and tool development. PLoSONE, 6(3):e17571.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017571
MacCutcheon, D., Holmgren, M., & Haga, A. (2020). Assuming the best: Individual Differences in compensatory “green” beliefs predict susceptibility to the negative footprint illusion. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083414
Miles-Novelo, A., & Anderson, C. (2022). Climate change and human behavior: Impacts of a rapidly changing climate on human aggression and violence (elements in applied social psychology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108953078
Milfont, T. L. (2012). The interplay between knowledge, perceived efficacy, and concern about global warming and climate change: A one-year longitudinal study. Risk Analysis, 32: 1003-1020.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01800.x
Nisbet, M. C., &Teresa, M. (2007). Trends: twenty years of public opinion about global warming. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(3), 444.
Norgaard, K. M. (2011). Climate denial: Emotion, psychology, culture, and political economy. InJohn S. Dryzek, Richard B. Norgaard, & David Schlosberg (Eds.), Oxford Handbook on ClimateChange and Society, (pp. 399–413). online edition: Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28186/chapter-abstract/213110449?redirectedFrom=fulltext .
Sisco, M. R., Weber, E. U., & Davis, A. L. (2014). Heuristic simplification in environmental decision making: Lessons from a process-oriented model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 5-16.
Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2007). The affect heuristic. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1333-1352.
Sörqvist, P., & Langeborg, L. (2019). Why people harm the en vironment although they try to treat it well: An evolution nary-cognitive perspective on climate compensation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00348
Sörqvist, P., Marsh, J. E., eds. (2019). The cognitive psychology of climate change. lausanne: Frontiers media. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88963-013-4
Sörqvist, P., Colding, J., & Marsh, J. E. (2020). Psychological obstacles to the efficacy of environmental footprint tools. In Environmental Research Letters, 15 (9). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9968
Threadgold, E., Marsh, J. E., Holmgren, M., Andersson, H., Nelson, M., & Ball, L. J. (2022). Biased estimates of environmental impact in the negative footprint illusion: The nature of individual variation. frontiers in psycho logy, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648328
Referanslar
Anderson, C. A. & Bushman, B. J. (1998). Will global warming inflame our tempers? APA Monitor, 49, 2, February issue.
Ballew, M. T., Leiserowitz, A., Roser-Renouf, C., Rosenthal, S. A., Kotcher, J. E., Marlon, J. R., Lyon, E., Goldberg, M. H., & Maibach, E. W. (2019). Climate change in the American mind: Data, tools, and trends. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, 61(3), 4–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00139157.2019.1589300
Bradley, K. (2009). Planning for eco-friendly living in diverse societies. Local Environment, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/13549830902764738.
Bostrom A, Böhm G, O’Connor R (2013) Targeting and tailo ring climate change communications. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change 4:447–455. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.234
Carlsson-Kanyama, A. (1998). Climate change and dietary choi ces how can emissions of greenhouse gases from food consumption be reduced? Food Policy, 23(3–4). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-9192(98)00037-2.
Dunlap, R. E., & Van Liere, K. D. (2008). The "new environ mental paradigm" scale: From marginality to worldwide use. Journal of Environmental Education, 40(1), 3-18.
Feldman, L. and Hart, P.S. (2018), Is there any hope? How climate change news imagery and text influence audience emotions and support for climate mitigation policies. Risk Analysis, 38, 585-602. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.12868
Gifford, R. (2011). The dragons of inaction: Psychological barriers that limit climate change mitigation and adaptation. American Psychologist, 66(4). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023566.
Gorissen, K., & Weijters, B. (2016). The negative footprint illusion: Perceptual bias in sustainable food consumption. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 50–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.009
Hansen, J., Kharecha, P., Sato, M., Masson-Delmotte, V., Ackerman, F., Beerling, D. J., Hearty, P. J., Hoegh-Guldberg, O., Hsu, S. L., Parmesan, C., Rockstrom, J., Rohling, E. J., Sachs, J., Smith, P., Steffen, K., Van Susteren, L., Von Schuckmann, K., & Zachos, J. C. (2013). Assessing “dangerous climate change”: Required reduction of carbon emissions to protect young people, future generations and nature. PLoS ONE, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0081648.
Hansen, A., Bi, P., & Nitschke, M. (2008). The effect of heatwaves on mental health in a temperate Australian city. Environmental Health Perspectives, 116(10), 1369-1375.
Holmgren, M., Kabanshi, A., Marsh, J. E., & Sörqvist, P. (2018). When A+B < A: Cognitive bias in experts’ judgment of environmental impact. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00823
Holmgren, M., Kabanshi, A., Langeborg, L., Barthel, S., Colding, J., Efriksson, O., et al. (2019). Deceptive sustainability: cognitive bias in people’s judgement of the benefits of CO2 emission cuts. J. Environ. Psychol, 64, 48–55. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2019.05.005
Hope, A. L. B., Jones, C. R., Webb, T. L., Watson, M. T., & Kaklamanou, D. (2018). The role of compensatory beliefs in rationalizing environmentally detrimental behaviors. Environment and Behavior, 50(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916517706730
Hornsey, M. J., Harris, E. A., Bain, P. G., & Fielding, K. S. (2016). Meta-analyses of the determinants and outcomes of belief in climate change. Nature Climate Change, 6(6), 622-626.
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC] (2020). Global Warming of 1.5 Degrees c. Geneva: IPCC. Avai lable online at: https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/.
Janis, I. and Feshback, S. (1953) ‘Effects of fear arousal’, Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 48, 78–92.
Kaiser, F. G., Hartig, T., Brügger, A., & Duvier, C. (2013). Environmental protection and nature as distinct attitudinal objects: An application of the campbell paradigm. Environment and Behavior, 45(3), 369–398. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916511422444
Kaklamanou, D., Jones, C. R., Webb, T. L., & Walker, S. R. (2015). Using public transport can make up for flying abroad on holiday: Compensatory green beliefs and environmentally significant behavior. Environment and Behavior, 47(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916513488784
Lorenzoni, I., Nicholson-Cole, S., Whitmarsh, L., (2007). Barriers perceived to engaging with climate change among the UK public and their policy implications. Glob. Environ. Change, 17 (3–4), 445–459.
Maibach E., W, Leiserowitz A.,Roser-Renouf C., Mertz C., K. (2011). Identifying like- minded audiences for global warming public engagement campaigns: An audience segmentation analysis and tool development. PLoSONE, 6(3):e17571.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017571
MacCutcheon, D., Holmgren, M., & Haga, A. (2020). Assuming the best: Individual Differences in compensatory “green” beliefs predict susceptibility to the negative footprint illusion. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12083414
Miles-Novelo, A., & Anderson, C. (2022). Climate change and human behavior: Impacts of a rapidly changing climate on human aggression and violence (elements in applied social psychology). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/9781108953078
Milfont, T. L. (2012). The interplay between knowledge, perceived efficacy, and concern about global warming and climate change: A one-year longitudinal study. Risk Analysis, 32: 1003-1020.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01800.x
Nisbet, M. C., &Teresa, M. (2007). Trends: twenty years of public opinion about global warming. Public Opinion Quarterly, 71(3), 444.
Norgaard, K. M. (2011). Climate denial: Emotion, psychology, culture, and political economy. InJohn S. Dryzek, Richard B. Norgaard, & David Schlosberg (Eds.), Oxford Handbook on ClimateChange and Society, (pp. 399–413). online edition: Oxford Academic. https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28186/chapter-abstract/213110449?redirectedFrom=fulltext .
Sisco, M. R., Weber, E. U., & Davis, A. L. (2014). Heuristic simplification in environmental decision making: Lessons from a process-oriented model. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 40, 5-16.
Slovic, P., Finucane, M. L., Peters, E., & MacGregor, D. G. (2007). The affect heuristic. European Journal of Operational Research, 177(3), 1333-1352.
Sörqvist, P., & Langeborg, L. (2019). Why people harm the en vironment although they try to treat it well: An evolution nary-cognitive perspective on climate compensation. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00348
Sörqvist, P., Marsh, J. E., eds. (2019). The cognitive psychology of climate change. lausanne: Frontiers media. doi: 10.3389/978-2-88963-013-4
Sörqvist, P., Colding, J., & Marsh, J. E. (2020). Psychological obstacles to the efficacy of environmental footprint tools. In Environmental Research Letters, 15 (9). https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab9968
Threadgold, E., Marsh, J. E., Holmgren, M., Andersson, H., Nelson, M., & Ball, L. J. (2022). Biased estimates of environmental impact in the negative footprint illusion: The nature of individual variation. frontiers in psycho logy, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.648328
