Alkolik Ketoasidozis

Hopkins E, Sanvictores T, Sharma S. Physiology, Acid Base Balance. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

Howard RD, Bokhari SRA. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

Murano C, Binda A, Palestini P, et al. Effect of the ketogenic diet in excitable tissues. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320(4):C547-c53.

Edwards M, Mohiuddin SS. Biochemistry, Lipolysis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

5. Lim S. Metabolic acidosis. Acta Med Indones. 2007;39(3):145-50.

Cahill GF Jr. Fuel metabolism in starvation. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:1-22.

Foster DW, McGarry JD. The metabolic derangements and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1983;309(3):159-69.

Reichard GA, Jr., Owen OE, Haff AC, Paul P, Bortz WM. Ketone-body production and oxidation in fasting obese humans. J Clin Invest. 1974;53(2):508-15.

Miles JM, Haymond MW, Nissen SL, et al. Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man. J Clin Invest. 1983;71(6):1554-61.

Balasse EO, Féry F. Ketone body production and disposal: effects of fasting, diabetes, and exercise. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1989;5(3):247-70.

Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, et al. Brain metabolism during fasting. J Clin Invest. 1967;46(10):1589-95.

Owen OE, Reichard GA Jr. Human forearm metabolism during progressive starvation. J Clin Invest. 1971;50(7):1536-45.

Toth HL, Greenbaum LA. Severe acidosis caused by starvation and stress. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(5):E16-9.

Chernow B, Finton C, Rainey TG, et al. "Bovine ketosis" in a nondiabetic postpartum woman. Diabetes Care. 1982;5(1):47-9.

Al Alawi AM, Al Flaiti A, Falhammar H. Lactation Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(6).

Ghimire P, Dhamoon AS. Ketoacidosis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

Palmer JP. Alcoholic ketoacidosis: clinical and laboratory presentation, pathophysiology and treatment. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;12(2):381-9.

McGuire LC, Cruickshank AM, Munro PT. Alcoholic ketoacidosis. Emerg Med J. 2006;23(6):417-20.

Bello CT, Gago MF, Fernandes F, et al. Abdominal pain in diabetic ketoacidosis: beyond the obvious. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2018;8(2-3):43-6.

Wrenn KD, Slovis CM, Minion GE, et al. The syndrome of alcoholic ketoacidosis. Am J Med. 1991;91(2):119-28.

Fulop M, Ben-Ezra J, Bock J. Alcoholic ketosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1986;10(6):610-5.

Schelling JR, Howard RL, Winter SD, et al. Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(8):580-2.

Kreisberg R. Diabetic ketoacidosis, alcoholic ketosis, lactic acidosis, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Diabetes mellitus: theory and practice, 3rd edn, New York: Medical Examination Publishing Co Inc. 1983;621.

Aronson PS, Giebisch G. Effects of pH on potassium: new explanations for old observations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(11):1981-9.

Elisaf M, Merkouropoulos M, Tsianos EV, et al. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hypomagnesemia in alcoholic patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1995;9(4):210-4.

Halperin ML, Hammeke M, Josse RG, et al. Metabolic acidosis in the alcoholic: a pathophysiologic approach. Metabolism. 1983;32(3):308-15.

Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Electrolyte Disturbances in Patients with Chronic Alcohol-Use Disorder. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1368-77.

Denmark LN. The investigation of beta-hydroxybutyrate as a marker for sudden death due to hypoglycemia in alcoholics. Forensic Sci Int. 1993;62(3):225-32.

Pounder DJ, Stevenson RJ, Taylor KK. Alcoholic ketoacidosis at autopsy. J Forensic Sci. 1998;43(4):812-6.

Sato H, Kyan R, Kamada C, et al. Transient total blindness associated with alcoholic ketoacidosis. Acute Med Surg. 2021;8(1):e660.

Pawar RD, Balaji L, Grossestreuer AV, et al. Thiamine Supplementation in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Presenting With Acute Critical Illness : A Nationwide Retrospective Observational Study. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(2):191-7.

Mehta A, Emmett M, Traub SJ. Fasting ketosis and alcoholic ketoacidosis. UpToDate, Waltham, MA. 2019.

Hockenhull J, Dhillo W, Andrews R, Pet al. Investigation of markers to indicate and distinguish death due to Alcoholic Ketoacidosis, Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State using post-mortem samples. Forensic Science International. 2012;214(1):142-7.

Modi A, Agrawal A, Morgan F. Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2017;13(3):315-21.

Sidlak AM, Trautman WJ, Lynch MJ, et al. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Review of Current Practice and Association of Treatments to Improvement. American Journal of Therapeutics. 2022;29(4):481-3.

Braden GL, Strayhorn CH, Germain MJ, et al.Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic acidosis. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(20):2377-80.

Laffel L. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15(6):412-26.

Madison LL, Mebane D, Unger RH, et al. The Hypoglycemic Action of Ketones. ii. Evidence For a Stimulatory Feedback of Ketones on The Pancreatic Beta Cells. J Clin Invest. 1964;43(3):408-15.

Dhatariya K. Blood Ketones: Measurement, Interpretation, Limitations, and Utility in the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Rev Diabet Stud. 2016;13(4):217-25.

Kim MK, Shin HW, Kim YJ, et al. Delta Neutrophil Index is Useful to Predict Poor Outcomes in Male Patients with Alcoholic Ketoacidosis. ebp. 2019;17(1):7-15.

Long B, Lentz S, Gottlieb M. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management. J Emerg Med. 2021;61(6):658-65.

Long B, Lentz S, Gottlieb M. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021;61(6):658-65.

Fulop M, Bock J, Ben-Ezra J, et al. Plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in patients with acute ethanol intoxication. The American journal of medicine. 1986;80(2):191-4.

McGuire L, Cruickshank A, Munro P. Alcoholic ketoacidosis. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(6):417-20.

Iten P, Meier M. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid—an indicator for an alcoholic ketoacidosis as cause of death in deceased alcohol abusers. Journal of forensic Science. 2000;45(3):624-32.

Ibrahimi A, Kuci S, Bejko E, et al. Unexplained Severe Lactic Acidosis in Young Patient. Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2019;3(2):489-95.

Schabelman E, Kuo D. Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(4):488-94.

Hack JB, Hoffman RS. Thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy: examining the conventional wisdom. Jama. 1998;279(8):583-4.

Young A. Inhibition of glucagon secretion. Adv Pharmacol. 2005;52:151-71.

Suen LW, Makam AN, Snyder HR, et al. National Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders Among Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations: NHAMCS 2014–2018. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2021.

Bombana HS, Bogstrand ST, Gjerde H, et al. Use of alcohol and illicit drugs by trauma patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Injury. 2022;53(1):30-6.

Qurashi F, Powell J, Amoateng RB, et al. Geriatric Trauma Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal: Current Overview. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022;23(4):701-2.

Saitz R, O'Malley SS. Pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse. Withdrawal and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 1997;81(4):881-907.

Day E, Daly C. Clinical management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Addiction. 2022;117(3):804-14.

Soe MZ, Ching KM, Teah KM, et al.Ketoacidosis can Be alcohol in origin: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;79:104023.

Teah MK, Chan GK, Wong MTF, et al. Treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in a severe traumatic brain injury patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(1).

Teah MK, Liew EHR, Wong MTF, et al. Secrets to a successful awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) on a patient with odentogenous abscess. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(2).

Jang HN, Park HJ, Cho HS, et al. The logistic organ dysfunction system score predicts the prognosis of patients with alcoholic ketoacidosis. Renal Failure. 2018;40(1):693-9.

Wrenn KD, Slovis CM, Minion GE, et al.The syndrome of alcoholic ketoacidosis. The American Journal of Medicine. 1991;91(2):119-28.

Staton CA, Vissoci JRN, El-Gabri D, et al. Patient-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-summary. PLoS medicine. 2022;19(4):e1003961.

Hopkins E, Sanvictores T, Sharma S. Physiology, Acid Base Balance. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

Howard RD, Bokhari SRA. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

Murano C, Binda A, Palestini P, et al. Effect of the ketogenic diet in excitable tissues. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2021;320(4):C547-c53.

Edwards M, Mohiuddin SS. Biochemistry, Lipolysis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

5. Lim S. Metabolic acidosis. Acta Med Indones. 2007;39(3):145-50.

Cahill GF Jr. Fuel metabolism in starvation. Annu Rev Nutr. 2006;26:1-22.

Foster DW, McGarry JD. The metabolic derangements and treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis. N Engl J Med. 1983;309(3):159-69.

Reichard GA, Jr., Owen OE, Haff AC, Paul P, Bortz WM. Ketone-body production and oxidation in fasting obese humans. J Clin Invest. 1974;53(2):508-15.

Miles JM, Haymond MW, Nissen SL, et al. Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man. J Clin Invest. 1983;71(6):1554-61.

Balasse EO, Féry F. Ketone body production and disposal: effects of fasting, diabetes, and exercise. Diabetes Metab Rev. 1989;5(3):247-70.

Owen OE, Morgan AP, Kemp HG, et al. Brain metabolism during fasting. J Clin Invest. 1967;46(10):1589-95.

Owen OE, Reichard GA Jr. Human forearm metabolism during progressive starvation. J Clin Invest. 1971;50(7):1536-45.

Toth HL, Greenbaum LA. Severe acidosis caused by starvation and stress. Am J Kidney Dis. 2003;42(5):E16-9.

Chernow B, Finton C, Rainey TG, et al. "Bovine ketosis" in a nondiabetic postpartum woman. Diabetes Care. 1982;5(1):47-9.

Al Alawi AM, Al Flaiti A, Falhammar H. Lactation Ketoacidosis: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. Medicina (Kaunas). 2020;56(6).

Ghimire P, Dhamoon AS. Ketoacidosis. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls PublishingCopyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.

Palmer JP. Alcoholic ketoacidosis: clinical and laboratory presentation, pathophysiology and treatment. Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1983;12(2):381-9.

McGuire LC, Cruickshank AM, Munro PT. Alcoholic ketoacidosis. Emerg Med J. 2006;23(6):417-20.

Bello CT, Gago MF, Fernandes F, et al. Abdominal pain in diabetic ketoacidosis: beyond the obvious. Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2018;8(2-3):43-6.

Wrenn KD, Slovis CM, Minion GE, et al. The syndrome of alcoholic ketoacidosis. Am J Med. 1991;91(2):119-28.

Fulop M, Ben-Ezra J, Bock J. Alcoholic ketosis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1986;10(6):610-5.

Schelling JR, Howard RL, Winter SD, et al. Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis. Ann Intern Med. 1990;113(8):580-2.

Kreisberg R. Diabetic ketoacidosis, alcoholic ketosis, lactic acidosis, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Diabetes mellitus: theory and practice, 3rd edn, New York: Medical Examination Publishing Co Inc. 1983;621.

Aronson PS, Giebisch G. Effects of pH on potassium: new explanations for old observations. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;22(11):1981-9.

Elisaf M, Merkouropoulos M, Tsianos EV, et al. Pathogenetic mechanisms of hypomagnesemia in alcoholic patients. J Trace Elem Med Biol. 1995;9(4):210-4.

Halperin ML, Hammeke M, Josse RG, et al. Metabolic acidosis in the alcoholic: a pathophysiologic approach. Metabolism. 1983;32(3):308-15.

Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Electrolyte Disturbances in Patients with Chronic Alcohol-Use Disorder. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(14):1368-77.

Denmark LN. The investigation of beta-hydroxybutyrate as a marker for sudden death due to hypoglycemia in alcoholics. Forensic Sci Int. 1993;62(3):225-32.

Pounder DJ, Stevenson RJ, Taylor KK. Alcoholic ketoacidosis at autopsy. J Forensic Sci. 1998;43(4):812-6.

Sato H, Kyan R, Kamada C, et al. Transient total blindness associated with alcoholic ketoacidosis. Acute Med Surg. 2021;8(1):e660.

Pawar RD, Balaji L, Grossestreuer AV, et al. Thiamine Supplementation in Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder Presenting With Acute Critical Illness : A Nationwide Retrospective Observational Study. Ann Intern Med. 2022;175(2):191-7.

Mehta A, Emmett M, Traub SJ. Fasting ketosis and alcoholic ketoacidosis. UpToDate, Waltham, MA. 2019.

Hockenhull J, Dhillo W, Andrews R, Pet al. Investigation of markers to indicate and distinguish death due to Alcoholic Ketoacidosis, Diabetic Ketoacidosis and Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic State using post-mortem samples. Forensic Science International. 2012;214(1):142-7.

Modi A, Agrawal A, Morgan F. Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review. Curr Diabetes Rev. 2017;13(3):315-21.

Sidlak AM, Trautman WJ, Lynch MJ, et al. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Review of Current Practice and Association of Treatments to Improvement. American Journal of Therapeutics. 2022;29(4):481-3.

Braden GL, Strayhorn CH, Germain MJ, et al.Increased osmolal gap in alcoholic acidosis. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(20):2377-80.

Laffel L. Ketone bodies: a review of physiology, pathophysiology and application of monitoring to diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 1999;15(6):412-26.

Madison LL, Mebane D, Unger RH, et al. The Hypoglycemic Action of Ketones. ii. Evidence For a Stimulatory Feedback of Ketones on The Pancreatic Beta Cells. J Clin Invest. 1964;43(3):408-15.

Dhatariya K. Blood Ketones: Measurement, Interpretation, Limitations, and Utility in the Management of Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Rev Diabet Stud. 2016;13(4):217-25.

Kim MK, Shin HW, Kim YJ, et al. Delta Neutrophil Index is Useful to Predict Poor Outcomes in Male Patients with Alcoholic Ketoacidosis. ebp. 2019;17(1):7-15.

Long B, Lentz S, Gottlieb M. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management. J Emerg Med. 2021;61(6):658-65.

Long B, Lentz S, Gottlieb M. Alcoholic Ketoacidosis: Etiologies, Evaluation, and Management. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2021;61(6):658-65.

Fulop M, Bock J, Ben-Ezra J, et al. Plasma lactate and 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in patients with acute ethanol intoxication. The American journal of medicine. 1986;80(2):191-4.

McGuire L, Cruickshank A, Munro P. Alcoholic ketoacidosis. Emergency Medicine Journal. 2006;23(6):417-20.

Iten P, Meier M. Beta-hydroxybutyric acid—an indicator for an alcoholic ketoacidosis as cause of death in deceased alcohol abusers. Journal of forensic Science. 2000;45(3):624-32.

Ibrahimi A, Kuci S, Bejko E, et al. Unexplained Severe Lactic Acidosis in Young Patient. Albanian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery. 2019;3(2):489-95.

Schabelman E, Kuo D. Glucose before thiamine for Wernicke encephalopathy: a literature review. J Emerg Med. 2012;42(4):488-94.

Hack JB, Hoffman RS. Thiamine before glucose to prevent Wernicke encephalopathy: examining the conventional wisdom. Jama. 1998;279(8):583-4.

Young A. Inhibition of glucagon secretion. Adv Pharmacol. 2005;52:151-71.

Suen LW, Makam AN, Snyder HR, et al. National Prevalence of Alcohol and Other Substance Use Disorders Among Emergency Department Visits and Hospitalizations: NHAMCS 2014–2018. Journal of General Internal Medicine. 2021.

Bombana HS, Bogstrand ST, Gjerde H, et al. Use of alcohol and illicit drugs by trauma patients in Sao Paulo, Brazil. Injury. 2022;53(1):30-6.

Qurashi F, Powell J, Amoateng RB, et al. Geriatric Trauma Patients With Alcohol Withdrawal: Current Overview. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association. 2022;23(4):701-2.

Saitz R, O'Malley SS. Pharmacotherapies for alcohol abuse. Withdrawal and treatment. Med Clin North Am. 1997;81(4):881-907.

Day E, Daly C. Clinical management of the alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Addiction. 2022;117(3):804-14.

Soe MZ, Ching KM, Teah KM, et al.Ketoacidosis can Be alcohol in origin: A case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2022;79:104023.

Teah MK, Chan GK, Wong MTF, et al. Treatment of benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in a severe traumatic brain injury patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(1).

Teah MK, Liew EHR, Wong MTF, et al. Secrets to a successful awake fibreoptic intubation (AFOI) on a patient with odentogenous abscess. BMJ Case Rep. 2021;14(2).

Jang HN, Park HJ, Cho HS, et al. The logistic organ dysfunction system score predicts the prognosis of patients with alcoholic ketoacidosis. Renal Failure. 2018;40(1):693-9.

Wrenn KD, Slovis CM, Minion GE, et al.The syndrome of alcoholic ketoacidosis. The American Journal of Medicine. 1991;91(2):119-28.

Staton CA, Vissoci JRN, El-Gabri D, et al. Patient-level interventions to reduce alcohol-related harms in low-and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-summary. PLoS medicine. 2022;19(4):e1003961.