Diyabetik Ketoasidoz
Özet
Referanslar
Kitabchi AE, Fisher JN. Insulin therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis: Physiologic versus pharma- cologic doses of insulin and their routes of administration. In: Brownlee M, ed. Handbook of Diabetes Mellitus. New York: Garland Press; 1981. p. 95–149.
Casteels K, Mathieu C. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2003;4(2): 159–66. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022942120000
Muneer M, Akbar I. Acute Metabolic Emergencies in Diabetes: DKA, HHS and EDKA. In: Islam S, ed. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, Cham; 2020. p. 85–114. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_545
Turan T, Karahan İ, Güngüneş A. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to diabetic ketoacido- sis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine. 2018; 92–8. DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.452023
Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies—ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hype- rosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2016;12(4): 222–32. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.15
Murunga AN, Owira PMO. Diabetic ketoacidosis: an overlooked child killer in sub-Saha- ran Africa? Tropical medicine & international health. 2013;18(11): 1357–64. DOI: 10.1111/ tmi.12195
Nyenwe EA, Kitabchi AE. The evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis: An update of its etiology, pat- hogenesis and management. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2016;65(4): 507–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.007
Desai D, Mehta D, Mathias P, et al. Health Care Utilization and Burden of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the U.S. Over the Past Decade: A Nationwide Analysis. Diabetes care. 2018;41(8): 1631–8. DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1379
Benoit SR, Zhang Y, Geiss LS, et al. Trends in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Hospitalizations and In-Hospital Mortality - United States, 2000-2014. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly re- port. 2018;67(12): 362–5. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6712a3
Li L, Andrews EB, Li X, et al. Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis and its trends in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus identified using a U.S. claims database, 2007-2019. Journal of diabetes and its complications. 2021;35(7): 107932. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107932
Wolfsdorf J, Glaser N, Sperling MA, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis in infants, children, and adolescents: A consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care. 2006;29(5): 1150–9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.2951150
Dabelea D, Rewers A, Stafford JM, et al. Trends in the prevalence of ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Pediatrics. 2014;133(4): e938–45. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2795
Jensen ET, Stafford JM, Saydah S, et al. Increase in Prevalence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diag- nosis Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(7): 1573–8. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0389
Ramphul K, Joynauth J. An Update on the Incidence and Burden of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the U.S. Diabetes care. 2020;43(12): e196–7. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1258
Hirsch IB, Emmett M. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adults: Epidemiology and pathogenesis [Internet]. UpToDate. 2020 [cited 03/15/2020].
Unger RH, Orci L. Glucagon and the A cell: physiology and pathophysiology. The New England journal of medicine. 1981;304(26): 1575–80. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198106253042604
Diamond MP, Hallarman L, Starick-Zych K, et al. Suppression of counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia by insulin per se. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabo- lism. 1991;72(6): 1388–90. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-72-6-1388
Philippe J. Insulin regulation of the glucagon gene is mediated by an insulin-responsive DNA element. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1991;88(16): 7224–7. DOI: 10.1073/ pnas.88.16.7224
Rose BD, Post TW. Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Fifth. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
Fayfman M, Pasquel FJ, Umpierrez GE. Management of Hyperglycemic Crises: Diabetic Ke- toacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State. The Medical clinics of North America. 2017;101(3): 587–606. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.011
Miles JM, Haymond MW, Nissen SL, et al. Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1983;71(6): 1554–61. DOI: 10.1172/jci110911
Cook GA, Nielsen RC, Hawkins RA, et al. Effect of glucagon on hepatic malonyl coenzyme A concentration and on lipid synthesis. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1977;252(12): 4421–4.
McGarry JD, Woeltje KF, Kuwajima M, et al. Regulation of ketogenesis and the renaissance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Diabetes/metabolism reviews. 1989;5(3): 271–84. DOI: 10.1002/ dmr.5610050305
Owen OE, Trapp VE, Skutches CL, et al. Acetone metabolism during diabetic ketoacidosis.
Diabetes. 1982;31(3): 242–8. DOI: 10.2337/diab.31.3.242
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Referanslar
Kitabchi AE, Fisher JN. Insulin therapy of diabetic ketoacidosis: Physiologic versus pharma- cologic doses of insulin and their routes of administration. In: Brownlee M, ed. Handbook of Diabetes Mellitus. New York: Garland Press; 1981. p. 95–149.
Casteels K, Mathieu C. Diabetic ketoacidosis. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2003;4(2): 159–66. DOI: 10.1023/A:1022942120000
Muneer M, Akbar I. Acute Metabolic Emergencies in Diabetes: DKA, HHS and EDKA. In: Islam S, ed. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Springer, Cham; 2020. p. 85–114. DOI: 10.1007/5584_2020_545
Turan T, Karahan İ, Güngüneş A. Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to diabetic ketoacido- sis. Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine. 2018; 92–8. DOI: 10.32322/jhsm.452023
Umpierrez G, Korytkowski M. Diabetic emergencies—ketoacidosis, hyperglycaemic hype- rosmolar state and hypoglycaemia. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. 2016;12(4): 222–32. DOI: 10.1038/nrendo.2016.15
Murunga AN, Owira PMO. Diabetic ketoacidosis: an overlooked child killer in sub-Saha- ran Africa? Tropical medicine & international health. 2013;18(11): 1357–64. DOI: 10.1111/ tmi.12195
Nyenwe EA, Kitabchi AE. The evolution of diabetic ketoacidosis: An update of its etiology, pat- hogenesis and management. Metabolism: clinical and experimental. 2016;65(4): 507–21. DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.12.007
Desai D, Mehta D, Mathias P, et al. Health Care Utilization and Burden of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the U.S. Over the Past Decade: A Nationwide Analysis. Diabetes care. 2018;41(8): 1631–8. DOI: 10.2337/dc17-1379
Benoit SR, Zhang Y, Geiss LS, et al. Trends in Diabetic Ketoacidosis Hospitalizations and In-Hospital Mortality - United States, 2000-2014. MMWR Morbidity and mortality weekly re- port. 2018;67(12): 362–5. DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6712a3
Li L, Andrews EB, Li X, et al. Incidence of diabetic ketoacidosis and its trends in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus identified using a U.S. claims database, 2007-2019. Journal of diabetes and its complications. 2021;35(7): 107932. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107932
Wolfsdorf J, Glaser N, Sperling MA, et al. Diabetic ketoacidosis in infants, children, and adolescents: A consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes care. 2006;29(5): 1150–9. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.2951150
Dabelea D, Rewers A, Stafford JM, et al. Trends in the prevalence of ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Pediatrics. 2014;133(4): e938–45. DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2795
Jensen ET, Stafford JM, Saydah S, et al. Increase in Prevalence of Diabetic Ketoacidosis at Diag- nosis Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes: The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Diabetes Care. 2021;44(7): 1573–8. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-0389
Ramphul K, Joynauth J. An Update on the Incidence and Burden of Diabetic Ketoacidosis in the U.S. Diabetes care. 2020;43(12): e196–7. DOI: 10.2337/dc20-1258
Hirsch IB, Emmett M. Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state in adults: Epidemiology and pathogenesis [Internet]. UpToDate. 2020 [cited 03/15/2020].
Unger RH, Orci L. Glucagon and the A cell: physiology and pathophysiology. The New England journal of medicine. 1981;304(26): 1575–80. DOI: 10.1056/NEJM198106253042604
Diamond MP, Hallarman L, Starick-Zych K, et al. Suppression of counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycemia by insulin per se. The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabo- lism. 1991;72(6): 1388–90. DOI: 10.1210/jcem-72-6-1388
Philippe J. Insulin regulation of the glucagon gene is mediated by an insulin-responsive DNA element. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 1991;88(16): 7224–7. DOI: 10.1073/ pnas.88.16.7224
Rose BD, Post TW. Clinical physiology of acid-base and electrolyte disorders. Fifth. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001.
Fayfman M, Pasquel FJ, Umpierrez GE. Management of Hyperglycemic Crises: Diabetic Ke- toacidosis and Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar State. The Medical clinics of North America. 2017;101(3): 587–606. DOI: 10.1016/j.mcna.2016.12.011
Miles JM, Haymond MW, Nissen SL, et al. Effects of free fatty acid availability, glucagon excess, and insulin deficiency on ketone body production in postabsorptive man. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1983;71(6): 1554–61. DOI: 10.1172/jci110911
Cook GA, Nielsen RC, Hawkins RA, et al. Effect of glucagon on hepatic malonyl coenzyme A concentration and on lipid synthesis. The Journal of biological chemistry. 1977;252(12): 4421–4.
McGarry JD, Woeltje KF, Kuwajima M, et al. Regulation of ketogenesis and the renaissance of carnitine palmitoyltransferase. Diabetes/metabolism reviews. 1989;5(3): 271–84. DOI: 10.1002/ dmr.5610050305
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