Acil Servis Yoğunluğu

Forero R, Hillman K. Access Block and Overcrowding: a Literature Review. Prepared for the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. Sydney: Simpson Centre for Health Services Research, UNSW, 2008.

Forero R, Moshin M, Bauman AE, et al. Access block in NSW hospitals, 1999–2001: does the definition matter? Medical Journal of Australia 2004; 180: 67–70.

Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians, National Emergency Nurses Affiliation. Joint position statement: access to acute care in the setting of emergency department overcrowding. CJEM 2003; 5: 81–6.

American College of Emergency Physicians, Crowding Resources Task Force. Responding to Emergency Department Crowding: a Guidebook for Chapters. Dallas, TX: ACEP, 2002. www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf (accessed January 29, 2011).

Cowan RM, Trzeciak S. Clinical review: Emergency department overcrowding and the potential impact on the critically ill. Critical Care 2005; 9: 291–5.

Sabbah S, on behalf of the McGill Emergency Residents, PGY-5, McGill Emergency Medicine Program. McGill Emergency Residents’ Position Statement on Hospital Overcrowding, 2008. http://www.mcgill.ca/files/emergency/Resident_overcrowding_pos_statement.pdf (accessed January 29, 2011).

Mah R. Emergency department overcrowding as a threat to patient dignity. CJEM 2009; 11: 365–9.

Schull MJ, Morrison LJ, Vermeulen M, Redelmeier DA. Emergency department overcrowding and ambulance transport delays for patients with chest pain. CMAJ 2003; 168: 277–83.

McConnell KJ, Richards CF, Daya M, et al. Effect of increased ICU capacity on emergency department length of stay and ambulance diversion. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005; 45: 471–8.

Brennan J. Guidelines for ambulance diversion. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2000; 36: 376–7.

Richardson DB. Increase in patient mortality at 10 days associated with emergency department overcrowding. Medical Journal of Australia 2006; 184 (5): 213–16.

Weissman JS, Rothschild JM, Bendavid E, et al. Hospital workload and adverse events. Medical Care 2007; 45: 448–55.

Kilcoyne M, Dowling M. Working in an overcrowded accident and emergency department: nurses’ narratives. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing 2008; 25 (2): 21–7.

Rondeau KV, Francescutti LH. Emergency department overcrowding: the impact of resource scarcity on physician job satisfaction. Journal of Healthcare Management 2005; 50: 327–40.

Physician Hospital Care Committee, Ontario Hospital Association, Ontario Medical Association, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Improving Access to Emergency Care: Addressing System Issues. Toronto: OHA, 2006: 39–42.

Newton MF, Keirns CC, Cunningham R, Hayward RA, Stanley R. Uninsured adults presenting to US emergency departments: assumptions vs data. JAMA 2008; 300: 1914–24.

Richardson DB, Mountain D. Myths versus facts in emergency department overcrowding and hospital access block. Medical Journal of Australia 2009; 189: 369–74.

Stone K. Excellence in Healthcare: Analysis of Patient Demographics for Patients Presenting to Rotorua Hospital Emergency Department in August 2008. Unpublished report prepared for Lakes DHB by Rotorua Area Primary Health Services, 2008.

Anantharaman V. Impact of health care system interventions on emergency department utilization and overcrowding in Singapore. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2008; 1: 11–20.

United States Government Accountability Office. Hospital Emergency Departments: Crowding Continues to Occur, and some patients wait longer than Recommended Time Frames. GAO-09–347. 2009.

Jayaprakash N, O’Sullivan R, Bey T, Ahmed SS, Lotfipour S. Crowding and delivery of healthcare in emergency departments: the European perspective. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 10: 233–9.

Wallis LA, Twomey M. Workload and case mix in Cape Town emergency departments. South African Medical Journal 2007; 97: 1276–80.

Lucas R, Farley H, Twanmoh J, et al. Emergency department patient flow: the influence of hospital census variables on emergency department length of stay. Academic Emergency Medicine 2009; 16: 597–602.

Trzeciak S, Rivers EP. Emergency department overcrowding in the United States: an emerging threat to patient safety and public health. Emergency Medicine Journal 2003; 20: 402–5.

Guo B, Harstall C. Strategies to Reduce Emergency Department Overcrowding. Health Technology Assessment Report 38. Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, 2006; 38.

Fatovich DM, Hughes G, McCarthy SM. Access block: it’s all about available beds. Medical Journal of Australia 2009; 190: 362–3.

Carr BG, Kaye AJ, Wiebe DJ, et al. Emergency department length of stay: a major risk factor for pneumonia in intubated blunt trauma patients. Jounal of Trauma 2007; 63: 9–12.

Dunn R. Reduced access block causes shorter emergency department waiting times: an historical control observational study. Emergency Medicine Journal 2003; 15: 232–8.

Derlet R., Richards J., Kravitz R. Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine 2001; 8: 151–5.

Wong HJ, Wu RC, Caesar M, Abrams H, Morra D. Smoothing inpatient discharges decreases emergency department congestion: a system Dynamics simulation model. Emergency Medicine Journal 2010; 27: 593–8.

Thomas J, Cheng N. Effect of a holiday service reduction period on a hospital’s emergency department access block. Emergency Medicine Australasia 2007; 19: 136–42.

Ospina MB, Bond K, Schull M, et al. Measuring Overcrowding in Emergency Departments: A call for Standardization. Technology Report No. 67.1. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2006.

Jones SS, Allen TL, Flottemesch TJ, Welch SJ. An independent evaluation of four quantitative emergency department crowding scales. Academic Emergency Medicine 2006; 13: 1204–11.

Richardson SK, Ardagh K, Gee P. Emergency department overcrowding: The emergency department cardiac analogy model (EDCAM). Accident and Emergency Nursing 2005; 13: 18–23.

Murphy AW, Bury G, Plunkett PK, et al. Randomised controlled trial of general practitioner versus usual medical care in an urban accident and emergency department: process, outcome, and comparative cost. BMJ 1996; 312: 1135–41.

Mason S, O’Keeffe C, Coleman P, Edlin R, Nicholl J. Effectiveness of emergency care practitioners working within existing emergency service models of care. Emergency Medicine Journal 2007; 24: 239–43.

Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory. Managing patient Access and flow in the emergency department to improve patient safety. Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory 2010; 7 (4): 123–34.

Wilson H. Co-locating primary care facilities within emergency departments: brilliant innovation or unwelcome intervention into clinical care? New Zealand Medical Journal 2005; 118 (1221): U1633.

Graf CE, Zekry D, Giannelli S, Michel JP, Chevalley T. Comprehensive Geriatric assessment in the Emergency Department. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010; 58: 2032–3.

McDonald AJ, Wang N, Camargo CA. US emergency department visits for alcoholrelated diseases and injuries between 1992 and 2000. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164: 531–7.

Johnson N. Building the clockwork emergency department: a process improvement project. Poster, Emergency Nurses Association Conference 2009. http://www.nursinglibrary.org/Portal/main.aspx?pageid=4024&pid=21463 (accessed January 30, 2011).

Travers JP, Lee FC. Avoiding prolonged waiting time during busy periods in the emergency department: is there a role for the senior emergency physician in triage? European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2006; 13: 342–8.

Solberg LI, Asplin BR, Weinick RM, et al. Emergency department crowding: consensus development of potential measures. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2003; 42: 824–34.

Howell EE, Bessman ES, Rubin HR. Hospitalists and an Innovative Emergency Department Admission Process. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2004; 19: 266–72.

Langhorne P, Taylor G, Murray G, et al. Early supported discharge for stroke patients: a meta-analysis of individual patients’ data. Lancet 2005; 365: 501–6.

Alpesh A. Value of hospital medicine in the inpatient management of communityacquired pneumonia. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice (Supplement). 2004; 12: S3–5.

Schneider S, Zwemer F, Doniger A, et al. Rochester, New York: a decade of emergency department overcrowding. Academic Emergency Medicine 2001; 8: 1044–50.

Siegel B, Wilson MJ, Sickler D. Enhancing work flow to reduce crowding. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 2007; 33 (Suppl): 57–67.

Ong MEH, Ho KK, Tan TP, et al. Using demand analysis and system status management for predicting ED attendances and rostering. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 27: 16–22.

Green LV. Capacity planning and management in hospitals. In ML Brandeau, F Sainfort, WP Pierskalla, eds., Operations Research and Health Care: a Handbook of Methods and Applications. London: Kluwer, 2004.

Forero R, Hillman K. Access Block and Overcrowding: a Literature Review. Prepared for the Australasian College for Emergency Medicine. Sydney: Simpson Centre for Health Services Research, UNSW, 2008.

Forero R, Moshin M, Bauman AE, et al. Access block in NSW hospitals, 1999–2001: does the definition matter? Medical Journal of Australia 2004; 180: 67–70.

Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians, National Emergency Nurses Affiliation. Joint position statement: access to acute care in the setting of emergency department overcrowding. CJEM 2003; 5: 81–6.

American College of Emergency Physicians, Crowding Resources Task Force. Responding to Emergency Department Crowding: a Guidebook for Chapters. Dallas, TX: ACEP, 2002. www.acep.org/library/pdf/edCrowdingReport.pdf (accessed January 29, 2011).

Cowan RM, Trzeciak S. Clinical review: Emergency department overcrowding and the potential impact on the critically ill. Critical Care 2005; 9: 291–5.

Sabbah S, on behalf of the McGill Emergency Residents, PGY-5, McGill Emergency Medicine Program. McGill Emergency Residents’ Position Statement on Hospital Overcrowding, 2008. http://www.mcgill.ca/files/emergency/Resident_overcrowding_pos_statement.pdf (accessed January 29, 2011).

Mah R. Emergency department overcrowding as a threat to patient dignity. CJEM 2009; 11: 365–9.

Schull MJ, Morrison LJ, Vermeulen M, Redelmeier DA. Emergency department overcrowding and ambulance transport delays for patients with chest pain. CMAJ 2003; 168: 277–83.

McConnell KJ, Richards CF, Daya M, et al. Effect of increased ICU capacity on emergency department length of stay and ambulance diversion. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005; 45: 471–8.

Brennan J. Guidelines for ambulance diversion. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2000; 36: 376–7.

Richardson DB. Increase in patient mortality at 10 days associated with emergency department overcrowding. Medical Journal of Australia 2006; 184 (5): 213–16.

Weissman JS, Rothschild JM, Bendavid E, et al. Hospital workload and adverse events. Medical Care 2007; 45: 448–55.

Kilcoyne M, Dowling M. Working in an overcrowded accident and emergency department: nurses’ narratives. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing 2008; 25 (2): 21–7.

Rondeau KV, Francescutti LH. Emergency department overcrowding: the impact of resource scarcity on physician job satisfaction. Journal of Healthcare Management 2005; 50: 327–40.

Physician Hospital Care Committee, Ontario Hospital Association, Ontario Medical Association, Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. Improving Access to Emergency Care: Addressing System Issues. Toronto: OHA, 2006: 39–42.

Newton MF, Keirns CC, Cunningham R, Hayward RA, Stanley R. Uninsured adults presenting to US emergency departments: assumptions vs data. JAMA 2008; 300: 1914–24.

Richardson DB, Mountain D. Myths versus facts in emergency department overcrowding and hospital access block. Medical Journal of Australia 2009; 189: 369–74.

Stone K. Excellence in Healthcare: Analysis of Patient Demographics for Patients Presenting to Rotorua Hospital Emergency Department in August 2008. Unpublished report prepared for Lakes DHB by Rotorua Area Primary Health Services, 2008.

Anantharaman V. Impact of health care system interventions on emergency department utilization and overcrowding in Singapore. International Journal of Emergency Medicine 2008; 1: 11–20.

United States Government Accountability Office. Hospital Emergency Departments: Crowding Continues to Occur, and some patients wait longer than Recommended Time Frames. GAO-09–347. 2009.

Jayaprakash N, O’Sullivan R, Bey T, Ahmed SS, Lotfipour S. Crowding and delivery of healthcare in emergency departments: the European perspective. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 10: 233–9.

Wallis LA, Twomey M. Workload and case mix in Cape Town emergency departments. South African Medical Journal 2007; 97: 1276–80.

Lucas R, Farley H, Twanmoh J, et al. Emergency department patient flow: the influence of hospital census variables on emergency department length of stay. Academic Emergency Medicine 2009; 16: 597–602.

Trzeciak S, Rivers EP. Emergency department overcrowding in the United States: an emerging threat to patient safety and public health. Emergency Medicine Journal 2003; 20: 402–5.

Guo B, Harstall C. Strategies to Reduce Emergency Department Overcrowding. Health Technology Assessment Report 38. Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research, 2006; 38.

Fatovich DM, Hughes G, McCarthy SM. Access block: it’s all about available beds. Medical Journal of Australia 2009; 190: 362–3.

Carr BG, Kaye AJ, Wiebe DJ, et al. Emergency department length of stay: a major risk factor for pneumonia in intubated blunt trauma patients. Jounal of Trauma 2007; 63: 9–12.

Dunn R. Reduced access block causes shorter emergency department waiting times: an historical control observational study. Emergency Medicine Journal 2003; 15: 232–8.

Derlet R., Richards J., Kravitz R. Frequent overcrowding in U.S. emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine 2001; 8: 151–5.

Wong HJ, Wu RC, Caesar M, Abrams H, Morra D. Smoothing inpatient discharges decreases emergency department congestion: a system Dynamics simulation model. Emergency Medicine Journal 2010; 27: 593–8.

Thomas J, Cheng N. Effect of a holiday service reduction period on a hospital’s emergency department access block. Emergency Medicine Australasia 2007; 19: 136–42.

Ospina MB, Bond K, Schull M, et al. Measuring Overcrowding in Emergency Departments: A call for Standardization. Technology Report No. 67.1. Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technologies in Health, 2006.

Jones SS, Allen TL, Flottemesch TJ, Welch SJ. An independent evaluation of four quantitative emergency department crowding scales. Academic Emergency Medicine 2006; 13: 1204–11.

Richardson SK, Ardagh K, Gee P. Emergency department overcrowding: The emergency department cardiac analogy model (EDCAM). Accident and Emergency Nursing 2005; 13: 18–23.

Murphy AW, Bury G, Plunkett PK, et al. Randomised controlled trial of general practitioner versus usual medical care in an urban accident and emergency department: process, outcome, and comparative cost. BMJ 1996; 312: 1135–41.

Mason S, O’Keeffe C, Coleman P, Edlin R, Nicholl J. Effectiveness of emergency care practitioners working within existing emergency service models of care. Emergency Medicine Journal 2007; 24: 239–43.

Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory. Managing patient Access and flow in the emergency department to improve patient safety. Pennsylvania Patient Safety Advisory 2010; 7 (4): 123–34.

Wilson H. Co-locating primary care facilities within emergency departments: brilliant innovation or unwelcome intervention into clinical care? New Zealand Medical Journal 2005; 118 (1221): U1633.

Graf CE, Zekry D, Giannelli S, Michel JP, Chevalley T. Comprehensive Geriatric assessment in the Emergency Department. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2010; 58: 2032–3.

McDonald AJ, Wang N, Camargo CA. US emergency department visits for alcoholrelated diseases and injuries between 1992 and 2000. Archives of Internal Medicine 2004; 164: 531–7.

Johnson N. Building the clockwork emergency department: a process improvement project. Poster, Emergency Nurses Association Conference 2009. http://www.nursinglibrary.org/Portal/main.aspx?pageid=4024&pid=21463 (accessed January 30, 2011).

Travers JP, Lee FC. Avoiding prolonged waiting time during busy periods in the emergency department: is there a role for the senior emergency physician in triage? European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2006; 13: 342–8.

Solberg LI, Asplin BR, Weinick RM, et al. Emergency department crowding: consensus development of potential measures. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2003; 42: 824–34.

Howell EE, Bessman ES, Rubin HR. Hospitalists and an Innovative Emergency Department Admission Process. Journal of General Internal Medicine 2004; 19: 266–72.

Langhorne P, Taylor G, Murray G, et al. Early supported discharge for stroke patients: a meta-analysis of individual patients’ data. Lancet 2005; 365: 501–6.

Alpesh A. Value of hospital medicine in the inpatient management of communityacquired pneumonia. Infectious Diseases in Clinical Practice (Supplement). 2004; 12: S3–5.

Schneider S, Zwemer F, Doniger A, et al. Rochester, New York: a decade of emergency department overcrowding. Academic Emergency Medicine 2001; 8: 1044–50.

Siegel B, Wilson MJ, Sickler D. Enhancing work flow to reduce crowding. Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety 2007; 33 (Suppl): 57–67.

Ong MEH, Ho KK, Tan TP, et al. Using demand analysis and system status management for predicting ED attendances and rostering. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 27: 16–22.

Green LV. Capacity planning and management in hospitals. In ML Brandeau, F Sainfort, WP Pierskalla, eds., Operations Research and Health Care: a Handbook of Methods and Applications. London: Kluwer, 2004.