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Feied CF, Handler JA, Smith MS, et al. Clinical information systems: instant ubiquitous clinical data for error reduction and improved clinical outcomes. Academic Emergency Medicine 2004; 11: 1162–9.

Aronsky D, Jones I, Lanaghan K, Slovis CM. Supporting patient care in the emergency department with a computerized whiteboard system. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2008; 15: 184–94.

Hanson LB, Weinswig MH, De Muth JE. Accuracy and time requirements of a bar-code inventory system for medical supplies. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 1988; 45: 341–4.

Poon EG, Keohane CA, Yoon CS, et al. Effect of bar-code technology on the safety of medication administration. New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 362: 1698–707.

Poon EG, Cina JL, Churchill W, et al. Medication dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events before and after implementing bar code technology in the pharmacy. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006; 145: 426–34.

Wright AA, Katz IT. Bar coding for patient safety. New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 353: 329–31.

Spaite DW, Bartholomeaux F, Guisto J, et al. Rapid process redesign in a university-based emergency department: decreasing waiting time intervals and improving patient satisfaction. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2002; 39: 168–77.

Morgan R. Turning around the turn-arounds: improving ED throughput processes. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2007; 33: 530–6.

Chan TC, Killeen JP, Kelly D, Guss DA. Impact of rapid entry and accelerated care at triage on reducing emergency department patient wait times, lengths of stay, and rate of left without being seen. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005; 46: 491–7.

Bertoty DA, Kuszajewsk ML, Marsh EE. Direct-to-room: one department’s approach to improving ED throughput. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2007; 33: 26–30.

Takakuwa KM, Shofer FS, Abbuhl SB. Strategies for dealing with emergency department overcrowding: a one-year study on how bedside registration affects patient throughput times. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2007; 32: 337–42.

Gorelick MH, Yen K, Yun HJ. The effect of in-room registration on emergency department length of stay. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005; 45: 128–33.

Davidson SJ, Zwemer FL, Nathanson LA, Sable KN, Khan AN. Where’s the beef? The promise and the reality of clinical documentation. Academic Emergency Medicine 2004; 11: 1127–34.

Bourie PQ, Ferrenberg VA, McKay M, Halamka JD, Safran C. Implementation of an on-line emergency unit nursing system. Proceedings, AMIA Symposium 1998: 330–3.

Likourezos A, Chalfin DB, Murphy DG, et al. Physician and nurse satisfaction with an electronic medical record system. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2004; 27: 419–24.

Schenkel S. Promoting patient safety and preventing medical error in emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000; 7: 1204–22.

Bates DW, Leape LL, Cullen DJ, et al. Effect of computerized physician order entry and a team intervention on prevention of serious medication errors. JAMA 1998. 280: 1311–16.

Ash JS, Sittig DF, Poon EG, et al. The extent and importance of unintended consequences related to computerized provider order entry. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2007; 14: 415–23.

Guss DA, Chan TC, Killeen JP. The impact of a pneumatic tube and computerized physician order management on laboratory turnaround time. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2008; 51: 181–5.

Holroyd BR, Bullard MJ, Graham TA, Rowe BH. Decision support technology in knowledge translation. Academic Emergency Medicine 2007; 14: 942–8.

Garg AX. Effects of computerized clinical decision support systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review. JAMA 2005; 293: 1223–8.

Chaudhry B, Wang J, Wu S, et al. Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006; 144: 742–52

Shea S, DuMouchel W, Bahamonde L. A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials to evaluate computer-based clinical reminder systems for preventive care in the ambulatory setting. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 1996; 3: 399–409.

Lewis MH, Gohagan JK, Merenstein DJ. The locality rule and the physician’s dilemma: local medical practices vs the national standard of care. JAMA 2007; 297: 2633–7.

Mandl KD, Overhage JM, Wagner MM, et al. Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2004; 11: 141–50.

Wilson K, Brownstein JS. Early detection of disease outbreaks using the Internet. CMAJ 2009; 180: 829–31.

Ginsberg J, Mohebbi MH, Patel RS, et al. Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature 2009; 457: 1012–14.

Green LV, Soares J, Giglio JF, Green RA. Using queueing theory to increase the effectiveness of emergency department provider staffing. Academic Emergency Medicine 2006; 13: 61–8.

Feied CF, Handler JA, Smith MS, et al. Clinical information systems: instant ubiquitous clinical data for error reduction and improved clinical outcomes. Academic Emergency Medicine 2004; 11: 1162–9.

Aronsky D, Jones I, Lanaghan K, Slovis CM. Supporting patient care in the emergency department with a computerized whiteboard system. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2008; 15: 184–94.

Hanson LB, Weinswig MH, De Muth JE. Accuracy and time requirements of a bar-code inventory system for medical supplies. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 1988; 45: 341–4.

Poon EG, Keohane CA, Yoon CS, et al. Effect of bar-code technology on the safety of medication administration. New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 362: 1698–707.

Poon EG, Cina JL, Churchill W, et al. Medication dispensing errors and potential adverse drug events before and after implementing bar code technology in the pharmacy. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006; 145: 426–34.

Wright AA, Katz IT. Bar coding for patient safety. New England Journal of Medicine 2005; 353: 329–31.

Spaite DW, Bartholomeaux F, Guisto J, et al. Rapid process redesign in a university-based emergency department: decreasing waiting time intervals and improving patient satisfaction. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2002; 39: 168–77.

Morgan R. Turning around the turn-arounds: improving ED throughput processes. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2007; 33: 530–6.

Chan TC, Killeen JP, Kelly D, Guss DA. Impact of rapid entry and accelerated care at triage on reducing emergency department patient wait times, lengths of stay, and rate of left without being seen. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005; 46: 491–7.

Bertoty DA, Kuszajewsk ML, Marsh EE. Direct-to-room: one department’s approach to improving ED throughput. Journal of Emergency Nursing 2007; 33: 26–30.

Takakuwa KM, Shofer FS, Abbuhl SB. Strategies for dealing with emergency department overcrowding: a one-year study on how bedside registration affects patient throughput times. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2007; 32: 337–42.

Gorelick MH, Yen K, Yun HJ. The effect of in-room registration on emergency department length of stay. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2005; 45: 128–33.

Davidson SJ, Zwemer FL, Nathanson LA, Sable KN, Khan AN. Where’s the beef? The promise and the reality of clinical documentation. Academic Emergency Medicine 2004; 11: 1127–34.

Bourie PQ, Ferrenberg VA, McKay M, Halamka JD, Safran C. Implementation of an on-line emergency unit nursing system. Proceedings, AMIA Symposium 1998: 330–3.

Likourezos A, Chalfin DB, Murphy DG, et al. Physician and nurse satisfaction with an electronic medical record system. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2004; 27: 419–24.

Schenkel S. Promoting patient safety and preventing medical error in emergency departments. Academic Emergency Medicine 2000; 7: 1204–22.

Bates DW, Leape LL, Cullen DJ, et al. Effect of computerized physician order entry and a team intervention on prevention of serious medication errors. JAMA 1998. 280: 1311–16.

Ash JS, Sittig DF, Poon EG, et al. The extent and importance of unintended consequences related to computerized provider order entry. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2007; 14: 415–23.

Guss DA, Chan TC, Killeen JP. The impact of a pneumatic tube and computerized physician order management on laboratory turnaround time. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2008; 51: 181–5.

Holroyd BR, Bullard MJ, Graham TA, Rowe BH. Decision support technology in knowledge translation. Academic Emergency Medicine 2007; 14: 942–8.

Garg AX. Effects of computerized clinical decision support systems on practitioner performance and patient outcomes: a systematic review. JAMA 2005; 293: 1223–8.

Chaudhry B, Wang J, Wu S, et al. Systematic review: impact of health information technology on quality, efficiency, and costs of medical care. Annals of Internal Medicine 2006; 144: 742–52

Shea S, DuMouchel W, Bahamonde L. A meta-analysis of 16 randomized controlled trials to evaluate computer-based clinical reminder systems for preventive care in the ambulatory setting. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 1996; 3: 399–409.

Lewis MH, Gohagan JK, Merenstein DJ. The locality rule and the physician’s dilemma: local medical practices vs the national standard of care. JAMA 2007; 297: 2633–7.

Mandl KD, Overhage JM, Wagner MM, et al. Implementing syndromic surveillance: a practical guide informed by the early experience. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 2004; 11: 141–50.

Wilson K, Brownstein JS. Early detection of disease outbreaks using the Internet. CMAJ 2009; 180: 829–31.

Ginsberg J, Mohebbi MH, Patel RS, et al. Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data. Nature 2009; 457: 1012–14.

Green LV, Soares J, Giglio JF, Green RA. Using queueing theory to increase the effectiveness of emergency department provider staffing. Academic Emergency Medicine 2006; 13: 61–8.