Acil Servislerde Kalite Teminatı

Institute of Medicine. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2000.

Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 324: 370–6.

Leape LL, Brennan TA, Laird N, et al. The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 324: 377–84.

Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Burstin HR, et al. Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. Medical Care 2000; 38: 261–71.

Lerman B, Kobernick MS. Return visits to the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Medicine 1987; 5: 359–62.

Keith KD, Bocka JJ, Kobernick MS, et al. Emergency department revisits. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1989; 18: 964–8.

Lu TC, Tsai CL, Lee CC, et al. Preventable deaths in patients admitted from emergency department. Emergency Medicine Journal 2006; 23: 452–5.

Nafsi T, Russell R, Reid CM, Rizvi SM. Audit of deaths less than a week after admission through an emergency department: how accurate was the ED diagnosis and were any deaths preventable? Emergency Medicine Journal 2007; 24: 691–5.

Sklar DP, Crandall CS, Loeliger E, et al. Unanticipated death after discharge home from the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2007; 49: 735–45.

Committee to Design a Strategy for Quality Review Assurance in Medicare (Institute of Medicine). Medicare: a Strategy for Quality Assurance, Volume I, Dallas, TX: National Academies Press, 1990.

Committee on Quality of Health Care in America (Institute of Medicine). Crossing the Quality Chasm: a New Health System for the 21st Century, Dallas, TX: National Academies Press, 2001.

James BC. Improving quality can reduce costs. QA Review 1989; 1 (1): 4.

Graff L, Stevens C, Spaite D, et al. Measuring and improving quality in emergency medicine. Academic Emergency Medicine 2002; 9: 1091–107.

Eagle CJ, Davies JM. Current models of “quality”: an introduction for anaesthetists. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 1993; 40: 851–62.

Reason J. Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 1997.

National Quality Forum. Serious reportable events. http://www. qualityforum.org/Publications/ 2008/10/Serious_Reportable_ Events.aspx (accessed March 18, 2012).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Overview: Physician Quality Reporting System. http://www.cms.gov/PQRS// (accessed March 26, 2012).

Medicare. Hospital Compare. US Department of Health and Human Services. http://www. hospitalcompare.hhs.gov (accessed May 15, 2012).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program. http://www.cms.gov/Hospital QualityInits/08_Hospital RHQDAPU.asp#TopOfPage (accessed March 26, 2012).

Donabedian A. The quality of care: how can it be assessed? JAMA 1988; 260: 1743–8.

Porter ME.What isvalue inhealth care? New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 363: 2477–81.

Kaplan RS, Porter ME. How to solve the cost crisis in health care. Harvard Business Review 2011; 89: 46–52, 54, 56–61.

Kaplan RS, Anderson SR. Timedriven activity-based costing. Harvard Business Review 2004; 82: 131–8, 150.

Porter ME. Value in health care. Supplementary Appendix 1 to Porter ME.What isvalue inhealth care? New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 363: 2477–81.

Perina DG, Beeson MS, Char DM, et al. The 2007 model of the clinical practice of emergency medicine: the 2009 update. Academic Emergency Medicine 2011; 18: e8 –26.

Hobgood C, Anantharaman V, Bandiera G, et al. International Federation for Emergency Medicine Model Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Specialists. Emergency Medicine Australasia 2011; 23: 541–53.

Petrino R. A curriculum for the specialty of emergency medicine in Europe. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 16: 113–14.

Lindsay P, Schull M, Bronskill S, Anderson G. The development of indicators to measure the quality of clinical care in emergency departments following a modified-Delphi approach. Academic Emergency Medicine 2002; 9: 1131–9.

JencksSF,CuerdonT,BurwenDR, et al. Quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries: profile at state and national level. JAMA 2000; 284: 1670 –6.

Krumholz H, Baker DW, Ashton CM, et al. Evaluating quality of care for patients with heart failure. Circulation 2000; 101: e101–40.

Krumholz HM, Herrin J, Miller LE, et al. Improvements in doorto-balloon time in the United States, 2005 to 2010. Circulation 2011; 124: 1038–45.

KanwarM,Brar N,KhatibR,etal. Misdiagnosis of communityacquired pneumonia and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics: side effects of the 4-h antibiotic administration rule. Chest 2007; 131: 1865–9

Bevan G, Hood C. Have targets improved performance in the English NHS? BMJ 2006; 332: 419–22.

NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care. http:// www.ic.nhs.uk (accessed May 28, 2012).

Department of Health. Urgent & Emergency Care. A&E Clinical Quality Indicators Data Definitions. London: Department of Health, 2010.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. http://www.aihw.gov.au (accessed May 28, 2012).

Australian Council on Healthcare Standards. http://www.achs.org.au (accessed May 28, 2012).

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. A Set of Performance Indicators Across the Health and Aged Care System. Canberra: AIHW, 2008.

Emergency Medicine, version 4. Clinical Indicators. In Australasian Clinical Indicator Report 2003–2010. 12th edn. Australasian Council on Healthcare Standards, 2011.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital Quality Initiative. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/ Quality-Initiatives-Patient Patient Assessment-Instruments/Hospital QualityInits/index.html (accessed July 23, 2012).

Welch S, Augustine J, Camargo CA, Reese C. Emergency department performance measures and benchmarking summit. Academic Emergency Mediine. 2006; 13: 1074–80.

Welch SJ, Asplin BR, StoneGriffith S, et al. Emergency department operational metrics, measures and definitions: results of the Second Performance Measures and Benchmarking Summit. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2011; 58: 33 –40.

Moffett P, Moore G. The standard of care: legal history and definitions:thebadandgoodnews. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011; 12: 109 –12.

McCourt v Abernathy. in., S.C.; 1995: 603.

American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Expert witness guidelines for the specialty of emergency medicine. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2010; 56: 449–50.

Wilson RM, Runciman WB, Gibberd RW, et al. The Quality in Australian Health Care Study. Medical Journal of Australia 1995; 163: 458–71.

Vincent C, Neale G, Woloshynowych M. Adverse events in British hospitals: preliminary retrospective record review. BMJ 2001; 322: 517–19.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. AHRQ Common Formats Event Description Hospital Version 1.2. https://www.psoppc.org/c/ document_library/get_file? p_l_id=375679&folderId=409252 &name=DLFE-14073.pdf (accessed July 24, 2012)

Sentinel events. In Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals: the Official Handbook. The Joint Commission, 2011.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital-acquired conditions. http://www.cms.gov/Hospital AcqCond/06_Hospital-Acquired_ Conditions.asp#TopOfPage (accessed March 18, 2012).

Reason J. Human error: models and management. BMJ 2000; 320: 768–70.

Reason J. Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Kachalia A, Gandhi TK, Puopolo AL, et al. Missed and delayed diagnoses in the emergency department: a study of closed malpractice claims from 4 liability insurers. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2007; 49: 196–205.

Goldman RL. The reliability of peer assessments of quality of care. JAMA 1992; 267: 958–60.

Thomas EJ, Lipsitz SR, Studdert DM, et al. The reliability of medical record review for estimating adverse event rates. Annals of Internal Medicine 2002; 136: 812–16

Smith MA, Atherly AJ, Kane RL, et al. Peer review of the quality of care. Reliability and sources of variability for outcome and process assessments. JAMA 1997; 278: 1573–8.

Lilford RJ, Mohammed MA, Braunholtz D, et al. The measurement of active errors: methodological issues. Quality and Safety in Health Care 2003; 12 (Suppl 2): ii8–12.

Studdert DM, Mello MM, Gawande AA,et al.Claims, errors, and compensation payments in medical malpractice litigation. New England Journal of Medicine 2006; 354: 2024–33.

Seigel TA, McGillicuddy DC, Barkin AZ, et al. Morbidity and Mortality conference in Emergency Medicine. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2010; 38: 507–11.

Institute of Medicine. To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System. Washington, DC, National Academies Press, 2000.

Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study I. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 324: 370–6.

Leape LL, Brennan TA, Laird N, et al. The nature of adverse events in hospitalized patients. Results of the Harvard Medical Practice Study II. New England Journal of Medicine 1991; 324: 377–84.

Thomas EJ, Studdert DM, Burstin HR, et al. Incidence and types of adverse events and negligent care in Utah and Colorado. Medical Care 2000; 38: 261–71.

Lerman B, Kobernick MS. Return visits to the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Medicine 1987; 5: 359–62.

Keith KD, Bocka JJ, Kobernick MS, et al. Emergency department revisits. Annals of Emergency Medicine 1989; 18: 964–8.

Lu TC, Tsai CL, Lee CC, et al. Preventable deaths in patients admitted from emergency department. Emergency Medicine Journal 2006; 23: 452–5.

Nafsi T, Russell R, Reid CM, Rizvi SM. Audit of deaths less than a week after admission through an emergency department: how accurate was the ED diagnosis and were any deaths preventable? Emergency Medicine Journal 2007; 24: 691–5.

Sklar DP, Crandall CS, Loeliger E, et al. Unanticipated death after discharge home from the emergency department. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2007; 49: 735–45.

Committee to Design a Strategy for Quality Review Assurance in Medicare (Institute of Medicine). Medicare: a Strategy for Quality Assurance, Volume I, Dallas, TX: National Academies Press, 1990.

Committee on Quality of Health Care in America (Institute of Medicine). Crossing the Quality Chasm: a New Health System for the 21st Century, Dallas, TX: National Academies Press, 2001.

James BC. Improving quality can reduce costs. QA Review 1989; 1 (1): 4.

Graff L, Stevens C, Spaite D, et al. Measuring and improving quality in emergency medicine. Academic Emergency Medicine 2002; 9: 1091–107.

Eagle CJ, Davies JM. Current models of “quality”: an introduction for anaesthetists. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 1993; 40: 851–62.

Reason J. Managing the Risks of Organizational Accidents. Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 1997.

National Quality Forum. Serious reportable events. http://www. qualityforum.org/Publications/ 2008/10/Serious_Reportable_ Events.aspx (accessed March 18, 2012).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Overview: Physician Quality Reporting System. http://www.cms.gov/PQRS// (accessed March 26, 2012).

Medicare. Hospital Compare. US Department of Health and Human Services. http://www. hospitalcompare.hhs.gov (accessed May 15, 2012).

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program. http://www.cms.gov/Hospital QualityInits/08_Hospital RHQDAPU.asp#TopOfPage (accessed March 26, 2012).

Donabedian A. The quality of care: how can it be assessed? JAMA 1988; 260: 1743–8.

Porter ME.What isvalue inhealth care? New England Journal of Medicine. 2010; 363: 2477–81.

Kaplan RS, Porter ME. How to solve the cost crisis in health care. Harvard Business Review 2011; 89: 46–52, 54, 56–61.

Kaplan RS, Anderson SR. Timedriven activity-based costing. Harvard Business Review 2004; 82: 131–8, 150.

Porter ME. Value in health care. Supplementary Appendix 1 to Porter ME.What isvalue inhealth care? New England Journal of Medicine 2010; 363: 2477–81.

Perina DG, Beeson MS, Char DM, et al. The 2007 model of the clinical practice of emergency medicine: the 2009 update. Academic Emergency Medicine 2011; 18: e8 –26.

Hobgood C, Anantharaman V, Bandiera G, et al. International Federation for Emergency Medicine Model Curriculum for Emergency Medicine Specialists. Emergency Medicine Australasia 2011; 23: 541–53.

Petrino R. A curriculum for the specialty of emergency medicine in Europe. European Journal of Emergency Medicine 2009; 16: 113–14.

Lindsay P, Schull M, Bronskill S, Anderson G. The development of indicators to measure the quality of clinical care in emergency departments following a modified-Delphi approach. Academic Emergency Medicine 2002; 9: 1131–9.

JencksSF,CuerdonT,BurwenDR, et al. Quality of medical care delivered to Medicare beneficiaries: profile at state and national level. JAMA 2000; 284: 1670 –6.

Krumholz H, Baker DW, Ashton CM, et al. Evaluating quality of care for patients with heart failure. Circulation 2000; 101: e101–40.

Krumholz HM, Herrin J, Miller LE, et al. Improvements in doorto-balloon time in the United States, 2005 to 2010. Circulation 2011; 124: 1038–45.

KanwarM,Brar N,KhatibR,etal. Misdiagnosis of communityacquired pneumonia and inappropriate utilization of antibiotics: side effects of the 4-h antibiotic administration rule. Chest 2007; 131: 1865–9

Bevan G, Hood C. Have targets improved performance in the English NHS? BMJ 2006; 332: 419–22.

NHS Information Centre for Health and Social Care. http:// www.ic.nhs.uk (accessed May 28, 2012).

Department of Health. Urgent & Emergency Care. A&E Clinical Quality Indicators Data Definitions. London: Department of Health, 2010.

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. http://www.aihw.gov.au (accessed May 28, 2012).

Australian Council on Healthcare Standards. http://www.achs.org.au (accessed May 28, 2012).

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. A Set of Performance Indicators Across the Health and Aged Care System. Canberra: AIHW, 2008.

Emergency Medicine, version 4. Clinical Indicators. In Australasian Clinical Indicator Report 2003–2010. 12th edn. Australasian Council on Healthcare Standards, 2011.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital Quality Initiative. https://www.cms.gov/Medicare/ Quality-Initiatives-Patient Patient Assessment-Instruments/Hospital QualityInits/index.html (accessed July 23, 2012).

Welch S, Augustine J, Camargo CA, Reese C. Emergency department performance measures and benchmarking summit. Academic Emergency Mediine. 2006; 13: 1074–80.

Welch SJ, Asplin BR, StoneGriffith S, et al. Emergency department operational metrics, measures and definitions: results of the Second Performance Measures and Benchmarking Summit. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2011; 58: 33 –40.

Moffett P, Moore G. The standard of care: legal history and definitions:thebadandgoodnews. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine 2011; 12: 109 –12.

McCourt v Abernathy. in., S.C.; 1995: 603.

American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP). Expert witness guidelines for the specialty of emergency medicine. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2010; 56: 449–50.

Wilson RM, Runciman WB, Gibberd RW, et al. The Quality in Australian Health Care Study. Medical Journal of Australia 1995; 163: 458–71.

Vincent C, Neale G, Woloshynowych M. Adverse events in British hospitals: preliminary retrospective record review. BMJ 2001; 322: 517–19.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. AHRQ Common Formats Event Description Hospital Version 1.2. https://www.psoppc.org/c/ document_library/get_file? p_l_id=375679&folderId=409252 &name=DLFE-14073.pdf (accessed July 24, 2012)

Sentinel events. In Comprehensive Accreditation Manual for Hospitals: the Official Handbook. The Joint Commission, 2011.

Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Hospital-acquired conditions. http://www.cms.gov/Hospital AcqCond/06_Hospital-Acquired_ Conditions.asp#TopOfPage (accessed March 18, 2012).

Reason J. Human error: models and management. BMJ 2000; 320: 768–70.

Reason J. Human Error. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

Kachalia A, Gandhi TK, Puopolo AL, et al. Missed and delayed diagnoses in the emergency department: a study of closed malpractice claims from 4 liability insurers. Annals of Emergency Medicine 2007; 49: 196–205.

Goldman RL. The reliability of peer assessments of quality of care. JAMA 1992; 267: 958–60.

Thomas EJ, Lipsitz SR, Studdert DM, et al. The reliability of medical record review for estimating adverse event rates. Annals of Internal Medicine 2002; 136: 812–16

Smith MA, Atherly AJ, Kane RL, et al. Peer review of the quality of care. Reliability and sources of variability for outcome and process assessments. JAMA 1997; 278: 1573–8.

Lilford RJ, Mohammed MA, Braunholtz D, et al. The measurement of active errors: methodological issues. Quality and Safety in Health Care 2003; 12 (Suppl 2): ii8–12.

Studdert DM, Mello MM, Gawande AA,et al.Claims, errors, and compensation payments in medical malpractice litigation. New England Journal of Medicine 2006; 354: 2024–33.

Seigel TA, McGillicuddy DC, Barkin AZ, et al. Morbidity and Mortality conference in Emergency Medicine. Journal of Emergency Medicine 2010; 38: 507–11.