Current Nursing Approaches For Symptom Management And Assessment Of Quality Of Life In Childhood Cancers
Özet
Childhood cancers, primarily of embryological origin, present a heterogeneous group of life-threatening diseases that introduce severe physical and psychosocial challenges for both children and their parent caregivers. While therapeutic advancements in chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and biological targeted therapies have significantly increased pediatric survival rates to approximately 80% in developed countries, survival figures remain critically low at 30% within underdeveloped or developing regions. The administration of intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy effectively destroys malignant cells, yet it concurrently triggers debilitating side effects including oral mucositis, risky neutropenia, persistent nausea, vomiting, intense pain, gastrointestinal disruptions, alopecia, and treatment-induced cachexia. These common symptoms frequently emerge in clusters, intensifying distress and diminishing the overall health-related quality of life. Pediatric oncology nursing holds a multifaceted responsibility in optimizing standard care by executing continuous symptom assessments, delivering family education, and applying diverse pharmacological and non-pharmacological supportive approaches. Additionally, modern nursing care synergizes with mobile health (m-Health) innovations and therapeutic computer-designed applications—such as KeTO, Sisom, and Re-Mission—to offer interactive psychoeducation. These digital games systematically increase the child's knowledge, promote active involvement in self-care, reduce depressive manifestations, and strategically distract from procedure-related pain, thereby improving clinical functionality and fostering adaptive coping mechanisms during long-term hospitalization periods.
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