Perianestezik Değerlendirme ve Hazırlık

Thromboembolism in pregnancy. Practice Bulletin No. 123. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 118:718–29.

Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35: 64–101.

Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2007;106:843–63

Lottan M, Mashiach R, Namestnikov M: Hematologic diseases. Textbook of Obstetric Anesthesia. New York,Churchill Livingstone, 2000: 586-596

Van Veen JJ, Nokes TJ, Makris M. The risk of spinal haematoma following neuraxial anaesthesia or lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic individuals. Br J Haematol 2010;148: 15–25.

ASA. ASA Physical Status Classification System [Internet]. 2014. Available from: http://www.asahq.org/resources/clinical-information/asa-physical-status-classification-system.

Brichant, Bruskin, De Swaef, Gautier, Lechat, Roelants, et al. Belgian guidelines and recommendations for safe practice in obstetric anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2003;54: 119–25.

Tan T, Sia AT. Anesthesia considerations in the obese gravida. Semin Perinatol 2011; 35: 350–5.

Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O’Sullivan G, Søreide E, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011; 28(8):556–69.

Loubert C. Fluid and vasopressor management for Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: Continuing Professional Development. Can J Anesth 2012; 59: 604–19.

Langesaeter E, Rosseland LA, Stubhaug A. Continuous invasive blood pressure and cardiac output monitoring during cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind comparison of low-dose versus high-dose spinal anesthesia with intravenous phenylephrine or placebo infusion. Anesthesiology 2008;109: 856–63.

Sahoo T, SenDasgupta C, Goswami A, Hazra A. Reduction in spinal-induced hypotension with ondansetron in parturients undergoing caesarean section: A double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2012;21:24–8.

Mercier FJ. Cesarean delivery fluid management. Cur Opin Anaesthesiol 2012;25: 286–91.

Cyna AM, Andrew M, Emmett RS, Middleton P, Simmons SW. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 18; (4): CD002251.

Ko JS, Kim CS, Cho HS, Choi DH. A randomized trial of crystalloid versus colloid solution for prevention of hypotension during spinal or low-dose combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth 2007;16: 8–12.

Tsen LC. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery. In: Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, Ngan Kee W, Beilin Y, Mhyre J, editors. Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice. 5th edition. Phidelphia: Elseiver Saunders; 2014; 545–603.

Allen TK, George RB, White WD, Muir HA, Habib AS. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of four fixed rate infusion regimens of phenylephrine for hemodynamic support during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2010;111:1221–9.

Rollins M, Lucero J. Overview of anesthetic considerations for Cesarean delivery. Br Med Bull 2012;101:105–25.

Banerjee A, Stocche RM, Angle P, Halpern SH. Preload or coload for spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean delivery: A meta-analysis. Can J Anesth. 2010;57: 24–31.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. CG132 Caesarean Section. Available from: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG132.

Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Tan PE, Ng FF, Karmakar MK. Placental transfer and fetal metabolic effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 2009;111:506–12.

Ngan Kee WD, Lee A, Khaw KS, Ng FF, Karmakar MK, Gin T. A randomized double-blinded comparison of phenylephrine and ephedrine infusion combinations to maintain blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: The effects on fetal acid-base status and hemodynamic control. Anesth Analg 2008;107:1295–302.

Saravanan S, Kocarev M, Wilson RC, Watkins E, Columb MO, Lyons G. Equivalent dose of ephedrine and phenylephrine in the prevention of post-spinal hypotension in Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2006;96: 95–9.

Cooper DW. Caesarean delivery vasopressor management. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2012; 25: 300–8.

Ngan Kee WD. Prevention of maternal hypotension after regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2010;23: 304–9.

Pattee C, Ballantyne M, Milne B: Epidural analgesia for labour and delivery: Informed consent issues. Can J Anaesth 1997: 44: 918-923.

Davies J, Ross B. Informed consent, documentation and medicolegal issues. In: Bucklin B, Gambling D, Wlody D editors. A practical approach to obstetric anesthesia. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009: 69-79.

Leighton BL, Halpern SH. The effects of epidural analgesia on labor, maternal, and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186(5 Suppl Nature): S69–S77

Reynolds F, Sharma SK, Seed PT. Analgesia in labour and fetal acid-base balance: a meta-analysis comparing epidural with systemic opioid analgesia. BJOG 2002; 109(12):1344–1353

Recep Y, Begüm Y, Yasemin BT, Doğumda Epidural Analjezi, Van Tıp Dergisi, 2008: 15 (4):116-119

Bonnet M, Korb D. and Mignon A. Fetal Monitoring During Neuraxial Labor Analgesia. In: Capogna G, editor, Epidural Labor Analgesia Childbirth Without Pain, Switzerland: Springer; 2015. pp 121-137.

Salmelin A, Wiklund I, Bottinga R, Brorsson B, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Grimfors EE et al Fetal monitoring with computerized ST analysis during labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013: 92(1):28–39

Neilson JP. Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012: 4:CD000116

Bloom SL, Spong CY, Thom E, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Weininger S et al. Fetal pulse oximetry and cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med2006: 355(21):2195–2202

Bauchat J. and Wong C. Neuraxial Labor Analgesia and Effect on Labor. In: Santos A, Epstein J, Chaoudhuri K, editors. Lange Obstetric Anesthesia, McGraw-Hill Education; 2015: 126-154.

Wong C. Epidural and Spinal Analgesia /Anesthesia for Labor and Vaginal Delivery. In: Chesnut D, Wong C, Tsen L, Ngan Kee W, Beilin Y, Mhyre J, editors. Chesnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice, 5th ed. Phidelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: 457-517.

Devlieger R. and Smet M. Obstetric management of labour and labour analgesia. In: Clark V, Velde M, Fernando R, editors. Oxford Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia, Oxford; 2016: 179-199.

Thromboembolism in pregnancy. Practice Bulletin No. 123. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 118:718–29.

Horlocker TT, Wedel DJ, Rowlingson JC, Enneking FK, Kopp SL, Benzon HT, et al. Regional anesthesia in the patient receiving antithrombotic or thrombolytic therapy: American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Evidence-Based Guidelines (Third Edition). Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010; 35: 64–101.

Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2007;106:843–63

Lottan M, Mashiach R, Namestnikov M: Hematologic diseases. Textbook of Obstetric Anesthesia. New York,Churchill Livingstone, 2000: 586-596

Van Veen JJ, Nokes TJ, Makris M. The risk of spinal haematoma following neuraxial anaesthesia or lumbar puncture in thrombocytopenic individuals. Br J Haematol 2010;148: 15–25.

ASA. ASA Physical Status Classification System [Internet]. 2014. Available from: http://www.asahq.org/resources/clinical-information/asa-physical-status-classification-system.

Brichant, Bruskin, De Swaef, Gautier, Lechat, Roelants, et al. Belgian guidelines and recommendations for safe practice in obstetric anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 2003;54: 119–25.

Tan T, Sia AT. Anesthesia considerations in the obese gravida. Semin Perinatol 2011; 35: 350–5.

Smith I, Kranke P, Murat I, Smith A, O’Sullivan G, Søreide E, et al. Perioperative fasting in adults and children: guidelines from the European Society of Anaesthesiology. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2011; 28(8):556–69.

Loubert C. Fluid and vasopressor management for Cesarean delivery under spinal anesthesia: Continuing Professional Development. Can J Anesth 2012; 59: 604–19.

Langesaeter E, Rosseland LA, Stubhaug A. Continuous invasive blood pressure and cardiac output monitoring during cesarean delivery: a randomized, double-blind comparison of low-dose versus high-dose spinal anesthesia with intravenous phenylephrine or placebo infusion. Anesthesiology 2008;109: 856–63.

Sahoo T, SenDasgupta C, Goswami A, Hazra A. Reduction in spinal-induced hypotension with ondansetron in parturients undergoing caesarean section: A double-blind randomised, placebo-controlled study. Int J Obstet Anesth 2012;21:24–8.

Mercier FJ. Cesarean delivery fluid management. Cur Opin Anaesthesiol 2012;25: 286–91.

Cyna AM, Andrew M, Emmett RS, Middleton P, Simmons SW. Techniques for preventing hypotension during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 18; (4): CD002251.

Ko JS, Kim CS, Cho HS, Choi DH. A randomized trial of crystalloid versus colloid solution for prevention of hypotension during spinal or low-dose combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for elective cesarean delivery. Int J Obstet Anesth 2007;16: 8–12.

Tsen LC. Anesthesia for cesarean delivery. In: Chestnut DH, Wong CA, Tsen LC, Ngan Kee W, Beilin Y, Mhyre J, editors. Chestnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice. 5th edition. Phidelphia: Elseiver Saunders; 2014; 545–603.

Allen TK, George RB, White WD, Muir HA, Habib AS. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of four fixed rate infusion regimens of phenylephrine for hemodynamic support during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesth Analg 2010;111:1221–9.

Rollins M, Lucero J. Overview of anesthetic considerations for Cesarean delivery. Br Med Bull 2012;101:105–25.

Banerjee A, Stocche RM, Angle P, Halpern SH. Preload or coload for spinal anesthesia for elective Cesarean delivery: A meta-analysis. Can J Anesth. 2010;57: 24–31.

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. CG132 Caesarean Section. Available from: http://guidance.nice.org.uk/CG132.

Ngan Kee WD, Khaw KS, Tan PE, Ng FF, Karmakar MK. Placental transfer and fetal metabolic effects of phenylephrine and ephedrine during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. Anesthesiology 2009;111:506–12.

Ngan Kee WD, Lee A, Khaw KS, Ng FF, Karmakar MK, Gin T. A randomized double-blinded comparison of phenylephrine and ephedrine infusion combinations to maintain blood pressure during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery: The effects on fetal acid-base status and hemodynamic control. Anesth Analg 2008;107:1295–302.

Saravanan S, Kocarev M, Wilson RC, Watkins E, Columb MO, Lyons G. Equivalent dose of ephedrine and phenylephrine in the prevention of post-spinal hypotension in Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2006;96: 95–9.

Cooper DW. Caesarean delivery vasopressor management. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2012; 25: 300–8.

Ngan Kee WD. Prevention of maternal hypotension after regional anaesthesia for caesarean section. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2010;23: 304–9.

Pattee C, Ballantyne M, Milne B: Epidural analgesia for labour and delivery: Informed consent issues. Can J Anaesth 1997: 44: 918-923.

Davies J, Ross B. Informed consent, documentation and medicolegal issues. In: Bucklin B, Gambling D, Wlody D editors. A practical approach to obstetric anesthesia. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009: 69-79.

Leighton BL, Halpern SH. The effects of epidural analgesia on labor, maternal, and neonatal outcomes: a systematic review. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002; 186(5 Suppl Nature): S69–S77

Reynolds F, Sharma SK, Seed PT. Analgesia in labour and fetal acid-base balance: a meta-analysis comparing epidural with systemic opioid analgesia. BJOG 2002; 109(12):1344–1353

Recep Y, Begüm Y, Yasemin BT, Doğumda Epidural Analjezi, Van Tıp Dergisi, 2008: 15 (4):116-119

Bonnet M, Korb D. and Mignon A. Fetal Monitoring During Neuraxial Labor Analgesia. In: Capogna G, editor, Epidural Labor Analgesia Childbirth Without Pain, Switzerland: Springer; 2015. pp 121-137.

Salmelin A, Wiklund I, Bottinga R, Brorsson B, Ekman-Ordeberg G, Grimfors EE et al Fetal monitoring with computerized ST analysis during labor: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2013: 92(1):28–39

Neilson JP. Fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) for fetal monitoring during labour. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012: 4:CD000116

Bloom SL, Spong CY, Thom E, Varner MW, Rouse DJ, Weininger S et al. Fetal pulse oximetry and cesarean delivery. N Engl J Med2006: 355(21):2195–2202

Bauchat J. and Wong C. Neuraxial Labor Analgesia and Effect on Labor. In: Santos A, Epstein J, Chaoudhuri K, editors. Lange Obstetric Anesthesia, McGraw-Hill Education; 2015: 126-154.

Wong C. Epidural and Spinal Analgesia /Anesthesia for Labor and Vaginal Delivery. In: Chesnut D, Wong C, Tsen L, Ngan Kee W, Beilin Y, Mhyre J, editors. Chesnut’s Obstetric Anesthesia Principles and Practice, 5th ed. Phidelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2014: 457-517.

Devlieger R. and Smet M. Obstetric management of labour and labour analgesia. In: Clark V, Velde M, Fernando R, editors. Oxford Textbook of Obstetric Anaesthesia, Oxford; 2016: 179-199.